Tang Libai
My hair barely covers my forehead. I pick flowers by the door and pay for them.
When you, my love, ride a bamboo horse (4), trot around the circle and swing your childhood (5).
We live together in an alley in Qingkan, both young and happy.
When I was fourteen, I became your wife. I was too shy to laugh once.
I bowed my head and went to the dark corner, unwilling to pay attention to your thousands of calls.
But at the age of fifteen, I raised my eyebrows and said with a smile, I know that no dust can seal our love.
I will wait for you in my post until I die, and I will not lose heart in the silent watchtower.
When I was sixteen years old, you embarked on a long journey, crossing the Qingtang Canyon full of rocks and swirling water.
Then in the fifth month, I couldn't help it anymore. The ape shouted in the sky.
I watched you walk by the door, your footprints, each hidden under the green moss.
Hiding under the moss is too deep to sweep away, and the first autumn wind adds leaves.
Butterfly yellow ⒂ in August, two by two hovering in the grass of our west garden.
Moreover, because of all this, my heart has been broken, and I am worried about my bright cheeks, lest they fade.
Oh, finally, when you come back through the three public administrative districts of ⒅, send me a message in advance to go home! .
I'll pick you up, and I won't mind the distance trick, until Sha Changfeng's trick.
To annotate ...
(1) Long March, Yuefu's old title "Zaqu Geci" was originally a folk song in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which originated from "Shangqing Xi Qu" and wrote more about the life of boatmen and women. Cui Hao also wrote four Long March poems in the form of quatrains. Chang Gan, a place name, is located in Qinhuai River, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province. In ancient times, there was a village near the Yangtze River. Line is a genre of ancient poetry.
⑵ Concubine, an ancient woman called herself. The initial coverage refers to short hair.
(3) Drama and games.
(4) Riding a bamboo horse, children use bamboo poles as horses when playing games.
5] bed, here refers to the seat. Doby.
[6] Without doubt, it is innocence.
The phrase "shame" means that I have been ashamed since I got married. See the following two sentences for details. Yes, The Complete Works of Tang Poetry was corrected to "Not yet".
At first, you will show your eyebrows, which means that you only know some people, and your feelings are also expressed in your eyebrows.
⑼ Being willing in the same sentence means being willing to be together forever. Dust and ashes, until death do us part, when they die and become dust, they will be together.
⑽ Holding a mail, it is said that in ancient times there was a man named Weisheng who dated a woman under the bridge. When the woman didn't come, the tide came, and Wei Sheng showed his loyalty. As a result, he stuck to his post and drowned. See Zhuangzi Stole Foot. "The Warring States Policy Yance" also takes this as an example of faith.
⑾ In the last sentence, I am convinced that their love is strong, so I will never be a figure on my husband's platform. Wangfutai, there are several legends similar to Wang Mi-shi and Wang Fu. The main idea of the story is that the husband has been away for a long time, and the wife looks out on the stage and turns to stone after a long time. Wang Qi quoted Su Zhe's Luan Cheng Ji as saying that it is in the south of Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian County, Sichuan Province).
⑿ Qutang, the name of the gorge, is one of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, in the east of fengjie county, Sichuan Province. This mound is a big stone at the mouth of Qutang Gorge. Every year in the fifth month of the lunar calendar, the river rises, the stakes are flooded, the ships are difficult to identify, and it is easy to hit the rocks, so the clouds cannot be touched. There is also a saying in the ancient Yuefu that "the pond is as big as a pond, and the pond cannot be touched".
[13] In the simian sentence, there are many simians in the Three Gorges, and they cry sadly.
[14] The last sentence in front of the door means that the hostess often looks at her husband's traces when he goes out to wait, and only sees that moss has been born on the traces. Late (straight zhí), etc., one is "old".
⒂ butterfly yellow, Shen said that it is most in autumn, fearing that it will be attached. Huang's Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty is Lai.
