According to research, from the Shang Dynasty (BC1600-100), some people made decorations with gold foil, silver foil, leather or silk. In the Western Han Dynasty, people used hemp fiber to make paper. It is said that after the death of Li, the favorite princess of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the emperor missed him and couldn't sleep well, so he asked the warlock to use the image cut out of hemp paper to evoke the soul. This is probably the earliest paper-cutting. In A.D. 105, Cai Lun improved and popularized the previous experience and began to make a lot of paper. This engraving form has found more popular materials and gave birth to paper-cutting art, which has a history of more than 2000 years.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the custom of "carving gold to win" was popular. "Victory" is a pattern cut from paper, gold and silver foil and silk, and the geometric shape of a group of squares is called "Fang Sheng"; Those who are cut into flowers and plants are called "Watson", and those who are cut into human forms are called "people win". In the Chronicle of Jingchu in the Southern Dynasties, Liang Zonggu recorded: "The seventh day of the first month is one day, and the Chronicle of Dong Fangshuo"): At the beginning of heaven and earth, there were chickens, dogs, pigs, sheep, cows, horses, people and valleys. Sunny days are dominated by abundance, while cloudy days are disastrous. Among the eight days, People's Day is the most important, also known as "People's Victory Day". Cut the ribbon for people, or carve gold foil for people, paste the screen, and wear it on the head and temples; He also created Watson to inherit from each other. "
Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem entitled "Men's Day": "On this day, at this time, people are excited, talking and smiling at each other. Worship cypress leaves before, rest with wine, and get golden flowers in the cold. " Li Shangyin, another famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, also wrote a poem "People's Day", which said: "Carve gold to seize the essence and customs, and cut the ribbon to open the Jin style for the people." Li Yuan's poem "Cut the Ribbon" in the Tang Dynasty wrote: "The ribbon-cutting is given to the blind date, and both of them are royal birds, and they bridge the two bridges. Leaves are golden knives, flowers bring jade. May you be thousands of years old and welcome the spring everywhere. " Among the cultural relics unearthed in Xinjiang in the 1960s, there is also a paper-cut of Rensheng in the Tang Dynasty, in which seven women lined up to decorate the bun with this victory.
In Masakura Hospital in Japan, there are two pieces of Watson from the Tang Dynasty. According to the Records of Miscellaneous Production in the third year of Japan's Qi Heng (AD 856), "People win two pieces ... Tianpingbao is given on August 24th", and the year of Tianpingbao in Japan is the second year of Tang Zhide (AD 757). One of them is Luo Di's gold foil lettering, which is engraved with auspicious words of blessing: "Happy holidays, new wishes, Millennium harmony and long life." The other is carved with gold foil and decorated with red and green flowers and leaves. In the center, a child and a dog are playing under the bamboo forest.
At that time, there was a popular small banner cut with double silks and silks, called Chunban, or Zunsheng and Chunsheng, which was used as a holiday gift on the day of spring, or worn on the head, hung on the willow branches, or pasted on the screen. Li Shangyin wrote in "Pride Poetry": "Please write it in spring, and spring will win Yichun Day." The arrogant teacher asked his father to write the word "Yichun" on the Spring Festival couplets made by cutting the ribbon. Because beginning of spring Day is the first day of spring, symbolizing the revival and prosperity of all things, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the folk custom of ribbon-cutting for People's Day gradually concentrated on beginning of spring Day, and people cut out various gongs, banners, Chun Yan and butterflies as holiday gifts. On this day, the emperor also received his ministers and gave them gold and silver or Luo respectively.
Li Qingzhao, a poetess in the Song Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Bodhisattva Man": "The candle is bright at the bottom, and the hairpin phoenix wins the lamp." There is a kind of bird named Dai Sheng Bird because it has a golden crest on its head, which looks like an autumn branch. In Wei's Listen to Yingge, "Shrike flies over the sound, mulberry garden gives birth to green", and the sound of sheng becomes a symbol of spring returning to the earth.
In Song Dynasty, Chen's Record of Years Old said: "On New Year's Day, 49 banners were cut with crow's green paper or green silk, surrounded by a big banner, or carried by parents according to their age, or posted on the door.
In the Song Dynasty, with the prosperity and development of economy and culture, many arts and crafts and professional paper-cutting artists appeared. Zhou Mi's "Zhi Ya Tang Miscellaneous Notes" contains: Pei Liang, the capital at that time, "In the old Tiandu Street, there were people who cut various colors, which were extremely exquisite and made at will. There is more respect in the tile, which is dedicated to cutting letters from home. Then, suddenly, some teenagers can cut words and flowers on their sleeves. He is better at two people, so he is good at a temporary reputation.
