"Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals" is a miscellaneous book compiled by Qin Prime Minister Lu Buwei at the end of the Warring States Period (around 221 BC), organized by his disciples. It is also known as "Lü Lan" and was written in 239 BC. It was the eve of Qin's unification of the six kingdoms.
Lü Buwei, whose birth date is unknown, died in the twelfth year of Qin Shihuang (235 BC). He was originally a big businessman in Yangzhai (now Yu County, Henan Province). During his business, he met Zi Chu, the prince of Qin who was exiled in Zhao State. At that time, Zi Chu was in a very difficult situation in Zhao State. Lu Buwei sympathized with him and thought that Zi Chu It was a "rare thing to live in", so he used money to support Zichu and helped him obtain the qualification to inherit the throne. In 253 BC, Zichu succeeded to the throne as King Zhuang Xiang. King Zhuang Xiang made Lu Buwei his prime minister and granted him the title of Marquis Wenxin. After the death of King Zhuang Xiang, his son became the first emperor of Qin. Qin Shihuang honored Lu Buwei as prime minister. Known as Zhongfu. During his reign as prime minister, the Qin State sent troops to destroy the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, captured the lands of Han, Zhao, and Wei, and established Sanchuan and Taiyuan East Commanderies, making positive contributions to the unification of China. After Qin Shihuang personally took charge of government affairs, he dismissed him and moved him to Shu. He later died of fear of drinking poison. During Lu Buwei's tenure as prime minister, he had 3,000 diners and 10,000 children. He ordered his followers to "write what they heard and heard" and write books to establish theoretical basis for establishing a unified feudal centralized system. These works were eventually compiled into "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals".
"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" is divided into twelve chapters, eight chapters, and six treatises, with a total of twenty-six volumes, one hundred and sixty chapters, and more than 200,000 words. The content is mixed and contains thoughts from various schools such as Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, Legalism, Military Affairs, Agriculture, Zongheng, Yin and Yang, etc., so "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" and others listed it as a miscellaneous school. Although the content is complex, it is not without system in organization, theory in compilation, and system in content. As the book "Yongzhong" says: "There are no pure white foxes in the world, but there are pure white furs, and they are all white." The purpose of compiling "Lu's Spring and Autumn" is obviously to collect the best of each family and form one family. The idea is to take Taoist thought as the backbone and integrate various schools of thought. According to Lu Buwei, this book adopts the ideas of various schools based entirely on objective considerations, and treats each school of thought fairly and equally. Because "Private viewing makes the eyes blind, private hearing makes the ears deaf, and private worries make the heart crazy. All three are private and have no essence, so wisdom cannot be public. If wisdom is unfair, blessings will decrease and disasters will increase." ("Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals") ·Preface")
The Twelve Chronicles of "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" are the main theme of the book and an important part of the whole book. They are divided into "Spring Chronicles", "Xia Chronicles" and "Autumn Chronicles" , "Winter Chronicles". There are 5 articles in each era, with a maximum of 60 articles. This book is edited on the basis of "Dharma, Heaven and Earth", and the Twelve Years is the sky that symbolizes the "Great Circle", so this part uses the December Order as a clue to combine the materials. "Spring Chronicles" mainly discusses health preservation, "Xia Ji" discusses teaching principles and music theory, "Autumn Chronicles" mainly discusses military issues, and "Winter Chronicles" mainly discusses human quality issues. Eight readings, now 63 articles, obviously one article has been removed. The content starts from the beginning and goes on to the fundamental way of doing things, the way of governing a country, how to understand and distinguish things, how to use the people, and how to be a king. Six treatises, 36 articles, miscellaneous discussions on various schools of thought.
"Lu Shi Chun Qiu" made a summary criticism of the thoughts of the pre-Qin scholars. The chapter "Bu Er" says: "Lao Dan values ??Rou, Confucius values ??Ren, Mo Zhai values ??Lian, Guan Yin values ??Qing, Zi Lie Zi Xu, Chen Pian values ??Qi, Yang Sheng values ??oneself, Sun Bin values ??power, Wang Liao values ??the first, and a good son values ??a queen." It believes that these different thoughts should be unified, "One can rule, and differences can lead to chaos; one can provide peace, and differences can lead to danger." ("Fu Er") After unified thoughts, only then can "all differences, stupidity, wisdom and workmanship be eliminated. Everyone tries their best, just like a hole in the hole. "The process of unification is actually a process of criticism and absorption. Therefore, "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" has transformed, developed and abandoned the thoughts of each school. For example, Confucianism advocated the maintenance of monarchy. This idea was absorbed by "Lu Shi Chun Qiu", but it appeared in a unique face. It advocates supporting the new "Emperor", that is, the establishment of a feudal centralized state. It said: "Since the Zhou Dynasty is in disaster, and the emperor is gone, there is no greater chaos than the absence of an emperor." ("Listen carefully"): "There must be an emperor in the world, so there is one, and the emperor must hold one, so he is the one." One rule, two chaos." ("Zhiyi")
Confucius advocated maintaining the unification of the Zhou Dynasty, but did not emphasize the issue of autocracy, but "Lu Shi Chunqiu" has "Zhiyi". , the concept of "pushing". "Zhiyi" and "把" mean centralization of power. This is the development of pre-Qin Confucianism. Another example is the Mohist thought. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" agrees with the concept of "frequent burial" advocated by Mozi. Therefore, it criticizes the custom of extravagant burials at that time: "The more extravagant the burial, the more extravagant the burial is, the more the heart is not concerned about the deceased." Yes, living people treat each other with respect.
Those who are extravagant take pride in it, but those who are frugal... Show all>
samory1988 | 2007-05-20
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"Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals" is also known as "Lü Lan". At the end of the Warring States Period, Qin Prime Minister Lu Buwei gathered many disciples to edit it, and it was completed in The eighth year of Qin Shihuang (239 BC). The book is based on the backbone of Confucianism, on the basis of Taoist theory, on the ideas and theories of Ming, Dharma, Mohism, Nong, Bing, and Yin-Yang as its material, and on the political need of feudal unification as its purpose, integrating the theories of hundreds of schools of thought. A theoretical masterpiece.