The first editor-in-chief of Mount Tai, Emperor Fengchan.
Qin Shi Huang
The son of Wang Xiang of Qin Zhuang, 13 years old, ascended the throne at the age of 22 and proclaimed himself emperor at the age of 39. From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, the six countries of Korea, Wei, Chu, Yan, Zhao and Qi were destroyed successively, and the first unified empire in Chinese history-Qin Dynasty was established. Ancient emperors and emperors were collectively referred to as emperors, claiming to be the first emperor with the meaning of "combining Huang San with virtue and covering five emperors", and announcing that their descendants would be called II, III and even generations. Abolish feudalism, run counties and centralize power; Unified measurement and writing; Open up Chidao, build the Great Wall and consolidate national defense; In order to eliminate anti-one-sidedness, curb ideas and confiscate folk weapons, even-language poets abandoned the city to burn books and bury Confucianism. Traveling around the world five times, chasing Huns in the north and conquering hundreds of yue in the south. In the thirty-seventh year of the first emperor (2 10 BC), he died in a cruise (northwest of Guangzong, Hebei)
After the unification of the six countries, Qin Shihuang built the luxurious Epang Palace and the tomb of Mount Li, made five large-scale cruises and carved stones in famous mountain resorts to show off his prestige.
In 2 19 BC, Qin Shihuang made an east tour, and according to the theory of "the five virtues begin at the end", the first Mount Tai meditation ceremony was held in the history of China.
The process of Emperor Qin Shihuang's sealing Mount Tai is recorded in Historical Records. In the third year of Qin Shihuang, he led the Minister of Civil and Military Affairs to seal Mount Tai for thousands of miles.
Qin Shihuang and his party first went to Yishan (now Zoucheng City, Shandong Province) and erected a monument on the mountain to commemorate Qin's achievements. Clearly show Qilu people the eternal merits of the Qin Dynasty, indicating that they are qualified to pass the Zen in their political achievements.
Later, Qin Shihuang came to the foot of Mount Tai and summoned more than 70 Confucian scholars from Qilu to discuss the specific ceremony of the retreat. However, the result of the negotiation was not satisfactory, so I decided to take my minister of civil and military affairs to meditate in Mount Tai.
The closing ceremony of the Zen ceremony is divided into two steps. Build mountains and roads first, and climb from the sun on Mount Tai to the top of the mountain. "It is obvious that the stone will praise Qin Shihuang's virtue." This is a gift.
Going down from the mountain under the shadow of Mount Tai, "Zen behavior, its ceremony is quite used by Emperor Yong, and its wishes are too many, but it is kept secret, so it is not remembered in the past".
Qin Taishan Stone Carving is located in the west of Daimiao East Throne Hall, which is the earliest work of Taishan Stone Carving. Engraved with the inscription of Qin Shihuang's merits and the imperial edict of II, written by Prime Minister Lisi. The original stone carving has 222 words. After vicissitudes of life, only the words "I went to the sick minister to ask the minister" are complete, and the words "Simao is dead" are incomplete. Qin Taishan stone carvings are listed as national first-class cultural relics and are rare treasures.
2. The most frequent editor, Emperor Taishan, was locked up for meditation.
Emperor Wu of Han dynasty
Liu Che (BC 156-87), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the sixth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, the great-grandson of Liu Bang, the third son of Emperor Jing Liu Qi, and his mother Wang Meiren. /kloc-ascended the throne at the age of 0/5, and reigned for 54 years, creating the heyday of the Western Han Dynasty since Emperor Gaozu.
During his reign, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did five major things: First, he repelled the invasion of the Huns on the Central Plains, and the Chinese nation gained a vast living space from south to north and from east to west. The second is the creation in ancient times, including the right to license, the inspection department, the independent kingdom, the reform of the military system, the establishment of the secretariat, the unification of the currency, the specialization of salt and iron, and the establishment of a continuous loss.
