the first word "Wen" in classical Chinese means beautiful. The word "Yan" means writing, expressing and recording. The word "classical Chinese" means written language. Classical Chinese is relative to oral language, which is also called vernacular. The last word "Wen" means works, articles, etc., and represents the genre.
"classical Chinese" means "beautiful language articles", which is also called stylistic writing. And "vernacular" means: "articles written in common plain oral language" For example, like now, "Have you eaten?" .
In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in "oral language" (oral language) (written language). For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in oral language as "Have you eaten?" , and expressed in written language, but it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. Here, the noun "Fanbu" is used as a verb, meaning to eat.
Before 1918, all China's articles were written in classical Chinese. Now we generally refer to "ancient Chinese" as "classical Chinese".
In the history of China for thousands of years, the spoken language has changed greatly, but the classical Chinese has maintained a similar format. Classical Chinese can make users of different languages "talk in writing", which is a communication method with a fixed format but not very difficult.
Classical Chinese is a written language based on ancient Chinese. The earliest written language based on spoken language may have been processed. Classical Chinese is an article composed of a written language in ancient China, mainly including the written language based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the articles used to record characters were not invented, but bamboo slips, silk and other things were used to record characters, while silk was expensive, bamboo slips were bulky and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a "roll" of bamboo slips, unimportant words were deleted. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" between the ruling class had been stereotyped, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.
The Ministry of Education has issued the curriculum plan and curriculum standard for senior high schools (217 edition), which requires strengthening the education of Chinese excellent traditional culture and revolutionary tradition. In particular, the Chinese curriculum standard runs through all parts of the Chinese curriculum, requiring students to widely read excellent ancient poems from pre-Qin to late Qing dynasties and recite 72 (first) classic works. Read the famous poems of revolutionary ancestors, enhance cultural self-confidence and implant red genes.
So it is necessary to study classical Chinese. 2. The more opposing views on "Do you want to learn classical Chinese well?" The better.
We don't advocate writing classical Chinese, because we modern people speak modern language and write modern Chinese. For example, we can't use classical Chinese in English at the United Nations. Of course, the CPC Central Committee should use modern language in issuing statements and engaging in business activities. So we primary and secondary school students should focus on learning modern Chinese. I think we should learn classical Chinese. The purpose is to know about the literary talent of our ancient culture in China, to know about the glory of our ancient culture in China, to make them a little interested and have a sense of national pride, but the main time and energy should be spent on learning modern Chinese well. At present, classical Chinese accounts for 5% in senior high school textbooks, but we have studied it for more than 5%, and we have got less than 2%. Therefore, we are overwhelmed by the study of classical Chinese. Those rural areas with low education can't even teach modern Chinese well, let alone classical Chinese. I think the basis of learning modern Chinese well is to learn standard modern Chinese well. Vernacular Chinese has always had its own products. It didn't evolve from classical Chinese. Modern vernacular evolved from modern vernacular, and modern vernacular evolved from medieval vernacular. I don't agree with Mr. Han here. He said that only by learning classical Chinese well can we learn colloquialism well, which is misleading. For example, I can't get drunk until I eat, and I can't get drunk until I drink. You can't say that I will get drunk when I eat, right? ! Mr. Zhu Ziqing said that vernacular is much more refined and rigorous than classical Chinese, so why not take the time to learn it? Classical Chinese can't be used as a necessary learning condition for modern Chinese. If we learn classical Chinese well, we can certainly learn vernacular Chinese. I don't think there is an inevitable logical connection. For example, Kong Yi is full of words, but in fact his classical Chinese is not good. We don't need to learn vernacular Chinese by learning classical Chinese, but we can learn it from the vernacular books we are in contact with now. Lu Xun and Guo Moruo are both literary masters, but they also write vernacular Chinese. They experienced the times of classical Chinese and experienced the situation of classical Chinese, so during the May 4th Movement, they put forward to oppose the old literature and advocate the new literature through the new culture. If every pore of Lu Xun had been soaked in the sauce jar of classical Chinese, he could not have become Lu Xun, who was the main leader of the new culture movement. He used modern ideas, modern concepts and modern thinking. We should speak in classical Chinese, publish articles and engage in negotiations. It's an iron fact that classical Chinese has no vitality until now. Humans have created all the knowledge, and no one in the world can master it all. Therefore, our society must divide the work, in the words of ordinary people, knock gongs and sell sugar, and do their own work. In the words of Han Yu, there is a specialization in the art. After entering the university, it is necessary for this part of the people who study the history of Chinese mathematics to master classical Chinese. However, That is to say, we don't advocate all primary and secondary school students to devote a lot of energy to learning classical Chinese, because most of them will be workers, farmers, businessmen and leading cadres in the future, which may not be necessary. I can say that in our Chinese department, ancient Chinese is the most troublesome course for Chinese students. Some of our college students say that reading a few pages of ancient Chinese texts before going to bed at night can replace taking sleeping pills. I think from primary school to now, I have never been particularly interested in classical Chinese, because I don't have that kind of learning environment. As a primary school student, when you tell him "and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea", he doesn't understand the meaning at all. He can only recite it with his head shaking. Parents watch their children recite these things all day, and when they are struggling to recite them, they must feel very uncomfortable. I think there is another simple reason. Our language is used for communication, so that everyone can understand it first, that is to say, primary school students should be