After reading this book, I feel the long history of China.
Chapter two: the feeling after reading Shan Hai Jing.
My mother and I just finished reading Shan Hai Jing, a classic full of fantasy and encyclopedia style. Some places are exaggerated, which reminds me of the adventure of a boatman, but the style is completely different.
Shanhaijing, from fairy tales such as mending the sky, Emperor Yan of Shennong, Reclaiming the Sea by Jingwei, Huangdi of Xuanyuan, Nine Days in Yishe, and Dayu's flood control, has been talking about the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, and the stories are even more magical and wonderful. The book also describes the strange animals and plants distributed in the famous mountains and rivers in the east, west, north and south, as well as the strange customs of many surrounding ancient countries or tribes at home and abroad at that time.
What impressed me the most was that when the power of the Yellow Emperor became stronger and stronger, surpassing the defeated Yan Di, and his subordinate Chiyou wanted to take revenge on the Yellow Emperor, Yan Di said, "I risked my life to let the people live a better life, not let them die in the war." This fully shows that Emperor Yan is a good leader who cares about the people.
What makes me feel strange is that there is a kind of fish in the mountains and rivers in the north, which has a head and eight bodies. It is really strange; There is also a bird, which has a head, three eyes, four wings and three tails. Strange!
What makes me laugh is that there is a kind of fish in the southern mountains and rivers. Its body is like a snake, but its head is like a human. People who eat its meat can live a long life.
Through reading this book, I have a deeper understanding of "Phoenix Nirvana". The book says that the phoenix is a bird symbolizing good luck in the southern mountainous areas. After its death, it will ignite the whole body fire, and then be reborn in the fire, gaining stronger vitality than before. This is "phoenix nirvana". Phoenix will only appear when the world is at peace, and will only live under the buttonwood. No wonder people often say that "the buttonwood tree at home attracts golden phoenix".
Shan Hai Jing is a classic literary work. I suggest you have a look at it when you are free, and you will certainly get something.
Chapter three: the feeling after reading Shan Hai Jing.
Shan Hai Jing is an ancient book in the pre-Qin period, which mainly describes the ancient geography, products, myths, witchcraft, religion and other aspects, including some ancient history, medicine, folk customs, ethnic groups and so on, and also records many strange events with the nature of myths and legends, which can be called a strange encyclopedia in ancient China.
The geographical location of the things recorded in this book is centered on the Central Plains of China, and they are described in all directions. Among them, it is described that the five volumes of Mountain Classic started from the south, followed by south, west, north, east and middle, and finally reached the central part of Kyushu. The eight volumes of Hai Jing are divided into four overseas classics and four domestic classics, which are also described in the order of South, West, North, East and China. The Wild Classic has four volumes, which are described in the order of east, west, south and north. The last volume is Neijing.
Since the book Shan Hai Jing came out, many contents in the book are so-called "absurd classics". Therefore, after thousands of years, this book has not been recorded in the official history or circulated by hundred schools of thought, so it has rarely been changed by later generations, and largely preserved its original features and many precious ancient information.
When I wrote Random Thoughts on Rock Paintings in Baimiaozi Mountain in 20XX, I read through the original and vernacular of Shan Hai Jing several times, and got some insights. Below I will write out the relevant feelings, which are easy to understand, aiming at learning and focusing on participation. Please correct me if there is anything wrong.
First, the dispute over Shan Hai Jing is protracted.
There are still great disputes about the author, time and content of Shan Hai Jing in academic circles, and Shan Hai Jing is far from being recognized by people. The title of Shan Hai Jing was first found in Historical Records, in which Sima Qian said, "I dare not say anything about the monsters in Benji and Shan Hai Jing." It was not until about one hundred years later that Han proclaimed himself emperor that Liu Xiang and Liu Xin were ordered to sort out hundred schools of thought's poems and essays, and this book was made public. Shan Hai Jing covers a wide range and its content is very complicated. From ancient times to the present, there are different opinions about what kind of books Shan Hai Jing should belong to. It is listed as a category of mathematical strategy in History of Han Dynasty, and it is often listed as a geography book in Annals of Sui Shu Classics. In the Qing Dynasty, the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu called it "the oldest novel", while Lu Xun regarded it as "the wizard book of the world". Therefore, after the publication of Shan Hai Jing, the debate about its content and the time of its completion has been inconclusive.