[14] This means that butterflies fly together.
Sit down, so.
(18) Sooner or later. Sanba, referring to Baxian, Badong and Brazil, is located in the east of Sichuan Province.
Don't go too far, don't go too far.
Changsha Storm, the place name, is on the river in the east of Anqing City, Anhui Province. According to Lu You's Book of Entering Shu, it is 700 miles from Jinling (Nanjing) to Changfeng Mountain. Extremely dangerous.
Make an appreciative comment
In the tone of a hostess, this poem describes her nostalgia for her husband who went out to do business. Through the monologues of characters, supplemented by scenery, the whole article skillfully integrates narrative, scenery description and lyric, and the artistic conception of the poem is lively, sincere and moving, with a little story.
The first six sentences focus on the naive, lively and lovely childish images of both sides. The sentence "Fourteen" describes in detail the shyness of first marriage. The sentence "Tenth Five-Year Plan" shows that the intimate relationship after marriage is perfect and inseparable, and also expresses the wife's unswerving wish. The four sentences of "Sixteen" were sent with exhortation, worrying about her husband's long journey day and night. In front of the door, I can't help feeling for my youth and looking forward to my husband's early return. The last four sentences are the destination of the whole poem: as long as she receives a letter predicting her return home, she will meet it even if there are long sandstorms and rapids as far as 700 miles.
"Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties" says: "The affair of children flows from the chest, full of twists and turns, which makes people infatuated. It is almost impossible to taste what Si Kongtu said,' Tao is not self-sufficient, but with the other side', which is wonderful. "
Ji Yiyun, Ceng Yun: "The beauty of images is beyond words, which is too white for ever."
This kind of poem is really good at Li Bai.
In addition, this poem also describes the real life aspirations of ancient women, and it is also a poem of Li's civil life.
deliberate
As we know, Li Bai roamed the Hanshui River Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River for a long time after leaving the Three Gorges in his youth. Since the Six Dynasties, these areas have developed commerce, prosperous cities and frequent business contacts. The "Five Tones" and "Opera" in Yuefu in the Six Dynasties were born in this area, and many of them expressed the sad thoughts of business women leaving their husbands. Li Bai is a writer who attaches great importance to learning excellent literary heritage and is very familiar with Wu Sheng and traditional Chinese opera. His life experience made him know the thoughts and feelings of business women very well: these were the basis of his writing the Long March.
The Long March begins with a woman's childhood. "My hair barely covers my forehead. I pick flowers by the door and pay. When you, my love, ride a bamboo horse, run in circles and throw your childhood. We live together in an alley in Changgan, and we are all young and happy. " In ancient times, children's hair was not tied in bundles. "My hair hardly covered my forehead" means that they are still very young. "Play" means to play. These words mean that the businesswoman and her husband have had close friendship since childhood. From "I became your wife when I was fourteen" to "Then I was sixteen, and you went away", the life course of women after marriage was written in chronological order. "At the age of fourteen, I became your wife, and I was too shy to laugh. I bowed my head and went to the dark corner, unwilling to pay attention to your thousands of calls. " Although she is a close friend of Zhu Ma, it is still difficult for her to feel shy when she is married from a game partner. The poet described a shy and naive young woman for us with real and delicate brushstrokes. "But when 15 years old, I frowned and laughed, and understood that no dust could seal our love." Even if it turns to ashes, it will live and die together and never leave! This is the meaning of "when you die, you will die in the ash, and you will never stop feeling sorry for each other" in Wushu songs. We seem to hear the sincere wishes of boys and girls. The woman's enthusiasm and firm character began to appear before our eyes. "Embracing the pillar letter" and "Wangfutai" are ancient legends. "Holding a column" means a man named Wei Sheng who agrees to meet his lover under the bridge. Weisheng arrived first, and suddenly the river surged. He refused to go back on his word, so he clung to the bridge column and drowned. There are many legends about Wangfutai, Wang Fushan and Wangfushi, all about how wives eagerly look forward to their husbands' return. Her husband loves her as faithfully as a micro-student. Where will she go to Wangfutai to taste the pain of parting? These four poems let us realize the happiness of a young couple's passionate, loyal and single-minded love for Wu. However, the good times did not last long, and they soon tasted the pain of parting. Here, however, poetry has made waves and produced an obvious turning point. "Later, when