Poets of adherents: In the early Qing Dynasty, there were a group of poets who entered the Qing Dynasty from the Ming Dynasty. They maintained national integrity, kept in mind the war and sufferings of the people in the late Qing Dynasty, and adopted an uncooperative attitude towards the rulers of the Qing Dynasty politically. Refuse to be an official. They used poems to expose the atrocities of the Qing soldiers, praised the heroic resistance to the Qing Dynasty, adhered to national integrity, and pinned their grief for the motherland. Their poetry style is generous, desolate, passionate and tragic. Such poets are called adherents' poets, and their representatives are Gu, Wu Jiaji and Qu Dajun.
Together with Wei and Wang Wan, they are also called "three masters in the early Qing Dynasty". (prose)
Tongcheng School: It is the largest prose school in China in Qing Dynasty, also known as Tongcheng School of China ancient literature, and internationally known as Tongcheng School. It has a long literary tradition, profound literary theory, rich and honest works, which are popular all over the country and enjoy a high reputation overseas. It occupies a prominent position in the history of ancient literature in China, and it is a monument in the traditional culture of the Chinese nation. Dai Mingshi, Fang Bao, Liu Dakui and Yao Nai are known as the "four ancestors" of Tongcheng School.