Last spring was over, and my tears were wet and red. I am often afraid that I will break up with martial arts. Why is there the Wuling period?
Every time you express your love, you should know it without saying anything. I just want to put a pillow by the bar and miss you at night.
Mudan Li Xiaoguang
Rich and romantic, flowers bow their heads and worship the incense dust. The pillars are embroidered with rubies, and clouds are covered with green flowers.
The sky has its own strength and the country is colorless. Famous flowers are also difficult to cultivate and require great efforts.
Qing Pingbai (Tang Dynasty)
A red dew is fragrant, and the rain is heartbroken. Who looks like Han Guan? Poor Yan Fei relies on red cosmetics.
Title Royal Pen Peony Wang Guowei (Qing)
The Moro Western Region actually wears makeup, and the East China Sea is fragrant with cherry blossoms. After reading The World of Spring, peony is the king of flowers.
Weizhuang (Tang)
Don't be jealous of the new makeup girl in the boudoir, and be ashamed of being strangers to Fu Fenlang. Last night, the moonlight was as deep as water, and it was fragrant when you got started.
Xi Juyi (Tang)
There are only two red peonies left in front of the melancholy stage. I think all the flowers should be blown away when the wind blows tomorrow morning. At night, I pity these weak but red flowers and take a torch to see the peony.
Planting Peony on the Ground (Song Dynasty)
Mow the moss under the court and plant it yourself. Laozi's dragon bell was over eighty, and I watched it play several times before I died.
Mudantang Pi Rixiu
When the red leaves are left, the fragrance begins to vomit, which is called the king of flowers. Striving for the beauty of a Chinese odyssey to the West is the first fragrance among independent people.
Peony Poems Zheng Fan in Tang Dynasty
National color is full of wine, and clothes are dyed at night. Dan Jing was drunk in spring, and the bright moon asked about the return date.
Appreciation of Peony in Yuxi, Liu Tang
The peony in front of the courtyard is enchanting and gorgeous but lacking in bones, and the lotus in the pool is elegant, clean and boring. Only peony is the real national color, and it moved its capital in the flower season.
Red Mudan Decoction Wang Wei
The green leaves of red peony are quietly unfolding, and the color of red peony is bright and deep. In the face of withering, peony is sad from it. Can you understand peony's thoughts?
Appreciation of Peony and Don Xu Ning
Whoever doesn't love peony flowers is the best thing in the city. English is the goddess of Luochuan, who tries her best to break the morning glow.
Red Mudan Decoction Wang Wei
The green leaves of red peony are quietly unfolding, and the color of red peony is bright and deep. In the face of withering, peony is sad from it. Can you understand peony's thoughts?
Peony flower and begonia silver
Like the * * * east wind, there is another different reason. The crimson Luo is too high to win the spring.
If you teach Jieyu to pour the country, it will be ruthless and moving.
Paeonia lactiflora and Jun are close attendants. Where can Furong avoid fragrant dust?
Poor Han Gong Ling failed China after his success.
Caozhouhong
Cut off a ray of sunshine and red, and the Millennium color is drunk with spring breeze. He Shanze holds the title of Cao Zhou, and his fragrance is rich and dry.
As beautiful as flowers and jade-(of women) as beautiful as flowers and jade.
There is red in white to unite the mind, but the immortal turns to dust. Jade bone is in love with flowers, and the fragrance fades away, and there is no spring.
Huanghuakui
Red, green, black and white are all fragrant, and spring breeze cannot send clouds. Don't sigh, love the corner of Huang Huakui.
Flowers laugh.
Petals are soft and loving, and fragrant buds are burning. The sunshine smiles among the flowers, and spring shines everywhere.
Golden raccoon
Red and green laugh at the sun and the moon, wrapped in layers of spring. The poor fairy dominated the world for seven minutes and lost her color.
Huang Yuxi
The condensed wind holds the spring away, and the dark green beads are tempted. Envy a topaz, shame to kill the dust. Emperor Peony, originally a wild shrub in mountainous areas of Shaanxi, Sichuan, Shandong, Henan, Tibet and Yunnan, is distributed on hillsides and forest margins at an altitude of about 1500m. The history of peony cultivation in China can be traced back to more than 2,000 years ago. Peony was recorded as a medicine in the medical bamboo slips found in the tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Wuwei 1972, Gansu.
As an ornamental plant, Emperor Peony began in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and there are many records in the literature. Liu Saike's Jia Ji said: "There are peony paintings in the Northern Qi Dynasty". Now that the peony has been painted, there is no doubt that it is the object of viewing. Peony has been cultivated in China for 1400 years.