According to the orthodox view of Liu Xiang, Liu Xin and Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty, The Classic of Mountains and Seas was written by Dayu and Boyi, but people found the historical facts after Dayu and Boyi in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, so the theory of "Yu Yu" was questioned. Since then, Yan Zhitui in Sui Dynasty insisted on the old theory, but in the face of the loopholes in the book, he explained it with "future generations fell into it, not this article". Later, the author of Shan Hai Jing became the object of textual research by many scholars, and various hypotheses emerged one after another. Yuan Ke, a contemporary scholar, believes that Shan Hai Jing is actually the work of an anonymous person, not written by one person at a time. Intriguingly, some foreign scholars have extended the perspective of the author of Shan Hai Jing to foreign countries and come to a very surprising conclusion that Shan Hai Jing was not written by China people. Wait, wait, wait
Mr. He Yiqi thinks: "Shan Hai Jing consists of two parts: Shan Hai Jing. The content is very different, and the writing style is also very different. It can be seen that it is two independent and parallel books. " . "It is believed that" Hai Jing "comes from this discipline. When Liu Xiang and his son led the school's secret book, they co-edited the mountain scenery and Yu Ji, and changed the title to Shan Hai Jing, which is why this book first appeared in Yi Wen Zhi, which no longer recorded the mountain scenery and Yu Ji. ①
In a word, whether from the all-inclusive content of Shan Hai Jing or from the early evening of writing each book of Shan Hai Jing, Shan Hai Jing was not written by one person at a time, but was edited by collective creation. Although The Classic of Mountains and Seas was edited by many people, the main editors should be Yu Xia and Boyi, which has a certain historical origin. It can be said that The Classic of Mountains and Seas was first compiled by Xia and Bo Yi, and later generations continued to compile it, finally achieving this masterpiece.
Second, consider the geographical scope described in Shan Hai Jing.
Some scholars believe that the geographical location described in Shan Hai Jing starts from Zhoushan Archipelago in Zhejiang in the east, reaches western Hunan in the west and reaches Nanhai in Guangdong in the south, including Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Hunan provinces. Some scholars believe that Xishan Jing starts from the Yellow River between the mountains and Shaanxi in the east, reaches the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi and Gansu in the south, reaches the northwest of Yanchi in Ningxia in the north, and reaches Altun Mountain in Xinjiang in the northwest. Some scholars believe that Beishan runs from Tengger Desert in Inner Mongolia and Helan Mountain in Ningxia in the west, to the east of Taihang Mountain in Hebei, and to the north of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia in the north. Dongshan Well includes today's Shandong and northern Jiangsu as well as Anhui, and Zhongshan Well extends from the west of Central Plains to the northwest edge of Sichuan Basin. Some scholars believe that the geographical location mentioned in Shan Hai Jing is within the scope of some provinces in China, and so on.
However, from a practical point of view, the historian Ling Chunsheng's view may be more in line with reality, that is, Shan Hai Jing is an ancient Asian geography centered on the Central Plains of China, reaching the South China Sea islands in the south, southwest Asia in the west, Siberia in the north and the western Pacific in the east, and recording most precious materials such as geography, natural history, nationalities and religions of ancient Asia. Imagine that the geographical scope of the narrative in Shan Hai Jing is limited to several provinces in China, which may be biased.
Third, the understanding of two commonly used terms in Shan Hai Jing.