A systematic and complete political system has been established, which embodies the legalist principle of "ruling the country according to law, not avoiding relatives and sparing money". This legal tradition became the basic paradigm of China's imperial system in the next two thousand years. Thirdly, Confucianism should be upgraded to the state religion, and a set of ideology based on the state and adapted to political rule should be established, so as to control the mainstream public opinion and set humanistic ideals and value standards for the elite (scholar-officials) and society. Fourthly, the patriarchal feudal system of the Western Zhou Dynasty was completely abolished, and a new system of administrative bureaucracy, inheritance and talent promotion was established. Fifth, he designed and formulated a far-sighted diplomatic strategy, and through the martial arts of Wenzhi, the Han Empire became the political and economic axis of the Asian continent at that time.
Ban Gu called it "a great talent".
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he took many measures to make Qiang Bing a rich country, deterred the Huns, put down civil strife and made the country prosperous. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was overjoyed and was very proud of the Western Han Dynasty, which he created to unify the world. He went to Mount Tai for meditation on a large scale, and for the first time clearly put forward three conditions for meditation on Mount Tai: First, he must sweep away the internal affairs and unify the world; Second, the world should have peace and long-term stability; Third, there must be auspicious astronomical phenomena. During the twenty-one years before and after, the meditation ceremony was held eight times.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited Mount Tai for the first time in the thirtieth year of his accession to the throne (BC 1 10).
BC 1 10 March, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty led180,000 troops to set out from Chang 'an and make an eastward tour. First, I went to Songshan to worship Zhongyue, and then I went east to Mount Tai with great interest. At this time, the flowers and plants on Mount Tai have not yet been born, and climbing is a disappointing thing. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered a stone to be erected on Mount Tai, and he went to the seaside for a cruise. In April, Mount Tai was covered with vegetation, and Emperor Wu returned to Mount Tai, earning his own income as a gift of Zen: to be the "landlord" of the mountain auditorium; Later, a memorial ceremony was held, and an altar was built in the east of the foot of the mountain, nine feet high, with jade books buried under it;
After the ceremony, Liang Wudi and the son of the late general Huo Qubing climbed Mount Tai alone for the ceremony. The next day, under the shadow of Dai Yin, according to the etiquette of offering sacrifices to the afterlife, Mrs. Chan came to Haoran Mountain in the northern foot of Shandong (now northwest of Laiwu City).
After the closing ceremony, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty accepted the congratulations of the ministers in Tang Ming at the foot of Mount Tai, and changed the Ding Yuan of the first closing ceremony to Yuanfeng.
Then, Liang Wudi gave cattle, sheep, wine, cloth and so on. Widely publicized, and exempt from high, Li Chengnian rent, amnesty, he also wrote to the son of heaven Xu Fan, exempt from all its labor.
After Emperor Wudi closed the Zen, Shi Rende became the son of heaven in the heyday. So he ordered the princes to build official residences at the foot of Mount Tai and let them take their cars to seal the retreat of Mount Tai. As a result, a large number of palaces and houses appeared near Mount Tai, and dignitaries visited and stayed all the year round, gradually prospering.
Yuanfeng five years (BC 106), Shu Tai first year (BC 104), Shu Tai three years (BC 102), Tianhan three years (98 BC), Taishi four years (93 BC) and Zheng He four years (89 BC). According to records, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once sealed Mount Tai once on average in less than three years, which greatly exceeded the ancient system that "the ancient emperors used it every five years to visit Mount Tai".
There are three things that historians in past dynasties have evaluated most about Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty: First, pacify the border troubles and expand the territory; The second is to respect Confucianism and govern the country; The third is "worship of ghosts and gods".
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty left three famous relics, namely, Tang Ming, Bai Han and the tablet without words.
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Editor of the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty
Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty
Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty (6 BC ~ 57 AD)
The founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Uncle Wen. Nanyang (now southwest of Zaoyang, Hubei Province) was the grandson of Liu Bang IX, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, and his father Qin was the prefect of Nan 'an. The name of the temple is the ancestor, Emperor Guangwu. After the uprising of Chimei and Lvlin broke out, in 22 AD, he and his brother revolted in Fuling (now Zaoyang South, Hubei Province) to restore Liu's rule and form the "Fuling Army". In June of the first year of Jianwu (AD 25), with the support of his ministers, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor in (now Baixiangbei, Hebei Province), rebuilt the Han regime, and soon made Luoyang his capital, known as the Eastern Han Dynasty in history. 12 years later, Liu Xiu finally completed the great cause of reunification.
