The first part of the head office is:
Five hundred miles of Dianchi Lake, rushing to the fundus. I was very happy when I was lying on the shore. The east sees God, the west sees spirit, the north sees collaterals and the south sees mourning. It is better to choose the winner than to board the board. Riding on the crab island and Luozhou, combing in the wind and fog. More reeds are dotted with some jade feathers and Danxia. Not lonely: fragrant rice and clear sand all around, hibiscus in September and willow in March.
The bottom line is:
A thousand years of past events, noted in my heart, make the wine empty, sigh who is the hero? I want to learn from China Ship, Tang Biao Iron Column, Song yu fu and Yuan Dynasty Leather Bag. Wei Lie played an important role in moving mountains and rivers. Draw a building with a bead curtain, and the volume is not as good as the sunset rain. Then I broke the wreckage and gave it all to the pale smoke. Only win: a few minutes, half a river fishing, two rows of autumn geese, a pillow clearing frost.
-Sun Youti Kunming Daguanlou
The following are comments and appreciation of Yunnan Daguanlou Changlian.
Note (1) 500 Li: "Yunnan Tongzhi Geography": "Dianchi Lake is a giant immersion in the south, with a circumference of more than 500 Li."
(2) Ai: an ancient headscarf.
(3) Shen Jun: refers to Jinma Mountain in the east of Kunming.
(4) gas lift.
(5) paranormal: it refers to Jibi Mountain in the west of Kunming.
(6) Winding: It refers to the Snake Mountain in the north of Kunming.
(7) White clover: refers to the White Crane Mountain in the west of Kunming.
(8) Crab Island Luozhou: refers to a small island or sandbar shaped like a crab in Dianchi Lake.
(9) Fengwu Temple: a metaphor for swaying weeping willows.
Cui Yu: A turquoise bird.
(1 1) Danxia: Danhong Xia Yun.
(12) Nine summers: 90 days in summer.
(13) Hibiscus: Lotus.
(14) Han Xilouchuan: According to Records of the Historian Pinghuai Biography, in 120 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "overhauled Kunchi and ruled Louchuan ..." In order to train the navy, the road from Dianchi Lake to India was opened.
(15) Tang Biao Iron Column: Tubo Biography of the New Tang Dynasty. In 707 AD, Tubo and Yaozhou were at the junction, and "Nine Expropriations Destroyed the Foreign City, and Iron Pillars were built in Dianchi Lake to make contributions".
(16) yu fu, Song Hua: Yufu is an antique in the study, used for paperweight. Song Ji: In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, "Wang Quanbin wanted to take advantage of the situation to offer Yunnan. Emperor Tianbao of Tang Jian caused a disaster in Nanzhao, and Yu Fu painted the west of Dadu River, saying,' Besides, it's not me!' "
(17) crossing the skins in the Yuan Dynasty: Biography of the Yuan Dynasty, A.D. 1252, "Kublai Khan marched in Dali to cross the Dadu River to Jinsha River and crossed it by skin raft."
(18) Broken tablet: The tablet of "merit" erected by emperors in past dynasties was broken with the passage of time.
(19) Sun Huzi, whose real name is Beard Weng, whose real name is Yi 'an, whose real name is "Curse the Old Man with Charm" and "Wan Shumei is dressed in Chinese clothes". Born in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, he died in Qianlong period at the age of 80. Sun Zui worked hard all his life and wrote many books, including Jin Sha Shi Hua Cao and Yong Yan Tang Shi Hua. I made up poems of Zhou Dynasty and Yunnan, but I lost them. Only Sun Ranweng's remaining poems and southern Yunnan's poems have been handed down in the world. His most famous work is "The Dragon Couplet in Kunming Daguanlou", which is known as "the first dragon couplet in the world".
(20) Daguanlou: Located on the bank of Dianchi Lake in the western suburbs of Kunming, it is now in Daguanlou Park in Kunming. Gardens were first built in the Ming Dynasty. Daguanlou was built in the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1696). Sun Zui's couplets hung in front of the building, which were printed by Lu Shutang, a famous scholar in Kunming, and were destroyed by soldiers in the seventh year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1857). The existing three-story building was built in the fifth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1866), and the couplet was written by Zhao Fan from Jianchuan, Yunnan Province in the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888).
About the author: Sun Youwen, whose name is Yi 'an, is from Kunming. Smart and versatile since childhood, he was named "Wan Shumei Huayi Cloth". On the occasion of Gan Yong, which is strictly forbidden by literature, the long couplet of 180, which melts emotions in Daguanlou, caused a sensation in the poetry circle for a while and is a pearl in the couplet library of our country. 1983 was announced as a cultural relic protection unit in Yunnan province. The first part describes the scenery of Dianchi Lake, and the second part writes the history of Yunnan, which is a masterpiece through the ages.