(1) Four Seas. Ancient times generally referred to the East China Sea, the West Sea, the South China Sea and the North Sea. It also refers to the land in the sea and all parts of the country. "Erya Dish" refers to Jiuyi, Buddy, Qirong and Liuman. Within the sea is China, and beyond the four seas are four wastes and four poles. Jia Yi's On Qin has the meaning of sweeping the world, including the whole world. "Battle of Red Cliffs": "Then Jingzhou was broken, and it was a great shock to the world." "Epang Palace Fu": "Six kings finish, four seas-"
(2) The Great Famine. Refers to the extreme areas beyond the four seas. Barren, generally refers to desolate places, but also refers to geographically remote places, remote places, remote areas. Selected Works of Zuo Si < Wu Du Fu >: "Going out of the wild, I will go outside the East Pole. Liu Kui's Note: "Wild means overseas. "Abandoned and died. Xunzi is a powerful country: "Therefore, those who are good at Japan are kings, those who are good at times are tyrants, those who trap leaks are dangerous, and those who are wild are dead." Yang Jian's note: "The great famine means that no one will plough. "
A correct understanding of the concepts and categories of these two terms widely used in Shan Hai Jing can avoid the narrow assumption of the geographical position mentioned in Shan Hai Jing.
Four, "Shan Hai Jing" and the calculation of the occurrence time of the said things.
Due to the long history of the things described in The Classic of Mountains and Seas, the process and time of its completion are not known in detail. Phenomenologically, the earliest time to describe things should be before the Xia Dynasty. The Xia dynasty began in 2 1 century BC, and it has been more than 4000 years since then. However, judging from many legends recorded in Shan Hai Jing, some legends and stories may have happened as early as 4,000 years ago, and some events and stories may have happened since human beings entered the Neolithic Age.
Many deeds recorded in The Classic of Mountains and Seas were in the period of oral history because words were not invented at that time, and people could only remember things by language and brain. There has been a history of written records since Cang Xie, a historian of the Yellow Emperor, created characters. The contents recorded in Shan Hai Jing should include some historical facts and legends before the invention of writing.
Chapter four: the feeling after reading Shan Hai Jing.
This book is really good, because every creature, every different race, has a picture, and it is still in color. As soon as I opened the book, I was immediately attracted by the general picture of Shan Hai Jing. At that time, it seemed that the water level was still high, and a small part of my hometown Shandong was still in the water. Moreover, the peaks and rivers where every magical animal and plant is located are connected in series, and I can hardly speak after reading them.
It gives good advice on the customs and habits of various countries and different nationalities. For example, the country with one leg, one eye, one ear, one hand and one foot mentioned in the book may be the clothing problem of such residents, which always covers one hand and one foot, so it is recorded like this.
However, I am a little dissatisfied with the author of this book. You'll know when you buy a book, because when the author expounds a strange monster, if the monster is too beyond common sense, especially today's common sense in biology and physics, he will immediately say: it's a recording error or a disguised witchcraft activity! !
Personally, I think Shan Hai Jing is too far away. At that time, people's thinking, especially the people who wrote this book, was really impossible to verify! We didn't personally experience the years at that time, and we can publish books only by using people's understanding of society and nature now.
Saying "What should it be like at that time …" is like studying what others are thinking with our own thinking, and it seems that there will be no result.
Shan Hai Jing was written from the Warring States Period to the early Han Dynasty. It records more than 40 countries, 550 mountains, 300 waterways and 100 historical figures. More than 400 monsters and animals. It integrates geography, local chronicles, ethnography, folklore, witchcraft and a large number of primitive myths.
In ancient times, most scholars believed that Shan Hai Jing was written by Yu Xia and Boyi. Today, it seems that this statement is completely nonsense. No matter from its all-encompassing content or from the different writing time of each book, Shan Hai Jing was not written by one person at a time, but was compiled collectively. Because the content of Shan Hai Jing is very extensive, which is beyond the ability of private individuals, even the leadership of a clan or tribe can only be compiled into a part of it. Due to the limitation of ancient geography and traffic conditions, it is impossible for a tribe to know everything. Therefore, it can only be accumulated by word of mouth of wizards, and it was not until the later generations of unification that a book was compiled. The duties of early wizards determined the structure of their cultural knowledge. They all knew astronomy, geography, history, religion, biology, medicine, imperial lineage and major technological inventions, so the content of Shan Hai Jing was very complicated.
