In order to implement the spirit of the "Strategy for Accelerating Jiangsu Coastal Development" and "Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Tourism" discussed and adopted in principle by the State Council, we will explore the history and culture of Xiangshui Ancient Yuntiguan and accelerate the development of Xiangshui tourism. . After preliminary investigation and study, and reviewing historical materials, the summary is as follows: Zhejiang Customs was founded in the 24th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1685). It is one of the four earliest customs establishments in China and the first agency in China to take on modern customs functions. The former site of Zhejiang Customs is a typical public office building in Ningbo. It was built in the 11th year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1861) and has three floors.
"Jiang Customs", in the 24th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government issued the "Chihai Ban", which ended the maritime self-closure policy implemented in the early Ming Dynasty and established four major customs along the coast. Among them, " "Jiangsu Customs" (ie Jiangsu Customs) is located in Shanghai. During the Xiao Dao Hui Uprising in 1853, its office was destroyed. Around 1860, it was rebuilt at No. 343, Waima Road near Baidu Road. In 1922, it was converted into a three-story Western-style garden house by a foreign architect. This is the earliest customs site preserved in Shanghai.
According to the "Funing County Chronicle": "Before the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Beisha was the mouth of the sea. It took the Huaihe River from the Yellow River and flowed into the sea. The silt gradually increased, and there were more than ten soil sets (bends), shaped like Yunti Pass is therefore named Yunti Pass. Jin Fu, the governor of the Qinghe River, mentioned in the book "Opening the River Mouth": "I don't know when the Yunti Pass started. It was the place where the Huanghuai River entered the sea. It was just outside the pass. Sea." From this we can see that the name of "Yunti" pass comes from the geographical situation of the pass. It is estimated that Yuntiguan was built in the Song and Yuan Dynasties at the latest. According to "Historical Records. According to ancient books such as "Biographies of East Vietnam", "Warring States Policy", "Chronicles of Bamboo Books", and "Biography of Sun En in the Book of Jin", checkpoints were established here to collect customs duties, consolidate national defense, and facilitate trade and shipping. Therefore, Yunti Pass is one of the national gates of coastal defense in the past dynasties. , so it is natural that it was prosperous back then. According to folklore, when the famous founding general Xue Rengui of the Tang Dynasty returned from the Eastern Expedition, Cheng Yaojin once greeted him at Yuntiguan to welcome his triumphant return. The horse unloading platform and horse tying posts used by Xue Rengui and the war horse drinking trough used by Cheng Yaojin are still circulated today.
Beijing was established as the capital in the Yuan Dynasty, and grain was mainly transported by sea. The huge fleets transported by water on the Huaihe River generally came in and out through this place, either going south to Fujian and Zhejiang, or north to Qilu, or going westward against the Huaihe River. Yunti Pass became an important pass for water transportation. At that time, there were two main routes for water transportation to Beijing: First, when Suzhou's grain was shipped, it took Liujiagang in Taicang to enter the sea, arrived at Huai'an via the Haimen waterway, and then via the Huaihe River to Yunti Pass to enter the sea and head north; second, grain from other areas in the south of the Yangtze River was first concentrated in Yangzhou, and then get on the boat and go north to Sheyang Lake. Pass through Yunti Pass and enter the sea to reach Beijing. Place names such as Daguan, Qian Wharf, Yang Wharf, and Wang Wharf are still preserved near Yunti Pass, which shows the scale and function of the pass at that time.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this place was an important shipping route for the people of the Soviet Union, Shandong and Liao Dynasties, and all merchant ships came and went from here.
The second issue of "Customs Research" in 2003 published "One of the earliest customs in Chinese history--Yunti Pass" written by the author Li Jian. The scientific research and examination of Yunti Pass today Value: As early as the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Yancheng had a customs - Yunti Pass. In 1194 AD, the coastline at that time was in today's Guanyun County-Xiangshui-Yuntiguan-Yangzhai area, and all to the east was the Yellow Sea. According to records: "Before the Northern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, Beisha (place name) was the entrance to the customs. It took the Huaihe River from the Yellow River and flowed into the sea. The silt gradually increased and there were more than ten soil covers, shaped like a cloud ladder, so it was named Yunti Pass."