In order to consolidate the newly established feudal regime in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu learned from historical experience and adopted a series of policies and measures to strengthen imperial power and ease class contradictions. Concentrate on bookstores; Streamline the organization and reduce redundant staff; Advocating Confucianism and honesty; Pay attention to people's livelihood and share the same interest with the people; Due to the implementation of various policies and measures to varying degrees, it created favorable conditions for the recovery and development of social production, which greatly increased the cultivated land and population, thus laying a material foundation for the country's prosperity in the early 80 years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The period of his rule is called "Zhongxing" in history.
Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, was one of the famous feudal emperors in the history of China. Historically, he was both civil and military, open-minded and generous. He is good at using troops, knowing people and doing their duty well, and is good at winning more with less and winning by surprise. He pays attention to strategy and has a keen political vision.
After the reunification of the country, Guangwu can still be conscientious and diligent in political affairs. "Every time I look at the DPRK, the night is a night." The policies and measures he implemented not only safeguarded the feudal rule in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but also safeguarded national unity and relied on the people to promote social and economic development.
Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor in 25 AD, died in 57 AD, and reigned for 33 years. His worship of Mount Tai has changed a little dramatically.
In the 32nd year of Jianwu (AD 56), in the first month, Liu Xiuye read "The River Map Will Always Be Blessed" and decided to meditate on Mount Tai.
Liu Xiucai, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, ascended the throne for thirty-two years. On the grounds of "being ordered to rejuvenate the country", he climbed Mount Tai to worship Zen in February 56 AD.
When Qin Shihuang went to Mount Tai, everything was a secret. Sima Qian lamented that there was no way to prove it. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went to Mount Tai with few followers, so both Historical Records and Hanshu are very vague. Only Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, has been to Mount Tai with many followers, and the relevant records are correct:
After Liu Xiu worshiped Mount Tai, China entered a period of chaos and division in the Three Kingdoms, the Second Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties for nearly 500 years. For 500 years, Mount Tai has been lonely and desolate.
Mount Tai edited by the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty Tang Gaozong
Emperor Taizong tried to worship Mount Tai, but failed.
(599-649), the second son of Li Yuan and Queen Dou was married, which initiated the famous "Zhenguan rule" in history.
In the fifth year of Zhenguan (63 1), the ministers invited Taizong to worship Mount Tai, but Taizong refused.
In the sixth year of Zhenguan, the minister or minister once again asked for a amenorrhea ceremony. In order to show off achievements and national prosperity, only Wei Zhi objected. Wei Zhi quoted classics, his words were sincere and his loyalty was beyond words. Emperor Taizong had nothing to refute and decided not to meditate on Mount Tai for the time being.
In 64 1 AD, Emperor Taizong finally sent a letter to Mount Tai, but when the bus arrived in Luoyang, a comet crossed the sky, and soon there was a war on the border, so Emperor Taizong had to go home. His dream was finally realized by his sons Li Zhi and Wu Zetian, who was the last daughter-in-law of his concubine.
Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian sealed Mount Tai together.
Tang Gaozong Li Zhi (628 ~ 683), the ninth son of Emperor Taizong, was made a prince in 643 because of "benevolence and filial piety". He ascended the throne at the age of 22 and reigned for 35 years. In the last years of Emperor Xuanqing (656 ~ 66 1), Emperor Taizong was dazed by the wind and had many difficulties in managing government affairs. Wu Zetian was able to gradually master the state affairs. Therefore, Gao Zong was evaluated as "cowardly and incompetent" by later generations.
After Li Zhi acceded to the throne, although incompetent, he was kind-hearted, with the foundation of "Zhenguan rule" and the assistance of famous ministers such as Sun Chang Wuji and Chu Suiliang. Wu Zetian is capable and capable, but after 34 years in office, the world is peaceful and the production is developed. Historians have the reputation of "the rule of eternal emblems".
Under the urging of ministers, especially under the "dark praise" of Empress Wu Zetian, Li Zhi decided to seal Mount Tai with the Empress.
