Yuan Zhen's experience of relegation is similar to Bai Juyi's. In the fifth year of Yuanhe (8 10), he was a corrupt official in Yinfang, Henan Province, which was envied by dignitaries at home and abroad. He was demoted to join the army as a Jinshi in Jiangling County. When I was in Jiangling, I wrote ten songs of Chu, the ten of which said: "Eight hunger is the same as the sun and the moon, and mountains and rivers are eternal." Life and death are determined by fate, and rise and fall are also handed over to heaven. Wang Qi's residual fu, Qu Ping was indignant. Each buried a secret hatred, and the river finally disappeared. [14] In the fourth volume, there is neither resentment nor admiration, but from the perspective of a bystander, it makes a rational judgment on the history of Chu Ci and Qu Yuan's grief and bitterness. Therefore, A Qing poet Huang Shucan wrote in Volume 3: "This poem says that mountains and rivers are the same, and people's poverty is always determined by fate, such as RoyceWong's poem" Climbing the Building "and Qu Ping's poem" Lisao ",which is empty and self-complaining, and the river flows naturally, and it is always difficult to delay hidden grievances. "There are ten clouds in Yuan Zhen's ten poems about Xia:" After the death of all souls, it is a common orchid. Colorful green zongzi, fragrant white jade balls. The dead are gone, and the hardships are sweet, but today is joy. Alas, if you are a celebrity, you will find it difficult to die. " [14] 76 yuan joined the army in Jiangling prefecture. Dragon Boat Festival, because there was a custom to commemorate Qu Yuan at that time, I wrote this poem. "The dead suffer, the present is happy", and the meaning of trial is also very strong. Like Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen admired Tao Yuanming. In his poem "Returning to the Field", he said, "Tao Jun is thirty-seven, hanging in the capital. I will go to Xi 'an Village in Shangshan again this year. Repair the abbot's house in winter and plant orange orchards in spring. There are thousands of things in the world, and we will never say anything again. " [14] 163 yuan and the tenth year (8 15), Yuan Zhen was born in Tongzhou Sima, and this poem was written on the way to relegation. The frustration of his official career made him yearn for rural life, but this yearning was only compensation for spiritual life, not the pursuit of spiritual world. In the process of being relegated, Yuan Zhen also had the complex of Qu Yuan and Tao Yuanming, which was similar to Bai Juyi on the surface. But he neither pursued Bai Juyi's pursuit nor reached Bai Juyi's spiritual realm.
three
Han Yu was demoted twice. First, because the palace city was demoted to Yangshan by the suggestion. Later Cao Cao joined the army in Jiangling County. Second, the assistant minister of punishments was demoted to Chaozhou secretariat for criticizing Xianzong for welcoming Buddha bones by mistake. Soon, he moved to Yuanzhou and soon returned to work in North Korea. Han Yu's works during his relegation still show a strong Qu Yuan complex.