Famous paper-cut artists are also recorded in Ming and Qing notes and local chronicles. For example, "Suzhou fuzhi" contains: "Zhao calyx was made of gauze lanterns during Jiajing period, and was carved into flowers, bamboos and birds from paper, with light and thick halo. Dissolve wax and dye, and clamp with thin gauze. The sun is shining, bright and bright, flying and dancing, and it is difficult to distinguish from real people in the light smoke. "
"Yanzhou Jiande County Records" contains: "Lin, the word outline Zhai, wrote books when he was young, and was blind in middle age. He is a paper-cut figure, flying dragons and snakes, and stippling is not bad. People decorate the room as a vertical shaft, ... called the day of "forest scissors". "Baoding Fuzhi" contains: "A woman is also the daughter of Zhang Caigong. Have a smart mind, talk to people, carefully cut open the sleeves of spring flowers, autumn flowers and fine grass, and lose your mind; Its cut incense (large+area) is absolutely ingenious and eye-catching, and the winner is the treasure.
Chen Yunbo's Painting New Poems in the Qing Dynasty said: "In the Southern Song Dynasty, some people were able to cut characters with sleeves, which was no different from the fame of the ancients. In recent years, Yangzhou Baojun has done the most, especially landscapes, figures, flowers, birds and insects. " Moreover, there is a poem that says: "Cutting pictures is smarter than cutting books, and flying birds swim close to fish;" Let him have a good spring breeze in February, I'm afraid it's better to cut down the weeping willows. "During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Zou Yuandou, a court painter, painted a genre painting" Axis of the New Year "to bless the beginning of the New Year. There are five colorful paper-cut "door cages" hanging above the painting. The form of doormat evolved from the spring flag. Paper-cutting entered the court in Qing Dynasty because Manchu had the custom of paper-cutting. In the Forbidden City, the Shen Ning Palace, where emperors held weddings as their bridal chamber, was pasted according to Manchu customs, with black paper-cut flowers with double happiness written in the four corners and dragons and phoenixes written in the center of the ceiling; Horned flowers are also pasted on the aisle walls on both sides of the palace. It is said that someone cut the paper into deer. The "Liuhe Spring" pattern of crane, pine and cypress was painted and pasted on the royal dress, and even the Western Empress Dowager thought it was embroidered.
It can be said that the art of paper-cutting has never stopped since its birth. Her popularity, quantity, style and depth are more outstanding than any art. In all kinds of folk activities, she is everywhere, attached to life, enriching life, silently arousing people's pursuit of life, belief in life and hope for the prosperity of the country in her unique way; She embellishes people's ordinary life so richly and richly, and fully entrusts and embodies our Chinese nation's pursuit and yearning for truth, goodness and beauty; She thrives to meet people's higher social and spiritual needs.
Nowadays, the world of paper-cutting is wider. It has walked out of the farmhouse and entered the vast world of modern design. In product packaging design, trademark advertising, interior decoration, clothing design, book binding, stamp design, newspaper inscription, comics, stage art, animation, film and television and other aspects have a clear image. She also went to the world and became famous all over the world, becoming the cultural wealth and artistic treasure of all mankind. With the progress of history, many ethnic and traditional things have been gradually diluted and lost. However, the symbol of true civilization should be the coexistence and common development of traditional culture and modern culture. May this ancient art tree be evergreen.
Characteristics and Style of Paper-cut Art
Every art has its own unique artistic style. Because of the materials (paper) and tools (scissors and carving knives) used in paper cutting, paper cutting has its own artistic style. Paper-cut art is a kind of folk art that is easy to learn but difficult to master. Most of the authors come from rural women and folk artists. Because they take what they see and hear in real life as the theme, and observe things according to simple feelings and intuitive impressions, they have formed a special style of paper-cutting art, which embodies the unpretentious spirit of farmers. Summarize past experience from the following aspects:
1. Line-to-line connection and line-to-line disconnection Paper-cut works are cut or engraved on paper, so hollowing out must be adopted. As a result of hollowing out, paper-cuts with public lines must be connected with lines, and paper-cuts with bus lines must be disconnected with lines. If you cut off some lines, the whole paper-cut will be fragmented and out of shape. Thus, there is a structure that does not fall or cut. This is an important feature of the art of paper-cutting, which pays great attention to lines, because the picture of paper-cutting is composed of lines. According to his long-term practical experience, Zhang Yongshou, a famous old paper-cut artist in Yangzhou, summed up the lines of paper-cut into five words: "Round, sharp, square, lack and line". Requirements: "Round as autumn moon, sharp as wheat awn, square as blue brick, lacking as sawtooth, walking like beard." It can be said that lines are the basis of paper-cut modeling.