Peony cultivation began in the Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-907). Kaiyuan flourishing age is in Chang 'an. Legend has it that there was a man named Song Shanfu who was good at growing flowers. At the call of Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he went to Lishan to plant more than 10,000 plants of different colors (Longcheng Record). Li Bai's "clouds want clothes and flowers, and spring breeze blows the threshold." If it weren't for the head of Yushan Mountain, I would meet Yaotai under the moon. "There are three songs, such as Qing Ping Diao, about peonies of different colors." The peony demon in front of the court failed, and the lotus flowers in the pool were quiet and affectionate. Only peony is the real national color, and capital moves when flowers bloom. "(Liu Yuxi:" Appreciating Peony ")" The imperial city is dying in spring, and it is noisy for a while; * * * If you say peony, you will buy flowers with you. The price is uncertain, and the reward depends on the number of flowers: burning a hundred red flowers and stepping on the beam. ..... everyone is used to it, and everyone is obsessed. ..... "(Bai Juyi:" Buying Flowers ") From these poems, we can see the grand occasion of peony planting in Chang 'an, the imperial capital at that time. At this time, peony not only has a variety of colors, but also has some novel variations and double petals. "Xingtang Temple has a peony nest, and Yuanhe has 1,200 flowers. Their colors are positive halo, inverted halo, light red, light purple, purple white, white sandalwood and so on. And there are those who are not red, those who are unintentional in flowers and leaves, and those who are heavy in flowers, their faces are seven or eight inches. " ("Youyang Miscellany") "Chiba peony is planted in front of the Mu Zongdi Temple, and the flowers are fragrant, and Chiba is big and red." ("Du Yang Za") shows that China had double peony as early as the ninth century.
In Song Dynasty (AD 960- 1279), China Peony Cultivation Center was moved from Chang 'an to Luoyang, with more varieties and more systematic cultivation techniques. A number of theoretical monographs have appeared. The works of this period include "Luoyang Peony" by Ouyang Xiu; Zhou's Peony in Yinjiang Luoyang and Flowers and Trees in Luoyang; Max Zhang's "Luoyang Flower Spectrum" and so on. This paper introduces the cultivation and management of peony, and summarizes a set of mature experiences.
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, with the constant war, Luoyang Peony began to decline, and Chen Zhou Peony took its place. Zhang Bangji wrote "The Story of Peony in Chen Zhou": "Luoyang peony is found in the flower spectrum, not as rich as Chen Zhou peony. Round household flowers are like millet, measured in hectares. "
In the Southern Song Dynasty, the peony cultivation center moved from Luoyang in the north to Tian Peng (now Pengzhou, Sichuan), Chengdu and Hangzhou in the south. The peony cultivated in Tian Peng is the first in Sichuan, and it is known as "Little Xijing". Lu You, a poet, was an official in Shu, and went to enjoy the tour in person, and wrote "The Peony Tree of Tian Peng" (1 178). After the Southern Crossing in Song Dynasty, Hangzhou Peony developed and some novel varieties appeared, such as' Chongtai Jiuxin Lavender Peony' and' Baihua Qingyuan Peony'.
The Yuan Dynasty was the low tide of the development of China court peony. There are only a handful of good varieties, and the varieties are degraded. It is rare to see a double-petal variety, because there is a "one branch in Chiba, a thousand people still come out, especially in a hundred years" (Yao Sui's Preface to Peony)!
In the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- 1644), the peony cultivation center moved to Bozhou, Anhui. Xia's "Bozhou Peony Theory" said: "My Bozhou peony has been immersed in the year, and its beauty has changed three times, especially between Ji and Meng. In addition, there are Tianxiang Yipin, Pomegranate Red, Shengjiao Rong, Gong Hong robe, glazed pearls and Xinhong. Mixed red comes out last, and there are few varieties. There is also a kind of rhubarb, which is light and greasy and lovely. The top of the Buddha is green and white first. Generally, safflower is mainly composed of bonus, silver red and peach red. " Another cloud said, "The number of martial arts steps in the thatched cottage is biased. Rate is two colors in a cluster, red and white are different and intertwined. In addition, flat purple is used to celebrate the fragrance. First, insert the three colors of spring and red in its flowers to form an article. When the flowers bloom, they will be brilliant. " This is the first time of Chinese flower arrangement technology.
In the Ming Dynasty, Bozhou peony was famous far and wide, but peony planting in Cao Zhou (now Heze) and the capital Beijing gradually flourished. Around Taihu Lake in the south of the Yangtze River, Lanzhou and Linxia in the northwest have also developed.
Peony was introduced to Cao Zhou and Bozhou in Jiajing (1522 ~ 1567) in Ming Dynasty, and flourished in Wanli (1573- 1620). The two places exchanged varieties, "Cao Hua moved to Bo" ("Cao Zhou Peony Tree" by Yu Pengnian in Qing Dynasty); Bozhou has also introduced many famous Cao Zhou products. For example, The History of Peony in Bozhou records a variety of "golden jade meets splendor", calling Cao Zhou the first product, and there are two kinds of "forbearing to help the red" and "Shi Pinghong", which are also produced in Cao Zhou. "Cao Nan Peony Spectrum" also said: "By the Ming Dynasty, Cao Nan peony had been at sea."
