Original text:
Poor girl from your grave
When the time comes, the archers will be ordered again, and all the young and old will gather.
It rained heavily and was very cold, and more than a hundred people died.
From Yanghe to Laoniupi in Kunyang, zombies follow one after another.
The poor girl in your grave cries with a sad voice.
I say that I have an old father, but I am lonely and have no young man.
The county magistrates dare not resist.
Don’t stay when the superintendent orders you. Long Zhong goes to carry his staff.
I work diligently with my neighbors, and I am happy to be close to each other.
When I returned home after hearing the news, I still had strong doubts about the interrogation.
Sure enough, in the cold rain, dead on the river.
Weak people have no support, and dead bodies cannot be buried.
Girls are not as good as boys, so what’s the use of them!
Calling to the sky, life and death will be inevitable?
Translation:
There was a poor housewife on the bank of the Ru River. She cried while walking with a sad and sad voice.
He said: "My father is old at home, and the only daughter is lonely and not as strong as the male.
The county officials were so rude when they arrested Ding, but the county officials never obeyed orders. Dare to resist.
I urge you not to stop for a moment, and I have to hold on to my crutches when I am caught.
I am very diligent in asking my neighbors, and I am lucky to have many people come to help me. < /p>
A woman is weak and weak, and her body is left in the wilderness, with no money to bury her.
Then she realizes that it is better to have only a boy in the world. What can she do in this world? < /p>
I cry out to the sky with my chest in my chest, what will happen to me in life and death?
Appreciation:
This poem describes the poverty of your grave. The woman cried and complained about the disaster and pain caused by the military service of the imperial court to the people. The writing of this poem is based on historical facts. The author's original annotation said that "when the time comes, the archers will be ordered again, and all the young and old will gather." According to "The First Cutting Son" of Sima Guang's "On Righteousness and Yong Liu Cutting Son" written at the same time as the author said: "Kangding , on the occasion of Qingli, Zhao Yuanwu rebelled... The country was short of regular soldiers, so he was a native of Shaanxi, and he chose one of the three to be the local archer... Between the villages, there was panic, sorrow and resentment... The family was displaced, and the countryside was wandering. "Exhausted." (See Volumes 31 to 32 of "Collected Works of Wen Guowen Zheng and Sima Gong") can be mutually corroborated with this poem. The difference is that this poem vividly reflects this period of history with the tragic image of a family. The old man Longzhong applied for the army with a stick and died in the rainy and cold weather. A weak and poor girl with no support. ?” This desperate call for life exposes the cruelty and evil of military service more vividly, vividly and profoundly than historical records. This is the artistic height reached by this poem.
This is a narrative poem. The first two sentences explain the environment and introduce the characters. "Rufen" refers to the bank of Ruhe River in Henan. There is a poem "Ru Tomb" in "The Book of Songs·Zhou Nan". The poem is said in a woman's voice: "The bream fish forehead and tail, the royal family is like ruined. Although it is like ruined, the parents are far away." Zhu Xi's "Collected Notes" believes that it is written "Ru Tomb" "People who serve in the service of Zhou, and their family members see that they are diligent and work hard." It was such a coincidence that King Zhou, the most reactionary king in history, recruited corvees here, and Song Renzong also recruited soldiers here. The poet told readers the nature of this corvee through this typical environment that is easy to associate. Next, the sins of corvee are also complained in the tone of women - "The sound of crying is sad", which is really a high-level artistic summary! Look at her crying while walking, how miserable and sad her voice is! The atmosphere created by this sentence alone has enveloped the entire article.
From "I say I have an old father" onwards, it can be divided into three paragraphs. This woman has only one old father to depend on for her life. The phrase "lonely without a young man" is very similar to the Northern Dynasty folk song "Mulan Poetry" that says "My father has no eldest son, and Mulan has no eldest brother." After explaining the family members, they said that county officials suddenly came to the door and took the old father away. The word "violent" expresses the ferocious momentum of the county officials, and the sentence "the county officials dare not resist" is a complement to the word "violent". Even the county officials dare not disobey, let alone the common people. The "county official" here may be the poet referring to himself. The words "supervision and dispatch" almost made one hear the scolding of the county officials. They urged the strong men to leave the village fiercely, without delay, let alone staying. Although the woman's father is already very old, he has difficulty walking and has to go to the barracks on crutches. When the daughter saw this, she couldn't bear it, so she repeatedly asked the neighbor who was arrested, hoping that the neighbor would take care of her father on the road. The words "four neighbors" reflect the number of people arrested, which is probably much greater than the "choose one from three" recorded in history. The above is the first paragraph. [8]? After a while, people in the village were gradually released, and the woman quickly went to find out. In her mind, her father might still be able to survive. The words "suspicious but strong" describe the character's psychological state very aptly, which makes people think that after her father passed away, she was always uneasy in her heart, with mixed doubts: at one time she was worried that her father would collapse from exhaustion, and at the other time she hoped that he would come back alive. Due to such preparation, the following "Sure enough, in the cold rain, dead on the river" was like a bolt from the blue, shocking the woman's soul.
Ah, my father died indeed, in the heavy rain and cold weather, in the "zombie-laden" soil river! At this point, the poem reaches its climax. This is the second paragraph.
My father died, leaving only a lonely and weak girl. Who can I rely on? My father's body is lying in the river. Who will bury it? The living are in such pain and the dead are so miserable. This is a tragic picture. Faced with such a reality, the woman had no choice but to feel sorry for herself: She hated that as a woman, she could not join the army on her father's behalf, nor could she bury her father. Even though she was alive, what was the use of it? Finally, she beat her chest and stamped her feet, shouting to the sky, not knowing whether it was life or death. "Jian Nai Xiang", according to the third volume of Zhang Xiang's "Explanation of Poems, Songs and Vocabulary", it says: "The meaning is just like the cloud Nai He." For example, Huang Tingjian's "Guitian Le Yin" poem: "The past happiness is not over, but Nai Xiang is now worried. "Tie!" is a common saying in the Song Dynasty. This poem ends with these three words, which is quite consistent with what the poet said: "The words are exhausted but the meaning is not exhausted, and the meaning is exhausted but the emotion is not exhausted". It is worthy of people's pondering and pondering. This is the third paragraph.
The characteristic of this poem is the sincere emotion in the narrative. Although the author objectively reflects the suffering brought by corvee work to the people at that time, he expresses the love between father and daughter and his opposition to tyranny through the mouths of the characters in the poem. Especially the last paragraph describes the road where the old man died, and the daughter wanted to bury her but she could not. The fate is uncertain, life and death are uncertain, the sky is screaming and the earth is fighting, which is deeply touching. Therefore, this poem can also be called "narrative lyric poetry".
After reading the whole poem, it is worth marveling at the poet's creative courage. He pointed his sharp pen directly at the military system of the Song Dynasty and fiercely opposed the wars carried out by the rulers. The sentence "Why are the county officials violent when they come? The county officials dare not resist" is worth pondering. Why are the county officials so cruel? Why did the county magistrate dare not disobey? In short, it’s because it’s a big deal. Doesn't this imply that there is support from the imperial court? In the Song Dynasty, those who used poetry to ridicule current affairs were often punished. Su Shi's "Wutai Poetry Case" is an example. It is indeed very rare for Mei Yaochen, who was slightly earlier than Su Shi, to use poems that were much more intense than Su Shi.