Han Yu's poem "Xiang Zhong" said: "The ape is worried about the fish jumping into the water, which has been circulated as Miluo since ancient times. ? There is nowhere to drink when the algae are full, and Kong Wen fishermen sing. " At the end of Zhenyuan, Han Jianjun was advised. The admonishers discussed the disadvantages of the court market, but Dezong didn't listen. However, in the last chapter, Han Yu talked a lot, which angered Dezong and was demoted to Lianzhou Yangshan Order. In the twentieth year of Zhenyuan (804), he arrived in Xiangzhong on his way to his post and wrote this poem. "Chu?" is used in the poem. The allusion in the poem "Fisherman" said: "Qu Yuan, once released, swam in Hechi and walked on the river bank, looking haggard and haggard. When the fisherman saw it, he asked, "Isn't this son Dr. San Lv's?" ? Why is this happening? Qu Yuan said:' The world is turbid and I am alone, and everyone is drunk and I am awake alone, so I see it! ..... The fisherman smiles and drums? When the wood world passed away, it was a song that said,' The water in the surging waves is clear, you can hold my tassel. The water in the rough waves is muddy and can lick my feet. ""[16]179-181Han Yu compared himself with Qu Zi to show that the sage was humiliated, while the fisherman expressed his anger by singing songs. Qu Yuan has passed away, and the river flows by itself, so there is no place to pay homage. Therefore, the poet was disappointed. What's more, he heard fishermen singing their own songs, which only increased his melancholy. Between the lines, there is a complaint about being dismissed for no reason. Han Yu's A Foreign Language for Bird, Henan Province describes Yangshan's demotion, which is consistent with the artistic conception of Xiang Zhong Shi Hua: "South, Xiang Shui, Qu Shi Shen. The second princess is fascinated by tears. The mountains lament Pusi, and birds and animals sing. I am singing He Jun, and I am singing a hundred articles. " [17] 3 13 In his relegation, he missed Qu Yuan's poems, including "Accompany Du Shi to visit two temples in western Hunan, leave a topic alone, and present Yang Changshi", which read "Meditate on Qu Yuan's sinking, and remember Jia Yi's falling far away. Pepper orchids are jealous and suspicious. " [15] 288 "Late Berth Estuary": "The county and city are untied, and the river bank is in the village. Two women are crying on the bamboo, and the solitary minister is underwater. Both of them belong to the stinging swallow, and they are called apes. Look back at the smell and don't roll your sleeves. " 〔 15〕330
The second time, he was demoted to Chaozhou secretariat by assistant minister of punishments and moved to Yuanzhou. Although it was a crime on the way, it was also lucky. It pretends to be a poem entitled "Shao Zhang Duangong Awarded Poem in Yuanzhou": "What is the current affairs of the Ming Dynasty? In case of forgiveness, the crime of moving officials has not been removed. Looking north, I ordered geese to be stuffed, and I moved south to avoid burying river fish. " [15] 1 173 The fourth sentence uses the allusion of Qu Yuan's Fisherman's Chapter: "It is better to go to the fragrant willow and bury it in the belly of a river fish." [16]179-180 yuan and in September of the 15th year (820), Han Yubai offered wine to Guo Zi. When he left Yuanzhou in October, he wrote "Sacrifice to the Lady" and said, "In the spring of the year before last, the bandits kept watch. Afraid of death, he was killed by a wave of fog and poison from Yu Haishan as a disaster. Rowing under the temple is to pray to God. God liked his heart and gave him a gift, saying, "As you wish." Blessed by God, enlighten the emperor's heart; Go to the tide for the yuan, set up the dynasty today, and re-chapter. Looking back, I really dreamed that every three years, this is the combination. In the dark, I dare to forget the great protection of God! [17] 324 Han Yu always thinks of Qu Yuan and the gods described in Qu Yuan's works, whether in the process of relegation or when he moved or called in.
Li Shen's relegation was mainly due to the fact that Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Finance was demoted to Duanzhou Sima in the fourth year of Changqing (824). There is only one poem about Qu Yuan's relegation to the south, and only this poem shows the complex of Qu Yuan's relegation to the south: "Qu Yuan died in Xiaoxiang Yin, and the waves are bright and the clouds are heavy." The dragon roared with anger and the tiger roared with anger, and the mountain wood was deep. Smoke rises at sunset, and the mountains reflect thousands of miles. Hong calls away from dusk, but summer does not see the desert. The water and light rivers are dark and the catfish are surging. Pedestrians worry about the bright moon and the stars rise and fall? The son of Qu Yuan, the ghost name, was pregnant with the king, and the water room became a spiritual thing. Why don't you drive lightning to ward off evil spirits, and you are poor and white. Drink a glass to attract your soul, moon shadow? It's time to open a dry Kun. Baishui Heishan is hidden, and Miluo is far away. Sail till dawn, and the mountains will drum. The tide is full of Jiangjin apes singing birds, and Jing Fuchu talks about flying paddles. Xiaoxiang Island is deserted, and the wind is shocking and the water is dark. Come and strike a lonely sigh and ask what your spirit is like. [18] 5462-5463 This poem is a work recalling Yuan Xiao's exile to the south. The first sentence, 12, mourns both Qu Yuan and himself. Against the gloomy background, it shows the pathos and sadness of chasing officials. From the following sentence "Qu Yuan is pregnant with the king", arouse the soul, mourn Qu Yuan, and hope that the gods will drive away evil spirits. In fact, it is also the expression of the author's helpless psychological state after disappointment with reality. The conclusion is that the future is bleak and I don't know what to do. Poems, like Han Yu's poems, all express resentment against his innocent murder, focusing on the expression of personal feelings. Lu Yanping once summarized the tone of Shen Li's poems: "By analyzing the main mentality expressed in Li Shen's poems, we can also see that he is a subjective poet who is good at expressing his feelings. "[19] This judgment is generally good. It can be seen that the Qu Yuan complex between Li Shen and Han Yu is different from the resentful spirit between Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan and Qu Yuan, and also different from the rational examination of Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi.
