Below I will discuss this problem with two Song Ci poems in the high school Chinese textbook published by People's Education Press as an example.
One is Su Shi's "Eternal Romance in Jingkou, Gu Beiting Nostalgia":
It is difficult to find a hero like Sun Quan after the history of the country. The dance floor was still there, but the heroes had already gone with the passage of time. The setting sun shines on the grassland covered with grass and trees. People say that this was once the place where Emperor Wu of Song lived. Looking back, how powerful he was when he led the Northern Expedition and recovered lost ground! However, Li Liu Yi Long, the son of Liu Wang Yilong, was a great success and made a swift northern expedition. Instead, he made the Northern Wei Emperor Wu Tuoba fly south and returned to the north bank of the Yangtze River, which was severely hit by his opponent. I have been back to the south for forty-three years, and I still remember the war scenes in Yangzhou. Looking back, there was a crow club drum under the beaver temple. Who can ask: Lian Po is too old to eat?
The word * * * uses five allusions of Sun Quan, Song Wudi, North Wei Wendi (Beaver) and Lian Po. It's only been forty-three years since the whole word was wordless, and I still remember in my hope that there are three sentences of "Yangzhou Road Fire". Xin Qiji's ci is famous for its many allusions. This word is the most prominent one among symplectic words. However, his allusions are different from those of ordinary literati, because the five allusions of this word are closely related to the author's thoughts, and these allusions are historical allusions of Jingkou (now Zhenjiang), and they are an article reflecting on the past in Gubeiting, Jingkou.
The first word is Xin Qiji, 67, who was used by Alta Han as the magistrate of Zhenjiang. The first part of the word misses Sun Quan and Emperor Wu of Song. Sun Quan once made a northern expedition to Cao Cao, and so did Emperor Wu of Song. Destroy Southern Yan in Shandong first, and then destroy the Qin Dynasty in Shaanxi. Xin Qiji entered the "Ten Theories of Meiqin" on the filial piety road for one year, and also advocated taking Shandong first.
In the following film, Wang persuaded the Northern Expedition, meaning that it was a pity that Emperor Wen was unprepared and ventured the Northern Expedition, which led to a crushing defeat and let the beaver go deep into the south. This was originally written for Alta Han. At that time, Alta Han did not listen to Xin Qiji's advice and was not fully prepared. Later, he was defeated, as Xin Qiji expected. In the middle part, I recalled that I came to the south from the northern rebel army when I was a teenager. Conclude the sentence by comparing Lian Po with himself to express his loyalty to serving the country. At this time, Xin Qiji held an important position in the frontier defense, but Alta Han didn't respect his opinion and was illegally resigned the following year.
On the one hand, these allusions are historical facts in this nostalgic topic, on the other hand, they are used to express ideas and to persuade and attack the ruling clique. This is also to satirize the rulers at that time with historical experience and serve politics. If we talk about the political and ideological functions of these allusions in Ci, we can say that they are the most outstanding allusions in the whole Song Dynasty.