2. Composition Modeling and Composition In composition, paper-cutting is different from other paintings. "It is difficult to show the overlap of three-dimensional space, scenes and images, which is often a breakthrough in the proportion and perspective relationship between objects and images. The content is mainly based on the connection of images, and more combinations are used. Due to the exaggerated deformation in modeling, it can also use some laws of formal beauty of patterns to make symmetry, uniformity, balance, combination and continuity. It can arrange the sun, moon, stars, birds and clouds on the same picture, just like buildings, people and animals on the ground. Common ones are "layers of high bases" or "borrowing things for scenery".
3. The image is exaggerated, concise, beautiful and full of rhythm. Due to the limitation of tools and materials, it is required that paper-cutting should not only grasp the image characteristics, but also link the lines with nature. Therefore, we can't adopt naturalistic realism. It is required to pay attention to the main part of the image and boldly give up the secondary part to make the main body clear at a glance. The figure should be prominent, forming a simple and generous aesthetic feeling, the posture of the object should be exaggerated, the action should be big, the posture should be beautiful, just like the appearance on the stage, full of rhythm.
4. Simple and clear paper-cut colors require simplicity and complexity, and less configuration of the same color, similar color and adjacent color. Seek harmony in contrasting colors. At the same time pay attention to the proportion of colors. If a main color is used to form the main color, the contrast of other colors will be weakened to varying degrees. Sometimes when the colors are juxtaposed and feel a little stiff, they are put in black respectively. In the main manuscript of the golden section, you can get a harmonious and lively feeling.
5. The knife should be "steady, accurate and skillful". Many characteristics and styles of folk paper-cutting are produced by certain knife skills, such as "Hundred Flowers Map" created by Zhang Yongshou, which uses knife skills in many places. For example, a chrysanthemum engraved with "arhat beard" is straight when it first opens and curled when it is in full bloom, forming a spiral circle. When cutting this kind of chrysanthemum, it needs to be cut from the inside out, and the petals can curl freely after cutting, so as to form a chrysanthemum with unique image and flavor. If you carve a kind of chrysanthemum called "Egret Feather", because when it blooms, one petal is covered with another petal, and the other petal is hooked with another petal, you should use the "cutting method" to cut this chrysanthemum. The cut parts should be connected one by one, and the petals should follow one by one, so that the petals can vary in thickness and size, and the cut flowers can be as full and beautiful as the feathers of egrets.
When carving a large number of paper-cuts at the same time, in the use of knife method, whether it is cut or not, the cut paper-cuts should be thick. When using a knife, you must cut it up and down like a hacksaw in your hand, and the force should be rigid and even, otherwise the knife will lose its flexibility thousands of miles away. Be careful not to swing back and forth from left to right. Hold the knife vertically up and down, and the carved paper-cut will be accurate. When engraving paper, the cutting and lifting must be accurate, especially where the knife is connected. Just say it and you can cut it. Here we go. Otherwise, the thread will be easily cut by the knife, or the paper-cut will be torn.
"Qiao" here mainly refers to the "sawtooth" and "crescent" carved with a clever knife. These are two very important knife methods in paper cutting. If these two knife methods are used properly, the unique "knife-like paper feeling" of paper-cutting art can be formed.
Let's talk about the application of these two knife methods in detail.
"Sawtooth" is naturally produced by the author due to the cutting movement of paper and knife in the production process. It uses the ratio of length, density, straightness, rigidity and softness of sawtooth, and combines the characteristics of different objects to express its texture, sense of quantity and structure. When carving plants, soft sawtooth patterns can show their flowers and fruits, while hard sawtooth patterns can show the needling and plush of leaves and stems of trees. When carving animals, fine sawtooth patterns can show soft fluff, thick sawtooth patterns can show hard mane, and circular and semi-arc sawtooth patterns can show feathers and scales of birds, fish and insects. When carving characters, we can use jumping sawtooth patterns to show moving eyebrows, beards and hair, and use slender and rich sawtooth patterns to show children's plump skin.