I was sixteen years old, you embarked on a long journey and left Qudui. Then in the fifth month, I couldn't help it anymore, and the ape shouted in the sky. " Qutangxia is one of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, located in the east of fengjie county, Sichuan. There are huge rocks in the canyon, called stone piles. When the water rises in the midsummer of May in the lunar calendar, the mound is submerged in the water, and only a small piece at the top is exposed. Ships come and go, and it is easy to hit the rocks and encounter disasters. So the boatman said, "I'm as big as a raft. I can't bend and touch." In ancient times, there were many apes on the Three Gorges Mountain. Their cries were shrill and often touched travelers' homesickness. The ballad sings: "The apes in the Three Gorges of Badong cry sadly, the apes cry three times, and there are tears on their clothes." The poet skillfully blended these two proverbs into a refined poem. Reading this, we seem to hear the roaring river sound and the sorrowful ape sound, and also feel the businessman's deep concern for her husband's safety.
From "Come for the fifth month, I can't help it any more" to "Hu Die Yellow in August", it describes the change of holiday order and shows women's deep yearning for their husbands. "Your footprints are in front of our door. I have looked at the place where you have walked, the moss of your life." The word "late" is used as "old" and some notebooks are used as "send". "Late" means waiting. These two sentences mean that the footprints left by pedestrians waiting in front of the door (or seeing them off) have grown moss. "Hiding under the moss is too deep to sweep away, and the autumn wind sets early." Summer has passed, and early autumn has come, and she is still silently expecting and waiting. "August is yellow, two by two hovering in the grass of our west garden." It's the Mid-Autumn Festival, and she's still waiting. Looking at Hu Die dancing together, I felt the bitterness of inner loneliness; I feel that time is constantly flowing, and I am quietly sad for the passing of my youth. It is not difficult for us to imagine how she endured the suffering of lovesickness. "Sooner or later" means "when" and "March 8", that is, Baxian, Badong and Brazil are all in today's eastern Sichuan. The long sandstorm is on the edge of the East Yangtze River in Anqing City, Anhui Province, and it has been hundreds of miles away from Nanjing until today. In fact, it is impossible for a businesswoman to really go that far to see her husband, but such exaggeration is a very powerful expression of her mood at this moment. The poet wrote about this woman's longing for meeting, her passionate love for her husband, and her unrestrained enthusiasm. The whole poem ends here, but the image of this passionate and affectionate woman remains in our hearts for a long time.
artistic value
Li Bai's A Trip to Yu Yu is very successful in art, which vividly depicts the life stages of business women through vivid and concrete descriptions of their lives. Many of its details are outstanding and full of artistic effects. For example, the following lines, "My hair barely covers my forehead", describe the innocent game movements of boys and girls, which are lively and lovely. "Childhood friends" has become an idiom in use today. Another example is "I will go to a dark corner with my head down, and I won't turn to you for help", which describes the shyness of women when they first get married, very delicate and true. The poet noticed the changes of women's psychological state in different stages, but did not simplify them. Another example is "I look at the place where you walked, and your footprints are hidden under the moss" and "August yellow, two and two, hovering on the grass in our West Garden". Through specific scenery descriptions, the emotional activities in Sifu's heart are deeply touching. Here, I might as well compare another poem by Li Bai, Jiang, which is also about women's thinking. A trip to Jiangxia is also a good work, but apart from the phrase "seeing the sail travel far, the heart flows along the river", it is mostly a direct and general expression of feelings, lacking vivid life scenes and vivid details. For example, "it makes people sad", "I feel sad and hate you for a long time", "I feel sad when I am alone", "I cry in front of the mirror and everyone just wants to cry" and so on. It makes people feel straightforward and plain, and the emotional depth is not enough, which makes it difficult to chew and understand repeatedly. In the third paragraph, "I regret being a businessman's wife, and my youth is long." It's just fun now. Go to Ronghua. Who knows? "This discussion seems to be too heavy and conceptual. It is better to use a metaphor to describe "yellow, hovering in pairs, in the grass of our western garden, because of this, my heart will be broken, and I am worried about my bright cheeks, lest they fade in August", which is implicit and intriguing. Moreover, the feeling of "regretting being a business woman" is also very common in Tang poetry, which is far less real than the feeling of passion and singleness in the Long March.