There have been peonies in Beijing since Liao and Jin Dynasties, and peony cultivation has flourished. It is recorded in the examination of Beijing in Ming Dynasty that Emperor Sheng Zong of Liao Dynasty (982- 103 1) went to Changchun Palace to see peony in March of 12 (995). Peony planting flourished in the Ming Dynasty, "Peony was planted inside and outside the Golden Temple". There are three famous gardens outside the city: Liangjiayuan, Tsinghua Campus and Huian Garden.
In Jiangnan, Jiangyin peony flourished in Ming Dynasty. Besides, there are many factories in Hangzhou, Suzhou and Shanghai. Peony is also produced in Guanyang, Guangxi. According to the records of Guangxi Tongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, in Guangxi, "Peony comes from Lingchuan and Guanyang, and Guanyang Peony is one foot high, and the place name is Luoyang."
In the Qing Dynasty (A.D.1644-1911), peony cultivation in Cao Zhou became more prosperous. "Cao County Records" said: "Peony is not a native product, it first flourished in Charlotte (now Luonan County, Shaanxi Province) and then in Bozhou. At that time, there were six or seven hundred species, arranged in five colors. As for the loneliness of Bozhou today, it is known that it is in Cao Zhou. " "Garden households in Cao Zhou plant flowers like millet, with hectares as the unit of measurement, and cover with pots." (Cao Zhou Peony). In Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, there is also a description of "Cao Zhou Peony Jia Qilu". At this time, it is very common to plant peony in villages in the northeast of Cao Zhou. There are many people who grow flowers into gardens, especially Wang Lizhuang, Hongmiao, Maozhuang and Zhaolou. During the Daoguang period, Zhao Yutian built a garden in the north of the village, which was a masterpiece of the village. The trees around the garden are hedged with mulberry trees, which is called "Mulberry Hedge Garden". He is the author of the Tree of Peony in Muliyuan, with a record of 15 1 species, in which he said, "There are ten counties and two states in the mountains, and English peony is the only one in Cao Zhou. Cao Zhou has ten cities and one state, and peony is alone in Heze. " "Heze is a county, and I don't know how many. The peony of the language empire comes out, but it is a corner of the north of the city, the sun of Lushan Mountain, and it is endless. " Later, there was the "Tree of Peony in Qiyuan Garden", which was recognized by many people. At that time, the planting area had reached more than 500 mu, and more than 10,000 plants were exported every year, which were shipped to Guangzhou, Tianjin, Beijing, Hankou, Xi, Jinan and other places for sale. Most of them are shipped to Guangzhou. There is a folk proverb among local farmers: "Nothing is more suitable for planting fruit trees than papaya and persimmon, or emperor peony and peony are more suitable for planting flowers and trees." Coupled with social hobbies, Heze people are good at planting flowers and peony bark can be used as medicine, so Heze peony has a long-term development.
In the Qing Dynasty, emperor peony was also cultivated in most areas of Gansu. Lanzhou, Linxia and Lintao are cultivation centers. Gansu Xintongzhi, compiled in the late Qing Dynasty, once recorded that "there are peonies in all state capitals in Gansu, but Lanzhou is rich in five colors". Yan' an Wanhua, which is located opposite Dufuchuan Huayuantou Village, is rich in peony. Qing Jiajing revised the Records of Yan 'an Prefecture, which recorded that "the source of flowers produces many peonies, and the firewood is rewarded. "People nearby have the custom of enjoying flowers here on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, which has a history of 1000 years.
There are Ningguo Peony and Tongling Peony in Jiangnan Peony. According to the Records of Ningguo County compiled by 1936, "Peony is produced in Ningguo and Panlong, and white and yellow are the most precious ..." As for the peony in Tongling, according to the Records of Tongling County, "There is Bai Mudan in the sinus of fairy peony, which is plain and beautiful. It is said that Ge Hong planted it. " Ge Hong was born in the Jin Dynasty. According to this legend, it has a history of 1600 years.
After the founding of New China, China Peony was restored and developed. At present, the cultivated area of Heze Peony has reached more than 50,000 mu, with more than 600 varieties, making it the largest viewing and scientific research center in the world, ranking first in the world.
A few days ago, six new varieties, such as Queen of Spades and Dongli Yin Nan, cultivated in Luoyang International Peony Garden officially passed the appraisal of relevant departments. So far, the variety of peony in Luoyang has increased from 1030 last year to 1036.