"Crescent Moon" is also a variety of arc-shaped decorations naturally produced in the process of cutting and carving. Gravure carving is the main way to show the lines of characters' clothes or destroy large black areas. According to the characteristics and shape of the same object, it can be long or short, wide or narrow, curved or straight, and can be changed into various types.
The two forms of "sawtooth" and "crescent" are often used alternately in different paper-cut pictures, making the levels more distinct and varied. Sawtooth and crescent sprouted from the paper-cutting techniques of "Ma Dui Group Painting" and "Monkey Group Painting" in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. After a hundred years of historical evolution, they have continued to this day, becoming the law of decorative patterns that people love and use. Besides "sawtooth" and "crescent", there are other forms of folk paper-cutting, such as flowers, vortex patterns, moire patterns and water patterns.
The History of Folk Paper-cutting in China
Folk paper-cutting is an ancient traditional folk art in China. It has a long history and unique style, and is deeply loved by people at home and abroad.
The main material of paper-cutting is paper. Paper is one of China's four great inventions. It has always been recognized that papermaking was invented by Cai Lun around 105. Later, paper from the Western Han Dynasty was unearthed in Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province. Experts believe that China's paper appeared before Emperor Han Ping, probably during the Xuan Di period (73 BC-49 BC). No matter what the final conclusion is, there will be no real paper-cutting before the invention of paper. However, other plates are used for cutting and carving, but before there is paper. Let's look at related cultural relics and historical records:
Warring States period (22 BC1)
① 1950- 1952 During the excavation of the Warring States site in Guwei Village, Huixian County, Henan Province, arc ornaments carved with silver foil were found.
(2) Gold ornaments of the Jin Dynasty unearthed in Huangniqi, Changsha, Hunan. Although these decorations hollowed out with silver foil can't be said to be paper-cut, they can be said to have formed the predecessor of paper-cut art in carving technology and artistic style.
In the Northern Dynasty (AD 386-534), paper was cut into beautiful patterns. At present, the earliest and well-documented discovery is near the Flame Mountain in Turpan, Xinjiang, where five paper-cuts of group flowers were unearthed. The Southern and Northern Dynasties were contrary to horsetail flowers. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were monkey flowers. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were honeysuckle flowers. Chrysanthemum in Southern and Northern Dynasties. Eight groups of flowers were used in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
In the Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-907), paper-cut patterns were applied to other handicrafts:
(1) 1963- 1965 "Mansheng" paper-cut unearthed in Turpan, Xinjiang.
② 1973 Xi 'an unearthed leather hat has hollow patterns.
(3) From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, a kind of gold and silver inlay technology was developed. The carved gold and silver foil was stuck on the back of lacquerware or bronze mirror, filled with pigment, and dried to show a golden pattern on the painted floor. Gold and silver mirror of Tang Dynasty unearthed in Zhengzhou, Henan Province (diameter 36.2 cm)
(4) The gold foil engraved with "Man wins" in the Tang Dynasty is now stored in Zhengcang, Japan.
⑤ 195 1 Gold Foil Carvings of Han Dynasty Unearthed in Changsha, Hunan.
In Song Dynasty (960- 1279), there were many records about paper-cutting in Song Dynasty. Some paper-cuts are decorated as gifts, some are pasted on windows, some are decorated with lanterns, and some are cut into so-called "dragons and tigers". There were artists who took this as their profession in the Southern Song Dynasty. Some of them are good at cutting "various calligraphy characters", while others specialize in cutting "various colors and patterns". At this time, shadow play was popular, and the materials for carving shadow play were not only animal skins, but also thick paper.
Paper-cutting in Song Dynasty is an important creation of craft decoration. It's porcelain from Jizhou kiln. Its products include teacups and vases. There are many patterns, such as phoenix, plum blossom, loquat and auspicious words. It's lively. It is made by the author in the process of glaze, paper-cutting and firing in the kiln.
Modern folk blue printed cloth is made of carved cardboard, then imitated and dyed. This printing and dyeing technology has been very common in the Song Dynasty, and the printed cloth of the Southern Song Dynasty unearthed in Shanxi is an example.
In the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- 1644), gauze lanterns were very famous. It is a paper-cut sandwiched between yarns. Patterns reflected by candlelight are another application of paper-cutting in daily life. Now people call it "lantern". In the Qing Dynasty (A.D.1644-1911), paper-cutting was handed down. In the Kunning Palace of the Palace Museum in Beijing, paper-cut patterns of black dragons and phoenixes are set off with white paper.
Records of paper-cutting in relevant historical books;
Among the poems left by Cui Daorong in the Tang Dynasty, there is such a sentence: "If you want to cut Yichun, the spring will be chilly."
