Poetry is the oldest literary genre in China literature, and it is a literary style that the author reflects social life with rich feelings and imagination, clear rhythm and harmonious and refined language. In Chinese textbooks for senior high schools, ancient poems occupy a certain proportion (the new syllabus clearly stipulates that students are required to recite 50 ancient poems and songs). In the previous college entrance examination, the content of poetry appreciation in the separate examination occupied a certain weight. In addition, ancient poetry is a bright pearl in the treasure house of China ancient literature. Inheriting and carrying forward excellent national culture and improving students' ideological understanding, moral cultivation, cultural taste and aesthetic taste are the purposes of our Chinese teaching. It can be seen that how to cultivate students' ability to appreciate poetry in high school Chinese teaching can not be ignored. Literary appreciation is the feeling, analysis and evaluation of literary works when people read them. It is an aesthetic cognitive activity and the highest level of reading ability. For students, the appreciation of literary works is based on recitation, understanding and analysis, which develops a new level of ability in reading, while the appreciation of ancient poems is often difficult to appreciate other literary styles. Teaching must be based on students' actual foundation and how to cultivate this ability level. First of all, we should guide students to appreciate the diction and sentence-making of poetry. The language unit of prose is sentence, and poetry is word-based, which summarizes rich content with the least language. Therefore, ancient poets in China paid great attention to the scrutiny and tempering of poetry. "Sing a song and break a few whiskers." As the saying goes, many poets always express their deep feelings in real life in the simplest language. Teachers must guide students to realize that the language of literary works is the most basic material for literary works to shape artistic images. Like materials for furniture, mud for burning ceramics, and materials for building houses. But these things must be carefully selected in advance before they can be made into high-grade furniture, burned into exquisite pottery and built into solid houses. Teachers should use more concrete examples to guide students to understand the language materials of poetry, and must choose vivid ones. The so-called vivid image is to describe the external perceptual characteristics of social life concretely and accurately, so that people can feel real, see people, smell sounds, touch things and enter the environment. As Liu Xie, a literary critic in China, pointed out when summing up the experience of using language in China's ancient poems: "Burning peach blossoms is fresh, like willow, noisy like sunrise, like rain and snow, whistling yellow birds, learning the rhyme of grass and insects is a bright star." For example, in Tao Yuanming's poem "Birds love the old forest, fish ponds miss home", the poet carefully chose the words "love" and "thinking", which vividly expressed the poet's desire to get rid of the bondage and return to nature. The word "green" in Wang Anshi's sentence "Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan" shows that the spring breeze brings infinite vitality to the land in the south of the Yangtze River, and shows that the scenery in the early spring in the south of the Yangtze River is beautiful and pleasant, and the word "green" gives people a sense of intangible natural seasons. The word "noisy" in Song Qi's "Noisy branches of red apricot in spring" fully shows the specific characteristics of apricot flowers, which is full of enthusiasm and gives people a sense of noise. Not only that, but also shows the lively scene of butterflies flying on the branches of apricot trees. The word "noisy" can be seen everywhere, and the gorgeous scenery of spring is vividly on the paper. For example, the word "one" in the sentence "Old village in Zita Law, which opened branches last night" properly represents the early plum blossom. The above examples are all vivid examples of ancient poets' words. To this end, teachers must guide students to compare from the opposite side. Why didn't Wang Anshi use the spring breeze to come to Jiang Nanan again? Why doesn't Song Qi use "the branches of red apricots look good in spring"? Why didn't Miracle "open several branches last night"? This positive and negative contrast makes students realize the beauty of refined words in poetry. In addition, students should be guided to pay attention to the meaning of poetic language when appreciating poetic words. The so-called implication is to hide thoughts and feelings in the image and let the intention overflow beyond words. Scientists use abstract thinking to make the truth as simple as possible, and artists use image thinking to hide their thoughts and feelings in the image. As Liu Zhiji, an ancient literary critic in China, said, "Words are near and far, and words are shallow and deep. Although the words have been exhausted, the meaning is not exhausted. " For example, in Drinking, Tao Yuanming said, "Under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, you can see the mountains leisurely, and the mountains are getting better and better, and the birds return." In his poems, the poet does not understand what he wants to express and pursue, but hides and stays in some scenes that refuse to understand the truth, such as "clearing the wilderness and returning to the countryside". In the "clumsy" sentence, the poet does not directly express his original intention, but uses implicit and euphemistic irony to show that he sticks to good sentiments and does not want to get involved in dirty official life. It can be seen that poetry is very particular about the implication of language. Secondly, we should guide students to appreciate the artistic conception of poetry. The theme of poetry is usually expressed through artistic conception, which is an artistic introduction formed by the fusion of the author's thoughts and feelings with the life picture described. The way to experience artistic conception is to induce students to grasp the picture and atmosphere of poetry to understand and feel what "emotion" is in "this moment" and "this scene". The basic ways of scene combination in poetry are: