What kind of woman is a beauty?

In the endless thoughts of human civilization, beauty is the source of spirit. Different countries and nationalities have their own characteristics and their own understanding of beauty. British men value ladies: they are steady in their work, have proper limit, don't drag their feet, and have a dignified and serious temperament. French men prefer elegant, feminine and charming women. They have strict manners, well-dressed clothes, pay attention to language art when talking with people, and treat people with courtesy. For American men, jeans and sneakers, plus a pair of women with blue eyes, dark skin, moderate breasts and rounded hips, can attract any American. Spanish women should have long hair, wear suits, breast implants and beautiful legs. She should be arrogant and stubborn, and will attract people with her eyes. Italian women wear makeup and perfume, necklaces, bracelets and, of course, attractive skirts. Jesus is the goddess in the Italian mind. Japanese women are dignified and gentle, with a gentle smile and posture. Japanese men attach great importance to women's body shape and emphasize whether their faces and necks are sexy. If someone asks Aristotle, "Why do people long for physical beauty?" His answer is: "As long as he is not blind, he will not ask this question." Beauty captures people's hearts, charms people's hearts and arouses people's emotional flames. From Plato's "metaphysical" philosophy to various exquisite posters written by modern painters, the description of human beauty vividly shows human desire and imagination for beauty. As long as we look through the literature through the ages, it is not difficult to find that human pursuit of beauty runs through the whole human history. For the ancient Greeks, the standard beauty image should be: oval face, smooth forehead, straight nose, almond-shaped eyes and a slightly protruding shirt. In addition, the ancient Greeks who yearned for lofty ideals believed that a beautiful woman should look calm and even slightly serious. Pythagoras, a famous scholar in ancient Greece, put forward the important viewpoint that "everything counts" as early as the fifth century BC. He found that "harmony can produce aesthetic effect, and harmony is derived from a certain number of proportional relations." The "golden ratio" is a harmonious proportional relationship. He found that the fixed ratios of 1: 1.6 18 and 1: 0.6 18 were very beautiful, so they were called "golden ratio". It brings not only the proportion of beauty that people generally think, but also the reflection on the relationship between numbers, art and human beings themselves. During the Renaissance, the standard facial image, in Leonardo's view, should be that the widest part of the face is equal to the length from the lips to the hairline; The width of the mouth is equal to the length of the distance from the lips to the mandible; The distance from lip to mandible is 65438+ 0/4 of face length; The distance between two eyes is equal to the width of one eye; The length in the ear is equal to the length of the nose; The distance from the center of the bridge of the nose to the mandible is 65438+ 0/2 of the face length. China people also have a set of standards for beautiful women. During the Han and Tang dynasties, people advocated bodybuilding, so the beautiful women at that time were often generous and fat, with round shoulders and broad breasts, and looked elegant. After the Song Dynasty, people's requirements for beautiful women gradually tended to be tender and delicate: cutting shoulders, keeping chest flat, bending over and slim feet. The standard of China's traditional beauty is: full oval face, slender eyebrows like curved crescent moon, slender limbs and fingers, delicate skin with reddish white. In western history, however, it has always advocated an oval face, a smooth forehead, a straight nose, almond-shaped eyes and a slightly bulging chest. Similarly, China people attach great importance to the ratio of appearance to figure. First, the face is divided into three points: from the hairline to the forehead, to the court; From the eyebrows to the lower end of the nose is the atrium; The lower part of the nose to the mandibular angle is the lower court; These three courts are basically equal, which is the minimum standard for a beautiful face. Followed by 5 eyes: the width of the face is equal to the width of 5 eyes; The width between the eyes is equal to one eye width, and there is one eye width on the left and right of the eyes. In addition, it should be three: that is, the left and right cheeks have the width of a mouth. As for those with good figure, there is the concept of standing 7: the height of the body when standing is equivalent to the length of 7 heads. In The Book of Songs, there is a phrase "My Fair Lady, My Gentleman is Good at Walking", which expresses the praise for a gentle and kind beauty. There is also a saying, "Men are handsome and well dressed", which expresses appreciation for women who are slender, well-proportioned and plump. At the same time, there is a poem "The other party is the son and friend of Juhe ... the other son is huge and loyal", which shows that men at that time also liked plump, tall and hot women. The free and easy style of beauties in Wei and Jin Dynasties, the graceful and plump beauty of beauties in Tang Dynasty, and even the morbid beauty of women's shoes, bows and socks in Ming and Qing Dynasties can all be verified from poems, poems, calligraphy and painting statues handed down from various times. There is a description of beauty in Luo Shen Fu, which is what we call the standard of beauty. The closer we get to this level, the closer we get to beauty. Song Yu's Ode to a