The scissors "Yichun Post" mentioned here is also known as the "paper-cut art work", and it is also written in the poem "Full Moon Yin" by Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty: "Carving gold is popular, and cutting the ribbon is popular." Duan's Youyang Miscellaneous Notes said: "On the day of beginning of spring, the home of literati, paper-cutting is a kind of Xiaoping, which is hung on the head of a beautiful woman or decorated under a flower, and cut into a spring butterfly, which wins the drama with spring.
Zhou Mi wrote in his Miscellaneous Notes on Poems in Zia Hall in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Therefore, all people have titles of heaven, and those who cut all kinds of colorful patterns are extremely exquisite. And those who are more ambitious in the Central Plains will be professional every time they cut their calligraphy. Later, some teenagers have been able to cut words and flowers on their sleeves very accurately. " That is, "Kaifeng" mansion, and "pattern paper-cutting" naturally refers to "paper-cutting".
Paper-cut artists have names to test. Besides Yu Chengzhi mentioned above, they also ordered Lin Wenhui. Jiande County, Guangzhou knows: "Lin Wenhui, the characters are neat, the paper-cut characters are anticlimactic, and the difference is not bad. The house owner renovated it into a vertical shaft, which is easy to pay for rice and self-sufficiency, which is called cutting. " Yang Cheng also mentioned a Taoist priest who "cut words", saying that he "took poems from a mountain for many years, cut words with green paper, and the rice chapter was solid."
The theme of paper-cutting
Folk paper-cutting has a wide range of subjects, which not only reflects what people like to see and hear in real life, but also expresses people's yearning for a better life. From the theme of paper-cutting art, we can see the unpretentious thoughts and feelings of working people.
The scope of paper-cutting themes can roughly include the following aspects:
1. The theme of real life Because most of the authors of paper-cutting come from rural areas, most of their works are based on their own real life, such as feeding chickens, raising pigs, herding sheep, herding cattle, riding donkeys to drive away parents and holding fat dolls, engaging in household sideline business and participating in field work, and some directly express their domestic poultry and livestock, such as chickens, ducks, geese, cows, horses, sheep and camels. Cats, wait. There are also plants that are often seen in life, such as plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, peony, lotus, narcissus, and various fruits and vegetables. Because these themes come from life, the content of paper-cut works is very strong.
2. The theme of auspicious meaning
A major feature of folk paper-cutting in subject matter is to convey feelings with things by means of implication. Commonly used are the following:
Homophony-the expression of pictographic sound. For example, flower cocks, carved flowers on cocks; Sika deer, just carve a few plum blossoms on the deer; Carving lotus carp means "more than a year", in which lotus is homophonic for lotus and fish is homophonic for fish.
Harmonic method-simplify an image into a representative. For example, if you carve a cloud, it means the sky, and if you carve a snowflake, it means it will snow in winter.
Symbolism-using an image to express a concept makes people associate. For example, peaches symbolize longevity, pomegranates symbolize fertility, mandarin ducks symbolize love, pine trees symbolize longevity, peonies symbolize wealth, and magpies climb plums to symbolize happy events.
3. Opera characters and legends
Folk fairy tales are widely circulated throughout the country through drama and other forms. People not only tell each other, but also express their love and hate for the characters in these stories in the form of paper-cutting. For example, in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, the hometown of Yue Opera, folk paper-cutting is mostly based on local butterfly lovers and Legend of the White Snake. Story plots such as A Dream of Red Mansions and The West Chamber. The birthplace of Beijing opera is in Beijing, and here, the paper-cut of Beijing opera is the most famous in Yuxian, which is very close to Beijing. In addition, such as Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, Up Eight Immortals and Down Eight Immortals. The Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon and Scattered Flowers in the Sky. Folk stories like "Mice Marry Women" are common themes in paper-cutting.
Appreciation of paper-cut art works
Really excellent paper-cut works have certain standards. How to appreciate an excellent paper-cut work?
1, knife taste and paper feel
A high-quality paper-cut art work must have its own style and characteristics. Every art has its own unique style because of its different tools and expressions. For example, Chinese painting pays attention to pen and ink, western oil painting pays attention to color blocks, and woodcut pays attention to black and white. Paper-cutting should pay attention to the taste of knife and paper. Paper-cutting carved by imitating prints on paper with a knife should not be regarded as "good paper-cutting" or a masterpiece. An excellent paper-cut should use the language of paper-cut to shape the artistic image.