Appreciating the Grand View Tower is magnificent. The first part is about the scenery of Dianchi Lake, just like the travel notes of Dianchi Lake; The second part of Yunnan History is like an essay on reading history. The word Quanlian 180 is like a vivid, colorful and affectionate parallel prose, with witty remarks like pearls and catchy words. Lenovo's image is rich, full of emotion, and achieved in one go. Known as the first long couplet at home and abroad, it is also one of the national key protected cultural relics.
The first couplet highlights the word "Xi", overflowing, and draws a landscape painting with Dianchi Lake characteristics. When the author went upstairs, he first wrote about the vast and boundless Yunnan Sea in front of him, and the joy of the author to look at the sea by opening his skirt and his headscarf. Then write about the landscape around Daguanlou: Jinma Mountain in the east is like the god of running horses, Bijia Mountain in the west is like a phoenix with wings, Snake Mountain in the north is like a crawling snake, and Heshan Mountain in the south is like a crane with wings. Looking around the building, I returned to the vast Dianchi Lake, with crabs and conch-shaped islands dotted with willows swaying like girls' hair. Clusters of water plants and rustling reeds are like colorful feathers of birds dotted with clouds and Xia Hong in the water. Earlier, after seeing Dianchi Lake and the surrounding mountains, the author once expressed the feeling of literati, why not choose the high-rise building of this resort to enjoy it. Here, after describing the beautiful scenery in front of us, the author sighs again: Don't live up to the beautiful scenery-fragrant rice all around, sparkling, lotus flowers in the midsummer of June, willows in the spring breeze of March. The author expresses his feelings by writing about the scenery, and his relaxed and happy mood emerges from the paper.
The second part summarizes the history of Yunnan, focusing on the word "sigh". Tracing back to the source, the author tells the inevitable law of historical development and changes, and shows a fascinating historical picture. After seeing the beautiful scenery in front of him, the author immediately recalled the ever-changing history of Yunnan and expressed infinite emotion-all the heroes of past dynasties have quietly flowed away with the long river of history: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who regarded heroes as a generation, dug Kunming Pool in Chang 'an to train the water army in order to get through the southwest artery; Emperor Datang once canonized Nanzhao, erected iron pillars, and praised merits; Song Taizu actually waved to her husband, demarcated Xinjiang and made Dali autonomous; Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan went from Gansu to Sichuan, occupied Yunnan, destroyed Dali, conquered Tubo and successfully cut the Central Plains. This series of magnificent scenes exhausted the efforts of the heroes to move mountains and rivers. However, all this, like the morning clouds wandering outside the curtain of the colorful building, disappeared in the yellow rain rustling before the bead curtain was rolled up. Those words of praise for merit follow the broken monument. Buried in the sunset and the smoke of the farmhouse. All we have left is the bell from the temple and the fisherman's light by the river. Two rows of autumn geese flew south into the sky, and the literati who slept in the mountains woke up, and the frost was clear. How can this not make people sigh!
Long couplet lyrical narrative, distinct levels, scene blending; The antithesis is neat and the words are refined; The connotation is beautiful, colorful, delicate and imposing. It is an immortal masterpiece in the history of couplets and has great influence. The couplet of Daguanlou is a mirror of poetry, painting and history, which reveals the historical fate of the inevitable decline of the feudal dynasty. This vision is hidden between the lines of couplets. Because of this, couplets have been tampered with and changed many times in history, but not fade away did. On the contrary, it further emphasized its position in the history of couplets.
Anecdote: Chen Yi read this couplet and wrote a poem on the Daguanlou, praising: "In the eyes of Dianchi Lake, 500 miles has been accompanied by human beings for thousands of years. ..... It is not unfortunate that the poet died of poverty. So far, Changlian is a prophecy. " Guo Moruo once praised: "The long couplet is still on the wall, and the giant letter pen is like a rafter." Mao Zedong, a great man, especially praised the couplets of Daguanlou. According to Yang's recollection, "He can recite some famous couplets in China in one breath, such as the 180-word couplet of Daguanlou in Kunming, and he can recite them".
Attachment: couplet knowledge
Some people think that couplets are a special form of poetry, while others think that couplets belong to the category of parallel prose. Some people say that couplets are a kind of practical writing, while others say that couplets are folk literature. Various, unable to agree. However, from the reference system of China's ancient style, couplets are unique, which is a classical metrical style alongside poems, ci, qu and parallel prose.
First, couplets are not poems.