four
Qu Yuan's Donnan relegation poet complex is closely related to the relegation poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Among the poets relegated to the south, Song and Shen? Qi Quan, Du Fu, Zhang Jiuling, etc. More importantly, the great poet Li Bai exiled Yelang after the "An Shi Rebellion", which added the connotation of resentment to his original Qu Yuan complex. Mr. and Mrs. Shen Song were court poets. After relegating to the south, their unfortunate fate and southern customs changed their poetic style. They injected true feelings into their poems, whirled around with sadness, and felt something about Qu Yuan's relegation career. The Song poem "Send Du" says: "If you don't chase Sun Chu, the boat will be flat." 〔20〕398
Zhang said that he was framed, relegated to Lingnan, and then moved to Yuezhou. There is a farewell poem that says: "Learning to be excellent is an official, and learning to be excellent is an official." Then you know that Jade Qing can't write a book to be lenient unless she is poor, and Jia Yi can't be given self-protection. "[2 1] Volume 294 Although there are no poems directly sung by Qu Yuan, his relegated works are full of tragic words, which are similar to the experiences and feelings of Qu Yuan and Jia Yi.
Zhang Jiuling himself, a southerner, was demoted to Shi 'an, "satirizing birds, sending a message to grass trees and standing with poets" [3] 263. He pursues Qu Yuan's spirit as his ideal personality. Such as his poem "Experience": "Cymbidium leaves are tender, and osmanthus flowers bloom in autumn. Life in the world is full of vitality, which naturally conforms to the beautiful season. Who wants to live in seclusion in the mountains and smell the fragrance, so full of joy. Won't it be more demanding to be transplanted than any other natural flower? "This poem is Zhang Jiuling's masterpiece." The main idea is to inherit the meaning of "I don't know, but I believe" in Qu Yuan's Lisao. It emphasizes the cultivation of the poet's moral quality and expresses the poet's persistent pursuit of the ideal personality "[22] 12 1. There is also the third poem of Five Miscellaneous Poems with the image of Chu Ci: "The coolness lies in Lan, Gan, Kui and Huo." 〔 18〕570
However, the relegated poets in the mid-Tang Dynasty were quite critical of Zhang Jiuling, a famous man in the prosperous Tang Dynasty who also suffered the fate of relegation. Because the relegation of Nan Man in the Tang Dynasty had a lot to do with Zhang Jiuling, he suggested to the emperor that "exiled ministers should not live in good places", which was adopted by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. From then on, Lingnan and Hunan areas, where traffic is difficult, the weather is bad, mountains and rivers are blocked, and the way home is difficult, have become the must-see places for ministers of punishments. Liu Yuxi's Biography of the Old Tang Dynasty said: "Yuxi lived in Xiangcun for many years and was unhappy and unhappy. Because he read Zhang Jiuling's collected works, he stated his meaning:' The world calls Qujiang Xiang, so it is not appropriate to make suggestions, release officials to benefit, and move to the barren land of Wuxi. Reading his article today, I have been safe from the priest to now, and I have a sigh; Ever since I retreated to Jingzhou, I have had the idea of arresting me. Mocking birds, sending messages to grass trees, sharing the same wind with poets. Hey, honey! Being far away, if frustrated, you can't compare with it. If you are cremated in China, you will be ugly, and then you will be happy! "[1] 42 1 1 is quite dissatisfied with what Zhang Jiuling has done.