The time for Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and Wu Zetian to observe Zen was chosen at the beginning of the year-the Spring Festival, a traditional festival of our people. There were many believers, and governors and ethnic minorities from all over the world attended the grand event, which attracted people's attention.
According to Old Tang Book, Emperor Li Zhi and Wu Zetian arrived in Jizhou (now Jinan City, Shandong Province) in the middle and late twelfth month of this year, lived in Jizhou for ten days, and went from Jizhou to Taishan on New Year's Eve. Lingyan Temple, a Buddhist resort in Beijing, started a series of sacrificial activities in Taishan on the second day of the first month (February 1 1 day, 666).
The existing "Shuangliang Monument" in Dai Temple is commonly known as "Yuanyang Monument". This monument is engraved with seven statues built in Taishan by Li Zhi of Emperor Taizong, Wu Zetian, Li Xian of Zhongzong, Li Dan of Zong Rui, Li Longji of Xuanzong, Li Yu of Daizong and Shili of Dezong. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty closed his doors to Zen.
Li Longji (685 ~ 762) was the grandson of Wu Zetian. Tang Ruizong's third son, Li Dan. Good at riding and shooting, versatile temperament. In 7 13, Li Longji pre-empted Princess Taiping and her remaining party. Change to Kaiyuan. From Kaiyuan to Tianbao for more than forty years, the Tang Dynasty entered the heyday of political stability. History is called "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng"
As the sixth emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty reigned for 44 years. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, selecting talents and making great efforts to govern the country set off another climax of the country's prosperity since the Tang Dynasty, and a "golden age" appeared. The courtiers wrote to ask Xuanzong to seal Mount Tai in Dongyue. After some humility, Xuanzong readily agreed to go to Mount Tai for a meditation ceremony in 725 AD, 65438+February, 16.
In October of the 12th year of Kaiyuan (725), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty led hundreds of officials, nobles and foreign envoys to meditate on Mount Tai in the East. The ceremony of closing the Zen Buddhism followed the old system of sealing the Zen Buddhism. After the Zen seal, Mount Tai was named "King of Heaven and Qi", and the ceremony was improved by three grades.
Xuanzong personally wrote the book "The inscription of Mount Ji", which was engraved on the Daguan Peak at Daiding, and ordered Zhang Shuo, the assistant minister of the Central Plains, to write "Ode to the altar", and Su Shu, the minister of the Ministry of Rites, to write "Ode to the altar", all of which were stone carvings.
Tang Cliff Monument, 13.3 meters high, 5.7 meters wide, with 24 lines of inscriptions, full of 5 1 word; The monument is 3.95 meters high, and the official script is "the inscription on Mount Ji". Cliff tablet is engraved with the words *** 1008, which is a chronicle tablet of Tang Xuanzong praising Mount Tai and has been gilded many times. It is enormous, flying with a bow, dazzling with golden light and spectacular. The inscription * * * is divided into five paragraphs: firstly, it describes the original reason for the closure of Zen Buddhism and the style of the closure of Mount Tai in Dongyue by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty: "Six divisions Huang Zhang, nine houses wavered, flags were put on the table, and the soldiers and horses did not move, so that they dissolved their wings, resulting in the replacement of the Sect"; The second paragraph examines the origin of Zen.
Reform the old system of "keeping secrets but not spreading them" and publicly declare that they are praying for "the blessing of the people"; The third paragraph describes the closing ceremony, eulogizing that the world is peaceful and the country is rich and strong; The fourth paragraph is Li Longji's determination to protect Tianlu forever. The fifth paragraph eulogizes the achievements of five sages, such as Gaozu, Taizong, Gaozong, Zhongzong and Zong Rui, in the form of inscriptions, further demonstrates the reform spirit of "sincerely moving the heavens and blessing our nation's name", and admonishes the latecomers that "the Tao is observing politics, and the name is not what they want", which embodies the ambitious and pragmatic characteristics of Xuanzong in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The inscription is an official script with elegant words and fonts, which has both the legacy of ancient Li and the new realm of Tang Dynasty. Wang Shizhen, a historian and writer in the Ming Dynasty, commented: "Cliffs are written in heaven, and if a phoenix flies to Yun Biao at noon, it will fly for its color." Because this monument is highly respected by scholars of all ages, it is well protected. On the west side of the inscription, the original titles of princes and ministers are engraved in several layers; When Tang Gaozong sealed Mount Tai, China calligrapher Li An wrote Ode to Zen in the first year of Ganfeng (666), which was later destroyed.