"Since ancient times, there has been a Yunti Pass in the eighteen bends of the Yellow River. Yunti Pass is really ancient. It is said that it was built in the Zhou Dynasty and rebuilt in Jiaqing..." This Yunti Pass is mentioned in a nursery rhyme spread along the old route of the Yellow River. , located in today's Huangwei Town, Xiangshui County. According to historical records, for more than a thousand years from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Yuntiguan Pass was regarded as the jewel in the palm of emperors of all dynasties. It is backed by the Yellow River and overlooks the Yellow Sea. Historians call it "the first pass in the Jianghuai Plain".
This pass is mentioned in the book "A Pilgrimage to the Tang Dynasty" written by the eminent Japanese monk Ennin and in many poems of the Tang Dynasty. This shows that the pass was built in the Tang Dynasty at the latest.
According to the "Miaogang (today's Fucheng) Town Chronicles": "Before the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Guandang was the mouth of the Huaihe River. Later, the sand and soil rose eastward, and there were more than ten soil sleeves, shaped like cloud ladders, so it was named Yunti. close.". Yunti Pass was located on the north bank of the ancient Huaihe River estuary (Jianyan of Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty). The Huaihe River was powerful and the boats were convenient. The imperial court set up a checkpoint here to collect customs duties, consolidate national defense, and facilitate trade and shipping. In the fifth year of Shaoxi reign of Emperor Guangzong of the Song Dynasty (1194), after the Yellow River captured the Huaihe River, it became the mouth of the Yellow River. Yunti Pass controls the river and the sea. It was once a shipping gateway and an important thoroughfare for inland waterway transportation. The geographical location is very important and it was once one of the gates of various dynasties. In the early Ming Dynasty, Dahe Guard was set up here, five earthen cities were built, and troops were stationed to prevent Japanese pirates from invading. In the 34th year (1555) and the 16th year (1557) of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, Japanese pirates invaded Yuntiguan twice, but were defeated by local soldiers and civilians. From the Kangxi to Xianfeng years of the Qing Dynasty, the governor of the river and other officials were stationed here all year round. "The vast road outside Yuntiguan is filled with sorrow all night long." This is the emotion expressed by Gong Zizhen, a famous writer and thinker in the Qing Dynasty, at Yuntiguan.
After hundreds of years of siltation and relocation of ocean currents, the coastline gradually extended eastward. By the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Haikou had moved more than fifty miles from Yunti Pass. By the fifth year of Xianfeng (AD 1855), Huangshan When Hebei returned to the sea from Shandong, Yunti Pass was more than 130 miles away from Haikou. Yunti Pass was transformed from the original pass into a land. Because it completely lost its customs defense function, this year, the Qing government officially abolished Yunti Pass. In 2003, the Thai Buddhist Society also donated more than 30,000 volumes of scriptures to enrich the materials for the restoration and reconstruction of Yunti Pass. At the end of 2004, CCTV's "Traveling in China" column specially conducted interviews and filming on the Yuntiguan ruins.
According to expert research, China has not yet discovered a second ancient pass site that integrates multiple functions like Yunti Pass. therefore. Historians call it "the first pass on the southeast coast". Wanghai Tower is the tallest building in Yuntiguan. It was built in the Tang Dynasty and was originally named Haidai Tower. Du Fu's poem "Later Leaving the Fortress" of the Tang Dynasty includes: "The floating clouds are connected to the sea and the Dai, the plains are entering the green Xu", "The cloud sails are turning to the Liaohai Sea, and the japonica rice is coming to Soochow", which describes the grand shipping of Yunti Pass at that time. Climb the building and look eastward, you will see the vast Huai River, dotted with white sails, and the scenery is infinite.
Dr. Cao Hailin, a sociology expert at Yancheng Institute of Technology, believes that Yancheng has a long history, but there are not many valuable historical relics. It is indeed very rare to find such sites and should be fully utilized. "In the process of modern economic development, many cities rely on such historical relics and sites to develop tourism resources and create city business cards. Yancheng can definitely learn from and learn from the successful practices of others." Dr. Cao Hailin said that first of all, the government should pay attention to it and determine the scale and value of the cultural relics after verification, so as to dig them out from the ground and create a city card. This is also an improvement to the image and taste of Yancheng city, and the world can also use it to You can learn more about Yancheng and become familiar with Yancheng through such cultural relics.