able to communicate with others first. Another thing, parents now teach their children in the vernacular at birth anyway. They should return to the basic things and apply what they have learned. Some people speak vernacular or classical Chinese, and it is all Chinese. The fundamental function of language is communication. This is spoken and written, and it is still a tool for thinking. I do admit it. Classical Chinese is concise, but sometimes it is difficult for us to understand because it is too concise. Just when we study The Story of Yueyang Tower, we are involved in the interpretation of a word. In the textbook, "the next year" means the third year, but our Chinese teacher said that it was just revised in this year's new textbook, and then I felt that it made me have a question. The annotation of classical Chinese was given by predecessors and then changed, so we learned it in this way. So there is no need to learn classical Chinese. I want to ask you a question. On April 22nd, China Education Newspaper put forward such a view that "We can't find our way home without learning classical Chinese". What I want to ask you is, where is our home? Mr. Lu Xun said that when I opened the history, it was full of benevolence, righteousness and morality. After reading it carefully for a long time, I saw two words eating people from the cracks. This country is a home full of ethics programs of monarch, monarch, minister, father and son, and a strict feudal hierarchy. This home has no human rights, no equality and no laws. Should we take the vast number of teenagers back? We want to inherit the excellent cultural heritage, but we don't have to understand it deeply. Classical Chinese itself has a certain depth and difficulty. It is impossible for everyone to understand it and understand the truth. Since it is difficult, why can't it be inherited like classical music and folk dance? Instead of asking everyone, I want to distinguish one of the most basic concepts: learning, appreciation and edification. What we disapprove of is the proportion of strong classical Chinese in basic education, rather than opposing the edification of classical Chinese. It is also the mentality of contacting classical Chinese, which has two different concepts. One is the tradition of national history and culture that has accumulated behind me for thousands of years. We can rely on it as a big tree, not the burden on each of us. 3. Should middle school students learn ancient Chinese
The answer from the guests on the second floor is too ostentatious, which makes people have to doubt the purity of your answer to this question. Are you advertising or instructing other schools how to teach students to learn ancient Chinese? China's education system is already very complicated, which is not bad for your "golden advice".
I think it is necessary for middle school students to learn ancient Chinese, but they should not deviate from the correct direction of learning, and should have a simple and direct purpose. If the purpose is correct, should they learn or not? I think the owner of the question should have an answer himself. The following are three purposes that I think middle school students should learn classical Chinese: First, improve their literary level: to understand the gap between the complicated classical Chinese and the simple and straightforward vernacular Chinese, and to master the methods from simple to complex and from complex to simple (just to give one example, there are too many word structures, techniques and writing skills in ancient Chinese, and there are many examples), so as to achieve the goal of turning it into their own use, and to dance with a pen, which is both simple and complex.
second, we can see the present situation through ancient examples: the study of ancient Chinese prose is not only literature, but also has a unique historical background. To read an article, we should not only look at the writing and sentence making, but also combine it with the historical background at that time, so as to know what it is and why it is. Then apply it in your own articles and life to avoid taking the wrong road and standing in the wrong team.
third, it is beneficial to the cultivation of mentality: most people who study and like ancient Chinese have a * * * nature, and they are like a Muxi spring, standing in troubled times and keeping their sentiments. A good mentality can not only withstand repression in real life, but also withstand tempering. The fullness of spirit is better than the height of appearance! The above three points are actually applicable to all China people, that is to say, it is necessary not only for middle school students to learn ancient Chinese, but also for China people! Go back to the starting point and see if the purpose is correct. The first purpose, in life, even if it is a worker's job, it is necessary to submit a resume (those who take the back to pull relationships don't think so). If you can show your talents in the square inch of paper, it will have no influence on your future; The second purpose is that the thinking of the ancients is the best learning material, and it is much better to get what is right and lose what is wrong than to know that the front is a "wall" after the nose is "flattened". Third, in today's society, too many young people who are eager for success are deformed by the human nature pulled by society. Without "internal strength", they can't become masters. Without "connotation", they are just a stinking bag at best; To sum up, I think it is very necessary for middle school students to learn ancient Chinese, and they should be able to use it after learning it. Otherwise, they will become learning for the sake of learning, and it is better not to learn it because of formalism.
China's educational constitution can't be changed in a day or two, but our thoughts and goals can be mastered by ourselves. Do you want to learn? How to learn? Should I learn? How should I learn? I think the questioner should already have the answer. 4. Should middle school students learn classical Chinese
1. The question of whether they should learn classical Chinese is not a question, especially one that middle school students can choose. What this means is that in order to accept the status quo, some students often look for it out of their resistance to classical Chinese, but they can't find the meaning of learning classical Chinese, so they ask whether they should learn it. This is a knowledge and an essential content of learning, so it is not negotiable.
2. Make it clear that you should learn. This is first and foremost the need for cultural inheritance. Although some cultures can't be seen or touched, they are the root and soul of a nation. The life contained in classical Chinese is actually the crystallization of China's ancestors' serious thinking, which also has profound enlightenment significance for us now. Secondly, the language of classical Chinese is concise, refined and concise, with one as ten. Mr. Lu Xun's writing is so sharp and tasteful, and one of the merits should be attributed to his profound knowledge of classical Chinese. Not to mention the whole, but to quote the words of the ancients directly can also increase the literary talent and thickness of words.