The ancients' understanding of aesthetic education or "music education" was first directed at people's hearts. When people come to this world, they will react naturally to all kinds of difficulties and problems, which is the basis of human social behavior.
Aesthetic education is not only the social norm of human's biological attributes, but also the moral education, which is the basis of improving aesthetic and humanistic quality. "Emotion moves in China, so it is sound shape" is a biological attribute, and "sound writing" is the result of natural selection and social education. The function of education here is not only to acquire knowledge and behavior norms, but also to make people's behavior conform to social standards.
Therefore, making students adapt to the requirements of social development is one of the basic goals of aesthetic education. "Taking morality as pleasure" is not only the requirement of artistic content, but also the embodiment of artistic education function. The highest realm of aesthetic education is to teach children "moral integrity", and to teach them the best things is in line with both artistic laws and social moral standards. This is the requirement for the content of aesthetic education in schools.
At the same time, "virtue" is also the embodiment of educational function. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in "Speech at the Symposium on Literature and Art Work" that our literary and art workers should "preserve righteousness for history and promote virtue for the world". Aesthetic education should also preserve righteousness for history and carry forward social virtues. Therefore, aesthetic education is a very important part of moral education, the most important foundation to realize people's all-round development and the fundamental task of educating people.
Judging from the structure of "moral, intellectual and physical beauty", intellectual education is an education to educate the mind, form knowledge and master skills. The goal of physical education is physical and mental health and physical health. Moral education is to make people conform to social norms and moral standards. Aesthetic education is also aimed at people's biological attributes, but it is a transformation, not an amplification of people's biological attributes. Only aesthetic education is the thorough transformation of human biological attributes and the most important foundation of education.
Second, the "functional value" of aesthetic education
The function of aesthetic education is to promote the consistency of people's external behavior and internal experience, which is the basis for China culture to emphasize the coordination between morality and music education. "Rite" means "detour, feel inferior and respect others" ("Book of Rites Quli"), and the behavior should conform to social norms and restrain one's inner impulses.
"Music" is a direct effect on people's inner impulses, which makes inner feelings expressed in a way that conforms to social ethics. The combination of "ceremony" and "music" can achieve the purpose of eliminating inner anxiety and standardizing external behavior, and achieve the consistency of "moral understanding" and "moral behavior"
In the process of a person's growth, "ceremony" and "music" are indispensable. The education in ancient China was not only the restraint of external behavior, but also the edification of people's inner anxiety and primitive biological impulse.
Confucius' six arts of "ritual, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and number" have actually covered the four aspects of "moral, intellectual and physical beauty" that we advocate today.
First of all, "rites and music" is the education of morality and aesthetic education, and it is the education of "being a man", which makes people's inner feelings and external behaviors conform to social norms and moral requirements.
Second, "shooting defense" is "skill education", which is the most basic skill of the ancients in war and daily life, and it is also the most basic skill for a person to settle down.
Third, "books and numbers" is the basic "knowledge education". "Shooting, Imperial" and "Book Number" are all used directly after learning. Only "rites and music" teach you to be a man, which is every moment of daily life. In this sense, the "six arts" of the ancients are our present "moral, intellectual and physical beauty".
The Realization Path of Aesthetic Education
At present, there are two aspects to realize the value of aesthetic education, one is the acquisition of knowledge and skills, and the other is the practice of art.
Knowledge sources include Chinese, history, geography, ideological and moral, social practice and other courses, and even mathematics, physics and chemistry, biology and other courses, which can be the knowledge and skills basis for students to improve their aesthetic and humanistic quality.
Among them, Chinese, history and geography are very important carriers of a nation's humanities and aesthetics. From the specific aspects of aesthetic education, art courses such as music and art include the acquisition of both artistic knowledge and artistic skills.
Teaching children basic artistic skills is equivalent to the functions of words and reading articles in our Chinese curriculum. Therefore, one of the core tasks of aesthetic education is to take "church" as the basic goal, no matter what to teach children, including painting, music, dance, musical instruments, performance, recitation and so on. , but it must be taught.
The first thing in the reform of art education is to regard "church" as a basic goal of art class. Different schools can adapt to local conditions, and different school classes can choose different content. The goal of "sports art 2+ 1" put forward by the Ministry of Education embodies "church", in which "1" means that students should master at least one artistic skill.
A lot of things will never be done if you don't do them. Of course, you have to practice to learn to play the pipa, and just practicing is not enough. More importantly, performance, because the feeling of practicing by yourself is completely different from performing in public on the stage. Just like when we learn Chinese, we start with word recognition, then make up words, make sentences and read a whole article. In this whole process, students can be influenced by ideas and shaped by values, which is a very important function of Chinese class.
Therefore, the content of Chinese examination includes word recognition, word formation, sentence making, paragraph effect analysis and so on. But you must have a composition at the end. Composition reflects a kind of thinking ability, which is the innate quality of students. Art courses such as music and art teach children all skills; But if children are not allowed to practice, they can't perform, just as writing is never taught in Chinese class.
As an aesthetic education course, without practice, there will be no improvement of internal cultivation. Only by combining "learning" with "acting" can the value of aesthetic education be truly realized.
The above contents refer to the analysis of China People and the Ministry of Education on the value and realization path of aesthetic education.