The style of the Long March is lingering, soft and deep. The love between businessmen and women is characterized by enthusiasm, loyalty, persistence, singleness and depth. Her husband went out to do business, not to the battlefield, and good or bad luck was unpredictable; Therefore, although she was also worried about her husband's safety, it was not grief that destroyed her heart and lungs. Her lovesickness is like silkworms spinning silk. These internal factors determine the deep and gentle style of the works. Let's compare the author's "Northern Popular" to be more clear. Popular in the North has a stormy style, because it shows the extremely sad thoughts of women in Youzhou when they mourn their dead husband. The Long March depicts the psychological activities of the characters in detail, and the language is subtle and refined. "Your footprints are at our door. I look at the places where you go, and every one is hidden under the green moss. Hiding under the moss is too deep to sweep away, and the first autumn wind adds leaves. August is yellow, two by two hovering on the grass in our west garden. " These poems are full of lingering lovesickness and have soft music. When reading aloud, you can naturally feel a kind of artistic power with both sound and emotion, and realize that kind of gentle artistic style.
The Long March also uses exaggeration. For example, if you write about the shyness of marriage, you will say, "You haven't answered after a long time"; Write down the firmness of love and say "understand that no dust can seal our love"; Write a long farewell, and then say, "Hiding under the moss is too deep to sweep away"; I wrote my earnest hope, and then I said, "All the way to Sha Changfeng". These words strongly show the warmth and affection of thinking women, giving people a deep impression. The whole poem uses a woman's self-reported tone, and these exaggerated statements are in line with her feelings and personality. For example, "I will come to meet you and don't mind the distance, all the way to the long sandstorm" not only fully shows Sifu's eagerness at this moment, but also coincides with her status as a businesswoman. If this sentence comes from a woman who never leaves home, it is not true enough.
The Long March is obviously influenced by the poems of the ancient Yuefu in art ... Writing a young woman's life course according to the previous age ordinal number reminds people of the beginning of Peacock Flying Southeast, which says, "Thirteen can weave vegetarian dishes, fourteen can learn to tailor clothes, fifteen can dress up as elegant clothes, ten can recite poems, seventeen are husband and wife, and their hearts are often bitter and sad." But the one-year-old story in Peacock Flying Southeast is only a brief introduction to the whole article. The Long March has concrete life scenes, which are full of flesh and blood and constitute an important part of the whole article. Later, by describing the changes in the festival order, women's deep and long worries about pregnancy were described, which was to learn from Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties. The second half of Long March is very similar to Xizhou Qu in terms of gentle style and beautiful syllables. Let's record a piece of Xizhou Song for comparison:
Autumn, autumn Nantang, she is holding a lotus seed, and the lotus grows taller. With his head down, he fiddled with the lotus seeds in the water, which were as green as the lake. Hide lotus seeds in your sleeve. Lotus seeds are red and transparent. Miss my husband, but not yet. She looks up at the swan in the sky. The sky was full of geese, and she went up to the tower to see her husband. Although the tower is high, she can't see her husband. She leans against the railing all day.