Jade Butterfly in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty: There was a son of Emperor Taizong who dared to tell the gods in heaven: Shili, Apocalypse and Prosperous Land. Gaozu and Taizong were ordered to stand, Gaozong was promoted to middle school, and Liuhe flourished. Zhongzong Shaofu, the successor is undecided. As far as God is concerned, Chen Xi is loyal to martial arts, while the bottom is hard to push the Holy Father. Gongcheng Dabao, ten years. If you respect God's will, the four seas will feast. Sacrifice Dai Yue, thank God. Blessed are children and grandchildren.
The first jade book of Tang Xuanzong Zen Society: only in the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan, the second year, and the eleventh day of Xin Mao. Longji, the son of the emperor, dared to tell the emperor that the son of the emperor kept his reputation, believed that he was lucky, followed the meaning of the earth, and thought that he was very human, and he dared not recover until now. Lai Kun has no dragon soul, no tin scenery, and resources are planted in ordinary classes, only rich in exhibition. When I hold an exhibition, I will patrol and report my merits. I respect jade, silk, sacrifice, prosperity and common customs. It shows my sincerity to prepare this gift. The real emperor of Zong Rui is the great sage in charge of God. Shangyi
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5 Editor-in-Chief "The Last Emperor of Mount Tai who closed his eyes and meditated".
Zhao Heng, Song Zhenzong
Song Zhenzong has a high yield
In October of the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1008), Song Zhenzong set out from Bianjing, rode a horde and sealed Mount Tai in Dongyue.
Change Ganfeng County to Fengfu County; Mount Tai was named "the Holy Emperor of Heaven and Qi"; The goddess of Mount Tai is called "Fairy and Jade Girl Bi Xia Yuan Jun"; On the east side of the Tang Cliff on the top of Mount Tai, the inscription "Xie Tianshu narrates double saints and merits" is engraved.
Zhao Wangdan wrote Ode to the Altar, Wang Qinruo wrote Ode to the First Altar of the Country, and Chen Yaocuo wrote Ode to the Altar of Hajj. All three of them stood at the foot of the mountain. At present, only Wang Dan's Ode to the Altar is still preserved in the courtyard of Dai Temple.
First, the origin of emperor meditation
1, meaning meditation. The so-called "sealing" is to gather soil at the top of Mount Tai to worship the altar. The so-called "Zen" is to find a hill at the foot of Mount Tai and sweep out a pure land to worship the land. The ancients thought that "the height of the sky is high, the thickness of the earth is virtue" and "the height of the sky cannot reach Mount Tai". Therefore, in order to thank God for his kindness, all the so-called emperors who were "ordered by heaven" went to worship Mount Tai near the gods: to accumulate soil for the altar, which meant to increase the height of Mount Tai and express their gratitude for their mighty kindness; In the hills near Mount Tai, such as Fu Liang and Shetou, soil was accumulated to increase the width and thickness of the land, in order to thank the God of the earth for his gift to all things.
2. Zen originated from the primitive worship of human beings.
Primitive worship (including nature worship, ancestor worship and reproductive worship) is one of the earliest quasi-religious forms of mankind. The objects of worship are the sun, moon, stars, history, mountains and rivers, land and other natural objects closely related to human production and life.
The sun brings light, warmth and life to everything in the world, and human beings have worshipped the sun since ancient times.
The sun rises in the east, so the east is the place where all things develop and yin and yang alternate, so the worship of the east arises.
Geographically, Mount Tai is located in the east of China, so it became the best place for the emperor to talk with heaven. Legend has it that Pangu opened the world, and after his death, his head turned into Dongyue, facing the East.
3. "Chai Wang", the predecessor of meditation system.