scene lyricism, direct expression, scene lyricism and scene interaction. It is often more difficult for students to appreciate the artistic conception of poetry than to appreciate the words of poetry. This requires teachers to seriously induce students to grasp it from two aspects. One is to grasp the author's thoughts and feelings, because the world in poetry is an emotional world. "Preface to Mao Poetry" said: "Emotion moves in China and is shaped by words. If you don't have enough words, you will lament, and if you don't have enough words, you will sing. " In other words, poetry is an expression of excitement. "Poet, chant temperament." What constitutes the emotional world of poetry is the poet's "temperament". "Temperament" is an emotion with strong personality characteristics. The second is to grasp the picture of the work. The poet's observation, experience, thoughts in his mind, feelings in real life, association and imagination should be vividly reproduced in language according to the requirements of the law of thinking itself. For example, "The stars fall from the clearing, and the moon rushes to the river" (Du Fu's One Night in a Foreign Country), the picture presented by the poet is that the stars are low, the Ye Ping is boundless, the moon is surging with the waves, and the river is gurgling. How does the poet feel in these scenes? In addition to grasping the picture, it is also related to the poet's situation and feelings at that time. When the two are integrated, it is not difficult for us to understand that poets use music scenes to write sadness. With the vast Ye Ping, mighty rivers and splendid stars and moons, the poet's lonely image and even his sad mood with nothing to say are reflected. The vast expanse of water and sky, the fall of Sha Ou, and people like Sha Ou turned to the rivers and lakes one after another to express their feelings through the scenery, which profoundly showed the poet's inner drift and sadness. Third, guide students to appreciate poetry from a rhetorical perspective. The artistic techniques of poetry are varied. China's poetry creation has accumulated extremely rich and valuable artistic experience. Among them, Fu, Bi and Xing are three traditional ways of expression. In view of the teaching requirements, we only need to guide students' appreciation from poetic figures of speech. Rhetoric, also known as rhetoric, is a variety of rhetoric methods formed by deliberately processing language in order to use language more effectively and enhance the expression effect of language. Therefore, according to the characteristics of poetic language, such as vividness, neatness and lyricism, we can guide rhetoric and seek corresponding rhetoric. Generally speaking, in order to make the poetic language vivid, poets often use figures of speech such as metaphor, comparison and exaggeration to enhance the expressive effect of language education and make it vivid. For example, Bai Juyi used a series of metaphors to write illusory and fleeting intangible music. The vocal music produced by pipa girls playing pipa is extremely vivid, which makes readers feel the sound and see the shape, not only arouses readers' hearing and vision, but also stimulates readers' association and imagination. "Peacock flies from east to west, wandering for five miles" The opening of Peacock Flying Southeast in Han Yuefu triggered poetry, set off the atmosphere, and made the artistic image of poetry more typical and tragic. Metaphor is also a common figure of speech in ancient poetry. Things are anthropomorphic, wonderful and spiritual. For example, Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night depicts the rainy scene on a spring night and expresses his joy. The first couplet "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes" arrived in time when this budding spring needed it. Zhuan Xu "sneaked into the night with the wind and moistened things silently." Further deepen personification. Praise the rain on people's sleeping nights, quietly arrival with the breeze. Listen silently, carefully and intensively. Butter moistens everything in the world. It is not intended to please. Dont Ask For Help knew that poets were the embodiment of spring rain. At the same time, it captures the subtle and silent characteristics of spring rain from the hearing, and describes it vividly and accurately. Poems and ballads should not only be vivid and vivid, but also reflect their musical beauty and neatness. This is because in addition to the harmony of pronunciation, the compatibility of clarity and turbidity, the alternation and even rhyme of four tones, poets often use antithetical rhetoric to make the poetic language neat and rhythmic. In the language of ancient poetry, duality has a high rhetorical effect. It expresses concentrated connotation through uniform appearance and formal beauty, which makes readers easily perceive the harmonious rhythm (regularity) of association and memory after reading and gives people a kind of beautiful enjoyment. Parallelism is different from duality. In ancient poetry, poets used dual rhetoric everywhere. It can also be said that without duality, poetry could not be achieved. The degree of parallelism is different. This figure of speech is only used in ancient poems, such as "the car market horse, the west saddle, the south bridle and the north whip" in Mulan Ci, "the petty officials in the fifteenth house, the doctors in the twentieth dynasty, the thirty ministers and the residents in the forty specialized cities." In Peacock Flying Southeast, "Thirteen can weave ropes, fourteen can cut clothes, fifteen can play the piano and sixteen can recite poems." The above examples are all sentences in classical poetry. By using these rhetorical devices, the poet not only touched the readers' hearts again and again with this coherent language flow, but also made the poem have a distinct rhythm and neat language. In addition, the lyricism of poetic language is often expressed by figures of speech such as repetition and contrast. Beating, pun, irony and contrast are also common figures of speech used by poets to express the implication of poetic language. In short, the appreciation of ancient poetry is based on understanding, and there can be no appreciation without understanding. If students do not have rhetorical guidance in their taste and appreciation of ancient poetry, they will not reach this level of ability.