2. Exquisite and exquisite
A very important feature of paper-cut art language is that all images are shaped into exquisite forms. In addition to the performance of paper-cutting tools and materials, this mainly requires that paper-cutting has the practical demand of "light transmission". Especially "window grilles" require this, otherwise, a black paper-cut posted on the window blocks all outdoor light, which is neither transparent nor beautiful.
Step 3 emphasize decoration
An excellent paper-cut art work should emphasize the taste of decoration. The composition is plain and symmetrical, the picture is balanced and elegant, the line thickness is appropriate, the color is bright, soft and harmonious. In addition, due to the relationship between tools and materials, some unique techniques in paper-cut works (such as "crescent moon" and "sawtooth pattern") are also important factors contributing to its decorative characteristics.
4, deformation exaggeration
Paper-cut art works should emphasize modeling exaggeration and give consideration to the beauty of silhouette. Any image has some beauty and ugliness. The purpose of artistic exaggeration is to strengthen the factors that highlight beauty and narrow and simplify the factors that are ugly. Exaggerated pictures will be pleasing to the eye.
Preservation of paper-cut works
Because paper-cut works are hollowed out by cutting and carving, and they are composed of lines or blocks, which will affect the whole body, so how to preserve paper-cut is a very detailed work. Here are several ways to save:
1, black and white paper-cut preservation
If the length of the work is not large, the simpler method is to put the paper-cut in books and magazines and keep it flat. If it is a paper-cut work that needs to be read frequently, it is best to buy an album from a stationery store to save it, so as not to damage the paper-cut work because of frequent flipping. If you buy a photo album with glue, but don't want to stick paper-cuts, you can separate paper-cuts from glue with transparent cellophane.
2, color paper-cut preservation
The preservation of color paper-cut is mainly to consider the problem of preventing fading. Therefore, the material used to preserve color paper-cut should not be absorbent paper. It is best to use copy paper or sulfuric acid paper for drawing. This kind of paper has poor water absorption and generally won't absorb the color of colored paper-cuts. Because of good transparency, paper-cutting is also beautiful.
3, the preservation of large paper-cuts
For some paper-cut works with large space, it is not appropriate to use drum type, otherwise some corners of paper-cut will be easily folded and damaged, which will also affect the appearance. The most ideal way is to use corrugated cardboard to hold it flat, so that the paper-cut works will be flat after reopening. Long-term preservation also needs to pay attention to insect bites. So put some sanitary balls in the place where paper-cuts are stored to prevent pests. In addition, pay attention to frequent turnover to facilitate ventilation. In humid areas, moisture-proof measures should be strengthened in rainy season.
Mounting of paper-cut works
Paper-cut mounting can generally take the following forms:
1. Frame type
Generally, it is ok to sell photos and pictures in the market. When installing paper-cut, it is necessary to stick a small amount of white latex around the paper-cut on the supporting paper, otherwise the paper-cut will often fall or move after the hanger, which is uneven. The color choice of paper holder mainly depends on the color of paper-cutting, which plays a role in foil paper-cutting. For example, when paper-cutting is heavy color, the backing paper should be light color, and when paper-cutting is light color or white, the backing paper should be heavy color.
2. Paperboard installation
Cardboard installation can be divided into plane installation and vertical installation. When plane mounting, all the transparent latex used for paper-cutting is stuck on the pre-designed cardboard. Three-dimensional mounting is to divide the paper tray into two layers, the middle of paper-cut is fixed with transparent sheet, and the outside is pasted with transparent sheet or cellophane. This mounting gives people a feeling of three-dimensional space.
3. Installation of reels
Scroll is a mounting form of Chinese painting. It is solemn and generous, hanging in the room with great verve and oriental artistic characteristics, which is naturally a superior choice for mounting paper-cuts. If the calligrapher inscribes and seals the mounted scroll, it will be completely comparable to the painting tip of China Axis. Mounting scrolls are more expensive than picture frames, and mounting technology is difficult, but the artistic effect is quite good.
4. Glue pressing and installation
With the development of modern industry, there are more and more transparent chemical materials, such as transparent resin glue (available in chemical stores). Add a little coagulant, spread the paper-cut on the glass, pour the prepared glue on the paper-cut, then spread the cellophane on the glue with a wooden frame, flatten it with a rubber roller, and dry it under 400 degrees of light. This method is very beautiful and can be preserved permanently, but the technology is complicated. If the temperature is not well controlled during prayer, cellophane will be easily burnt and invalid. This mounting effect is similar to photo pasting.