Disciple also says: "The beauty of the world is Mo Ruochu, the beauty of Chu is Mo Ruochen, and the beauty of the minister is the son of Mo Ruochen. For the owner's son, adding one point is too long and reducing one point is too short; Powder is too white, Zhu Taihong; Eyebrows are like jade feathers and muscles are like snow; The waist is like a bundle, and the teeth are like shells; Smile, confuse Yangcheng and fall in love with Cai. This description of beauty is fascinating. She is the standard of beauty and the embodiment of beauty. Any increase or decrease will damage her perfection. In addition to appearance and figure, beauty's manners, temperament, dress and fragrance are all important. Cao Zhi wrote in "Beauty" that "beauty is a demon and idle, taking detours. Ran Ran is full of soft stripes and leaves are falling. The rolled-up sleeves are clearly visible in her hands, and a gold bracelet is worn on her white wrist. She wears a sparrow gold hairpin on her head and an emerald green jade on her waist. The pearls are shining, and corals and pearls are interspersed. Luo Yi is swaying, fluttering and returning with the wind. Looking forward to glory, whistling like the sky. "Describe a mulberry-picking woman, with gorgeous appearance, demure personality, graceful movements, graceful posture, graceful posture, decent clothes, vivid expression, full of longing for life, and wonderful blowing. These are all necessary for a beautiful woman. Zhang Chao in Qing Dynasty said: "The so-called beauty takes flowers as the pose, birds as the sound, the moon as the god, dimension as the pose, jade as the bone, ice as the skin, autumn water as the pose and poetry as the heart, which makes me feel at ease. "Maybe such a beauty has never appeared. But in the poems of the ancients, their existence can often be clearly felt. Perhaps the most beautiful appearance only exists in our imagination. /kloc-The changing track of China's aesthetic standards since 0/00 is that at the beginning of the 20th century, foreign goods, missionaries and mass media introduced the western lifestyle into China. A book advocating feminist movement, Women's Clock, came into being. The book is not only strongly worded, but also strongly criticizes foot-binding, advocating that women "cut their hair, read books and participate in politics". This is a metabolic period. At least in the minds of young people, worshipping foreign things and admiring foreign countries can be equated with patriotism. The women's liberation movement, which improved slightly at the beginning of the century, began to take root in people's hearts. The women's liberation movement began with free love and marriage, and new weddings became popular in cities. The "New Culture Movement" had a great influence on women in this period. Women in this period wore narrow and slender turtlenecks and long black dresses, and their clothes were relatively simple, while accessories such as hairpins, bracelets, earrings and rings were rarely used. The May 4th Movement in the 1920s was like a fresh wind, which suddenly injected fresh air into the once depressed society. It was at the beginning of this era that the new poet Liu Bannong creatively added the word "she" to Chinese characters, and the new vernacular poem "How can I not miss her" created to promote the word "she" became the note of this era. In 1930s, the new style of Paris crossed the ocean and became popular in Shanghai within a few months. Later, it became popular in other cities across the country. Major newspapers and periodicals have also opened up clothing columns and invited famous painters to draw fashion illustrations. The smash hit "Fashion Meitu" monthly magazine contributed to the popularity of civilized new clothes. What fashion or fashion did they talk about in the 1940 s when materials were scarce and people were worried? War makes life as light as a feather, even beautiful women are no exception. In 1950s, with the founding of New China, women held up half the sky. A large number of women have broken away from the shackles of their families and have their own jobs and careers. These women have won unanimous praise from the society. Regardless of family background, education level, working environment and personal interests, the image of a female college student who is willing to marry an unknown soldier, worker and farmer has also become a beautiful image of an era. The 1960s was a turbulent and passionate era. The world recovered from the shadow of World War II and became unrestrained and sexy. But that's all outside the country. In China, the 1960s was a uniform school, even so neat that there was no gender difference. The relationship between men and women is simplified as "comrade", "comrade-in-arms" and "class relationship", and the beautiful women are replaced by the words "iron girl team" and "women's oil extraction team". In the 1970s, the strangled love between men and women gradually woke up among the educated youth, which was marked by the popularity of love songs and love poems. Since 1969, singing love songs and copying love poems have always been the fashion of educated youth. But that's a secret. In the 1980s, "material culture" began to show its power, and fashion had a high-priced label for the first time. Oriental beauty no longer pursues simple pleasing, but its inner personality and charm are the most powerful weapons. The 1990s was the age of information explosion, and everyone tried their best to be beautiful. The classic beauty image has become a thing of the past, the standards for judging beauty are no longer so uniform, and the makeup technology is becoming more and more sophisticated. More and more people believe that everyone can become a beauty at all costs.