However, the Long March is not a mechanical imitation. The life picture it depicts is brand-new; The feelings of business women are rich and varied, which is also different from the simplicity of Western Zhou Dynasty songs. They are all artistic treasures in China's classical poems.
China's classical poetry has always had a tradition of reflecting women's life since the Book of Songs. In the long feudal society, women were severely oppressed. In love and marriage, they often suffer from being played and bullied. Therefore, they are particularly eager for pure and single-minded love. China's ancient Yuefu poems, the romantic description of young men and women's marriage after death, Peacock Flying Southeast and Huashan Ji all reflect this ideal and pursuit. In feudal society, men often ran away from home because of military service, official travel, business and other reasons, and their wives had to stay alone in their empty boudoir, which is also a relatively common social phenomenon. Therefore, there are quite a few thoughts about women's feelings in poems reflecting women's lives. Poets in feudal society should be given due recognition if they can give deep sympathy to women who are bullied and despised and reflect their desire for justice and kindness in their works. Most articles about women in Li Bai's poems show this progressive tendency. The Long March has shaped the image of young women with beautiful sentiments, which embodies women's pursuit and desire for pure love. It is an excellent article with perfect art and should undoubtedly be cherished by us.
quarrel
In addition, due to the popularity of thousands of years, individual words and phrases have evolved into common folk idioms, such as "childhood friends" and "two young people don't have to guess", which have become representative words to describe the pure friendship between young men and women.
However, the first four sentences of this poem, "My hair hardly covers my forehead. I am picking flowers and paying by my door. When you, my love, ride a bamboo horse, run in circles and throw your childhood. " The understanding and explanation of "Liu" is different from that of scholars in previous dynasties, and they are all vaguely brushed aside. Take Wang's interpretation of a sentence published in Libai.com in China on March 30, 2004 as an example: [There are two questions about Li Bai's "trotting in circles and throwing his childhood" in the Long March, namely, what does "bed" mean? How to string the whole sentence? There are many differences in this note. The "bed" should be a "Hu bed", not a seat, but actually a Mazar-e-Mazar. The old annotation of sentence meaning is limited to the coherent explanation of the whole sentence itself, which has a far-fetched ambiguity. In fact, this is a special sentence pattern. "Walking around the bed" and "getting Chun Mei" should belong to two different meanings. "Around the Bed" inherits the sentence "When you, my love, ride a bamboo horse", which means that the boy rides a bamboo horse and runs around the mine field; "Get Plum" inherits the previous sentence "I am picking flowers, and I pay by the door", which means that the little girl is playing with the plum that has just been folded back from the door. In Li Bai's poems, there are many examples of this special sentence pattern, "Come trotting in circles and lose your childhood". ]
In fact, the above sentence has no meaning at all. Because the translator doesn't understand what "I'm picking flowers and paying at my door" means. The most difficult thing to explain this sentence is the word "drama", which makes no sense if it is interpreted as "violence" here; According to the "drama", there was no such idea at that time, and the situation did not make sense; Some people put forward the idea of "ju", that is, to stand up and speak, but the meaning of ancient characters is not recognized at all or universal, and it will certainly not be recognized by the public. The author has been puzzled for nearly twenty years! 1995, I bought Cihai, and I happily flipped it. I found this explanation under the annotation of "Drama": Drama: (Guang Yun) is difficult. Inspiration, that is, I found Li Bai's poem and read it again. I was at a loss and suddenly enlightened:
Drama: (Guang Yun) Difficult. It's just difficult, difficult. Bed: Hu bed is a seat, which is equivalent to Mazha now. Bai Juyi's Yongxing has a boat on the pool, a Hu bed in the boat and new wine in front of the bed.
These four sentences can be explained as follows: when my hair just covers my forehead, I have difficulty folding flowers in front of the door; It's just that you rode a bamboo horse and walked around Mazar with a bamboo pole, trying to get my childhood.