Many predecessors regarded couplets as a member of the big family of rhymes, or regarded couplets as poems, which were called "pocket poems", "poems with poems" and "two lines of poems". This view can't stand scrutiny. First of all, couplets don't use rhyme, while China's traditional classical poetry (rhyme) rhymes. Rhyme is the most important feature of poetry. Why else does it rhyme? From the four-character poem "The Book of Songs", Sao-style poems, ancient Yuefu poems, ancient poems to modern poems, they all use rhyme. It can be seen that rhyme is the fundamental principle for poetry and antithesis for couplets. Since couplets don't rhyme, how can they be called poems? Moreover, judging from the sentences, the sentences of poetry are generally more organized. Four-character poems have four words in each sentence, and five, six and seven words in each sentence are five, six and seven words respectively. The length of individual sentences in ancient Chinese varies slightly. While couplets are not. The length of sentences can be changed at will, as long as the couplets are paired. It can be seen that couplets do not belong to the category of verse.
Second, couplets are not parallel prose.
Some scholars attribute couplets to parallel prose. For example, Liu of Jinling University included couplets in chapter 11 of his History of Parallel Prose in China (version 1937). Liang Qichao also said: "In parallel prose (couplets), it is only a vassal." The similarity between couplets and parallel prose is undoubtedly antithesis. But obviously, there is a big difference between the two. The antithesis of parallel prose is called parallel prose antithesis. The function words at the end of the first sentence of parallel prose and some sentence components (subject, verb, auxiliary verb, etc. ) is not counted in the antithesis. For example, in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Liu Xie wrote "Wen Xin Diao Long Cai Qing": "A husband can stand on the ground with reason, and his mind is on the ground." The word "empowerment" is not dual. The antithesis of couplets requires strict work stability regardless of the actual situation. Moreover, parallel prose sentences can only be "four or six" sentences, while couplets, as mentioned above, have no limit on the number of words in sentences. From the overall structure, parallel prose is composed of parallel sentences, and couplets are composed of two parallel parts (upper and lower couplets). Couplets and parallel prose are similar, but they are not integrated.
Third, couplets are not a family.
When Song Ci was just flourishing, Li Qingzhao once pointed out that "Ci has its own differences", which was regarded as an incisive view. When dealing with couplets, we should also admit that they are not a family, but rather vassals and tributaries of poetry or parallel prose.
Why are couplets not a family? We can study the evolution and development of China's classical metrical literature. China's classical literature has many styles, which used to be divided into prose and verse. Rhyme includes poems, words, songs and so on. , can also be called "poetry". I think it can be divided into two parts: metrical literature and non-metrical literature. Non-metrical literature is prose in a broad sense, including classical prose and classical novels. The so-called scattered, that is, not bound by procedures and plans. Metric literature includes poems, words, songs, parallel prose, fu and rhyming prose, such as some inscriptions, classics and records. ) and couplets. From the Book of Songs, Chu Ci, Han Fu, Parallel Prose of the Six Dynasties, to Tang Poetry, Song Ci, Yuanqu and Qinglian, China's classical metrical literature has been constantly changing and innovating, forming a variety of styles, structures and rhythms. Taking the formation of metrical poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty as the dividing line, China's classical metrical literature has generally gone through two major processes: construction and deconstruction. From the Zhou and Qin Dynasties to the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it was the construction process of metrical literature. It is manifested in the increase of sentence words and the standardization of sentence structure. Sentence pattern, starting from two words, has reached seven words in Han Dynasty. "Wen Xin Diao Sentence" says: "The word originated from yellow, and so did the ballad of bamboo bombs. Three words are prosperous and dangerous, and the poems of the Fuehrer are true. Four words are wider than summer, and the song of Luoling is true. Five words are found in the Zhou dynasty, and the chapter on the road is also. Six words and seven words are mixed into "poetry" and "Sao". The text of the article was written in the Han Dynasty, and the number of emotions was transported in Zhou, and it was always replaced. " After Qi Liang, he devoted himself to the standardization of sentence structure. The discovery and popularization of the four tones greatly promoted the standardization process. By the Tang Dynasty, the structure of regular poetry and regular fu had been perfected.
From the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, it was the deconstruction process of China's classical metrical literature. On the one hand, "long and short sentences" come from Yuefu, regular poems and quatrains. So "poetry" is deconstructed into "words". On the other hand, "antithetical sentences" were separated from regular poems and parallel prose, and developed into two lines of literature in which regular poems and parallel prose were paired and connected. So "poetry" and "parallel prose" are deconstructed into "couplets". Obviously, couplets are a new style in the deconstruction and development of China's classical metrical literature. Metric literature has its own method, poetry has its own poetic method, words have its own poetic method, and parallel prose also has its own parallel prose method. There is a "couplet method" in couplets. What is "couplet method"? It can be summed up in two words, namely "duality".
To sum up, in terms of style, couplets are neither poems nor parallel prose, let alone special forms of poems or parallel prose. It is another classical metrical style which is juxtaposed with poetry, ci, qu and parallel prose.