"Chai Wang" is the oldest ceremony to worship heaven, and it is the product of the combination of primitive worship and primitive rule.
When primitive society evolved into clan tribes and developed into the embryonic form of the country, tribal leaders often embodied their ruling areas through primitive worship such as mountain worship.
This means of rule, recorded in history, is "hunting patrol"
Hunting patrol is a kind of political ceremony with patrol nature. It is mainly related to the worship of mountains in primitive nature worship.
When Shun traveled to Mount Tai, he personally lit firewood at the top of the pole. "Burning firewood to worship heaven" means communicating with heaven, managing the people on behalf of heaven, managing things far from heaven and governing heaven. God bless him. This is called "firewood burning God". At the same time, Shun looked around in turn. At the same time, the four tribes climbed mountains in China to worship Mount Tai. This is called "looking at the mountains and rivers".
Together, the whole ceremony is called "Chai Wang"
Obviously, the combination of hunting patrol and Chai Wang was the ruling means during the tribal alliance period. Its institutionalization shows the emergence of the embryonic form of the primitive country. This religious ceremony made the tribes living in the Yellow River valley gradually form a hazy national consciousness, cultivated the centripetal force and cohesion of the same body, made theological and secular political preparations for the final integration of this region into the nation-state and the Chinese nation, and completed the paving of culture and consciousness.
As the highest mountain in the East, Mount Tai combines the worship of the sun, the east and the mountains in primitive religion, thus forming a unified worship of Mount Tai. And naturally become the sacred mountain of the ancestors of the Chinese nation.
Since then, offering sacrifices to Mount Tai has become the dream of kings of past dynasties. Historical Records, Guan Chan Lu, Lun Heng and Han Shi Zhuan all recorded the fact that 72 kings sealed Mount Tai since Emperor Yan.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huangong, the "Nine Kings conquered the world", tried to close the Zen ceremony, but was stopped by Guan Zhong, a famous minister, because Xiangrui was not present, that is, the Emperor of Heaven refused to admit it. Lu's family has also been to Mount Tai, which was ridiculed by Confucius as unqualified.
4. Put forward the theory of closed-door Zen.
Mount Tai has been lonely for 800 years since the last king Zhou Chengwang sacrificed to it. During this period, earth-shaking changes have taken place in China, from slavery to a centralized feudal unified country.
During the fierce conflict of the Warring States period, scholars foresaw that a higher form of unified country was about to emerge. Theoretically, they began to create a theoretical basis for this new change. Its representative figure is Zou Yan, a thinker of Jixia Academy in Linzi, the capital of Qi State. His theory is "the theory of the five virtues of Yin and Yang"
Zou Yan believes that a country can't have a surname forever, and the change of surname is the result of five forces that control the universe: wood, fire, water, earth and gold. The change of dynasties is "walking with heaven and accepting the fate of heaven." In order to make the new dynasty gain the legitimacy of "inheriting heaven at the historic moment" and announce good luck to the world, a ceremony to worship heaven should be held on Mount Tai. Why did you go to Mount Tai? First, Mount Tai has been an altar for the emperor to worship heaven since ancient times. Second, Mount Tai lives in the East. According to the theory of "Five Elements", the East is the place where Yin and Yang explain and everything develops. Today, on the east wall of Mount Tai Panlu near the worse gate, eight characters are engraved: "Extreme Heaven, Develop Everything".
Zou Yan combined the concept of Yin and Yang and the concept of five elements, which first appeared in the ancient Book of Changes, and advocated the theory of Yin and Yang and five elements to explain the rise and fall of dynasties in history. He believes that the five elements are interdependent and the five virtues are matched, and each dynasty represents one of them, such as Huangdi Shangtu De, Xiashang Tude, Yinshang Jinde and Zhoushang Daode. Five virtues are repeated, and dynasties rise and fall.
Obviously, the theory of five virtues of yin and yang provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of a new dynasty. With the prevalence of the Five Elements, it was used by some idealistic philosophers and endowed with a strong mysticism, which became one of the main sources of the theory of fiber and weft in Han Dynasty.
Excerpt from Baidu Encyclopedia-Zen Festival