Because of his romantic feelings for Qu Yuan, Li Bai admired and yearned for Qu Yuan all his life. There are nearly 20 articles about Qu Yuan in his works. First of all, I deeply sympathize with Qu Yuan's experience. His "Quasi-hate Fu" said: "Qu Yuan, a former poet, released Xiang Liu. The heart is dead, the soul is long. ..... bury your bones in the water forever and complain that the king won't accept it. " [23] 15 "Antique" has its fifty-one cloud: "I remonstrate with death, and Qu Yuan fled to xiang yuan. ..... Peng Xian has been gone for a long time. Who does this mean? " [23] 148 "It's hard to go to the sky" The third cloud: "The ancient talents failed to retire, and all of them retired. General Wu's head was hung on the city gate and the poet laureate was drowned in the river. " [23] 19 1 Supplementary Record for Hanyang said: "Pay attention to throwing sand passengers and mourning in your spare time." [23] 582 The second is to imitate Qu Yuan's works. He has Poems on behalf of Chu Ci, which is a poem written by imitating Chu Ci. There are some sentences such as "I hate being alone, but I am hurt when I leave home", "I cried for a long time, and I broke the jade flower on the weekend" [23] 1 182. The third is to admire and appreciate Qu Yuan. One of the clouds in Antique says, "What is sound? You mourn the poet. " [23] 87 "Ode to the River" says: "Qu Ping's Ci Fu hangs the sun and the moon, and the king of Chu is empty. As soon as I was happy, I put pen to paper and shook the five mountains. After the poem was written, the sound of Xiao Ao, Xiao Ao, went straight into the sea. If fame and fortune are long, Hanshui should also flow to the northwest. " [23] 374 The fourth is to regard Qu Yuan as a trusted friend, and even compare himself with Qu Yuan to express his sadness. "Preface to Xia Brothers' Ascending to Longxing Pavilion in Ruzhou" says: "Alas! Both Qu and Song have passed away, and there is nothing to say. " [23] 1290 "single father east building, autumn night to send his brother Shen" cloud: "Looking at Chang' an in the distance, I can't see Chang' an people. On the ninth day of Chang 'an Palace Que, this place was once a near minister. Again, white heart will not change. Qu Ping languishes in the river beach, and Ting Bo is displaced in the three seas. " [23] 787 "Sailing with Friends" says: "Chen Chu hurts Jiang Feng, and Xie Ke picks up the moon. Huai Sha went to Xiaoxiang, and the banquet was full of ghosts. " [23] 929 "Liu Yelang sent Peiyin to Cisse Post": "Empty will sing Zepan and send it to Jiangnan." [23] 685-686 "Farewell to Judge Zheng": "When will you return after three years of mourning? " 〔23〕733
From the above discussion, we can see that the Qu Yuan complex of the relegated poets in the middle Tang Dynasty is similar to their predecessors, but due to the differences of times and individuals, they have their own characteristics. The relegated poets in the early Tang Dynasty made great efforts to express their pursuit of Qu Yuan's ideal personality. Although their experiences are similar to Qu Yuan's, the sad words expressed in their works are not dominant. The Qu Yuan complex of relegated poets in the middle Tang Dynasty is the expression of their grief and indignation. When they are frustrated politically, they seek their own psychological balance by lamenting Qu Yuan's experience, and seek compensation for political failure by studying and pursuing Qu Yuan's literary achievements. Although there are differences between rationality and emotion in their Qu Yuan complex, the overall tragic atmosphere is much stronger than that in the early Tang Dynasty.
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