Mountains, waters, countries, nationalities, animals, plants, minerals, medicines, etc. Most of the records in Shan Hai Jing are different, but some of them are common. However, both unusual and common are aspects of ancient history, geography and customs. Therefore, if you want to understand the ancient mountain geography, folk customs, exotic birds and animals, immortals and demons, treasures, natural minerals and fairy tales, you must read Shan Hai Jing.
The well-known myths and legends preserved in Shan Hai Jing, such as Jingwei's reclamation, chasing the sun, shooting for nine days, fishing guns to control water, and * * * public anger not touching Zhoushan, not only reflect the contradiction between man and nature in the form of fantasy, but also give people positive encouragement. Those descriptions of nature, such as the daily rise and fall of the sun, the monthly gain and loss of the moon, and the changes in temperature and warmth throughout the year, are not only made by the ancients to explain natural phenomena, but more importantly, give people the courage to explore.
Chapter five: the feeling after reading Shan Hai Jing.
Many people may have heard of Shan Hai Jing for the first time through Lu Xun's A Chang and Shan Hai Jing. When Lu Xun described in the article was young, his eldest mother found a rough block copy of Shan Hai Jing, which was treasured by the "brothers" several times. Looking back decades later, Mr. Lu still remembers it clearly. Come to think of it carefully, this "senior brother" was attracted by the two paintings "Hydra" and "Human Face Horse". Isn't this Classic of Mountains and Seas just some strange beasts? With this question, I opened this heavy classic of mountains and seas. Even if your imagination is rich, you will be surprised to see the scenery and animals described in Shan Hai Jing. In front of us, it is a magical place full of exotic flowers, exotic plants and monsters: on the swaying mountains, there are colorful osmanthus trees and beautiful jade; Take a bite of Zhuyu and bring a lost valley, and you can embark on a journey without getting lost or hungry. Be careful of those bugs and strange snakes on the mountain, and what other tricks are there, but your pig barks like a dog, so don't provoke him. Many unheard-of mountain names, water names and tree names, especially those monsters with strange names, are amazing. It is deified, but how can ancestors record it so vividly, which inevitably reminds people of another world. Even the younger brother, who learns from Xiao Xun, scares Hydra or the beautiful snake or something.
In addition to vivid and magical natural scenes, people and immortals are also indispensable in this world. But have you ever seen a man with a hole in his chest go out without a sedan chair, and two people put a stick in the hole and carried him away? Have you ever seen one with three heads? What country of women, country with one eye and long arms? You can expect unexpected people to live and multiply here. Once again, my ancestors gave me a great surprise. While we were stunned and frightened by these terrible scenes several times, I was also moved by some myths and allusions: Kuafu told me to insist on "driving away from the sun" and "abandoning the war and becoming Deng Lin before dying of thirst"; Xingtian "dances with the breast as the eye and the umbilical cord as the mouth." Tell me tenacity; Jingwei "always holds the title of Xishan wood and stone to hold the right of the East China Sea." Tell me to be firm. There are many heroes and great men in the world. They use their spirits to lead wonderful, meaningful and great lives for future generations. People have been imitating their spiritual life and study for many years, just like Kun and Yu are fighting for people's safety. Perhaps this is what people pin on deification, or what deification gives us, which is more important than good wishes and splendid civilization and needs to be passed on! To this day, people are still trying to understand, explore and archaeology primitive civilization through Shan Hai Jing, which is the only existing book that preserves the oldest myth of China, and its value is enormous in history, geography, religion, medicine and other aspects. Only when I turn shallow comments into serious research can I understand its value.