Guyuntiguan coastal defense, shipping, customs, water conservancy and other sites are the wealth of Xiangshui people and the wealth of all mankind. Through cultural bridges, people from all over the world can participate in and enjoy the history of China’s Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Come from culture. The planning and construction of the ancient Yuntiguan tourist area uses the light of modern civilization to illuminate the ancient Yuntiguan culture that has been maintained for nearly 1,300 years. It is a great undertaking that showcases the grand scenes of ancient coastal defense, shipping, customs, and water conservancy to benefit mankind and future generations.
The ancient Yuntiguan Pass is one of the nodes of the geographical dividing line between north and south of China recognized by the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping. The Abandoned Yellow River is the old way for the Yellow River and the Huaihe River to enter the sea, and the Yuntiguan Pass is located just to the north of it.
To sum up, Yunti Pass, as a comprehensive site of coastal defense, shipping, customs, water conservancy, etc., should prepare to build a "Coastal Defense, Shipping, Customs, Water Conservancy and Other Sites Museum". Recast the soul of ancient Yunti Pass. Following the principle of "site protection and extended development", we will explore the history of coastal defense, shipping, customs, water conservancy, etc. around the ancient Yuntiguan site, and reinterpret the historical, cultural, scientific and artistic value of the ancient Yuntiguan.
Based on the existing first phase of the ancient Yunti Guan Yuwang Temple complex and the 10,000-acre protective forest of the abandoned Yellow River, we will excavate ancient coastal defense, shipping, customs, water conservancy and other sites, and build a themed site museum, customs and folk customs exhibition hall, Historical legends, water scenery (abandoned Yellow River culture), and cultural and ecological landscapes. Carry forward Huaihai opera and kite art (named the "Hometown of Kites" by the Jiangsu Provincial Government in 1992), and develop intangible cultural heritage with strong local characteristics. Create an important tourist attraction in the Yangtze River Delta region featuring ancient Huai culture and Guguan culture.
Strengthen horizontal joint regional cooperation, focus on information exchange and cooperation with surrounding developed tourism regions and tourist source areas, and give full play to the overall advantages of comprehensive utilization of resources. Expand and enjoy the tourism market to achieve sustainable development of Xiangshui tourism. Utilize the existing tourism resources such as the Yuwang Temple in the first phase of Ancient Yuntiguan, the Main Hall, Wanghai Tower, and the Stele Guard Pavilion, and carry out tourism promotion and planning for the scenic spot while building relevant supporting facilities. Set up Guyuntiguan Scenic Spot tourist signs at the intersections of coastal highways, National Highway 204 and scenic spots, and open up land-to-ground attractions together with Guanhe New Eight Scenic Spots, Guanjiang Estuary coastal natural tourism resources, red tourism resources, industrial and cultural tourism resources, farmhouses, etc. On the day tour route, Xiangshui tourism resources with Guyuntiguan as the core are promoted in highway service areas, passenger terminals, hotels, buses, taxis and prominent locations in the city. Accelerate the investment promotion and construction progress of the second phase of the Guyun Tiguan Scenic Area project to promote the rapid development of Xiangshui tourism industry.
At the same time, we carefully explore and guide Xiangshui’s local tourism products, including Xiaojian’s willow handicrafts, clay figurines, shallow water lotus roots, flowers, and pollution-free vegetables, Nanhe’s plush toys and watermelons, and Lao She’s red borders. Green lentils, East Asian migratory locusts, colorful pheasants, Qianzhangbaiye and beef from Huangwei, grass eggs, grass chickens, insect chickens, Zhongshanhe wine from Xiangshui Town and Dayou Town, seven sets of eucommia, ginkgo, mutton, and miscellaneous grains, Six sets of chrysanthemums, stevia, horseradish, peanuts, Chenjiagang's seafood, seafood soy sauce, fireworks, shell crafts, etc. have been upgraded. We have focused on product packaging and publicity, expanded production scale, created Xiangshui characteristics, and moved towards the big tourism market. , enriching the development of Xiangshui tourism industry.
Xiangshui County Tourism Bureau
March 1, 2010