/kloc-In the middle of the 0/8th century, Britain, the first industrial country in the world, rose rapidly, and the maritime traffic was particularly busy. 1774, engineer Smith was ordered to build a lighthouse in the English Channel to guide the ships passing by.
This stumped Smithton. Brick laying with lime mortar underwater? Mortar thins at the sight of water. Sink into the sea with a stone? How does it withstand the impact of the waves? After numerous experiments, in the end, he used limestone, clay, sand and iron slag, which were boiled, crushed, mixed with water and then injected into water. This mixture has not been diluted in water, but has become more and more concentrated. In this way, he finally built the first beacon tower in the English Channel.
Soon, a British stonemason named asp Ding found out the most suitable proportion of raw materials such as lime, clay and iron slag, and further improved the method of producing this mixture. In 1824, Aspudin obtained a patent for this invention. Because the color and strength of this gelatinous substance after hardening are very close to the stones produced in Portland, it is named "Portland cement". Since then, the name of this artificial stone and strange stone-"cement" has been used.
Prior to this, the construction of underground buildings was very laborious, and the mud for masonry or bricklaying should be boiled with glutinous rice and mixed with lime; The wall foundation should also be drained through underground ditches. As for underwater dam construction, it is even more difficult. Since this strange "stone" has come into being, these problems are not to mention. Therefore, this kind of "stone" plays an epoch-making role in the history of human architecture and is the material basis of all modern waterproof buildings.
Although this kind of "stone" is strange, it is still a "stone" after all! So like any stone, it also has its own shortcomings-brittleness, inability to withstand impact and low tensile strength. In order to overcome the weakness of portland cement, French engineer Quahan first put forward the idea of introducing steel bars into this cement, that is, making full use of the advantages of high tensile strength of steel bars and high hardness of cement. 186 1 year, Kvanie successfully built a dam with cement, steel bars and sand, and named it concrete dam. Since then, concrete, a better building material than cement, has appeared again.
The appearance of a new thing is both admirable and questionable. Who is right and who is wrong? Whoever wins and loses only has the chance to be tested. The opportunity to test concrete will come soon. It was in the 1920s that Britain decided to build the Empire State Building with a floor of 102 in order to show off its strength. Architects with scientific foresight boldly adopted the "concrete" structure. One year and eight months later, the Empire State Building was completely completed. Seen from a distance, Ran Yan looks like a telephone pole. Many people who live around the building are afraid: what if the skyscraper is blown down by the wind or broken by itself? On the morning of July 28th, 1945, people living nearby were in a mess. At that time, it was foggy. A B-25 bomber got lost and crashed into the 97th floor of the building. With the deafening noise, many people thought that the building had collapsed and ran out quickly. However, the result of this collision was that the plane crashed and the building did not fall. Only one side beam and some floors of the 97th floor were damaged, and an elevator fell, causing 1 1 deaths and 25 injuries. Reinforced concrete buildings have become famous ever since.
Since then, many buildings are no longer just "medium" in shape, low, small and dim (with small windows), but flat-topped, tall, huge and bright. Great changes have taken place in the appearance of the building. From then on, the modeling of various buildings can be completed by pouring. They have different shapes and changeable weather, including not only "matchboxes" and colonnades, but also fans, butterflies and parabolas. Hotels, commercial buildings and office buildings on both sides of the street are all ups and downs, which makes the metropolis show unprecedented grandeur and elegance.
Since then, the Mississippi River in the United States, the Amazon River in Brazil and the Yangtze River in China are no longer insurmountable moats, but rainbow-like reinforced concrete bridges. Cars shuttle between east and west, and dragons travel from south to north.
When was cement first invented? 1756. British engineer J. Smeaton found that in order to obtain hydraulic lime, limestone containing clay must be used for firing; The ideal composition of masonry mortar for underwater structures is made of hydraulic lime and volcanic ash. This important discovery laid a theoretical foundation for the research and development of modern cement.
1796, an Englishman J. Parker burned a kind of cement with marl, which was brown in appearance, much like a mixture of lime and volcanic ash in ancient Rome, and named it Roman cement. It is also called natural cement because it is made of natural marl and contains no ingredients. It has good hydraulic and rapid setting characteristics, and is especially suitable for projects in contact with water.
In 18 13, Gaby, a French civil engineer, found that the cement made by mixing lime and clay in a ratio of three to one has the best performance.
1824, British construction worker Joseph? Joseph Astin invented cement and patented Portland cement. He used limestone and clay as raw materials, mixed them in a certain proportion, calcined the mature materials in a vertical kiln similar to lime burning, and then made cement by grinding. Because the color of hardened cement is similar to the stone used in construction in Portland, England, it is named Portland cement. It has outstanding architectural performance and epoch-making significance in the history of cement.
1907, France Bie used bauxite instead of clay and mixed limestone to burn cement. This kind of cement is called "bauxite cement" because it contains a lot of alumina.
187 1 year, Japan began to build cement plants.
1877, crampton of Britain invented rotary furnace. 1885, Langsam transformed it into a better rotary furnace.
1889, near Kaiping coal mine in Tangshan, Hebei, China, Tangshan "fine cotton soil" factory produced by shaft kiln was established. 1906 Qixin lime company was established on the basis of this factory, with an annual output of 40,000 tons of cement.
1893, Hideyoshi Endo and Sanzhen Inland Sea of Japan invented portland cement that is not afraid of seawater.
In the 20th century, while continuously improving the performance of portland cement, people successfully developed a batch of cement suitable for special construction projects, such as high alumina cement and special cement. There are more than 100 kinds of cement in the world, and the annual output of cement in 2007 is about 2 billion tons. 1952, China formulated the first national unified standard, and determined that cement production should be based on the principle of multi-variety and multi-label. According to its main mineral composition, Portland cement was renamed Portland cement, and later renamed Portland cement, which is still in use today.
In 20 12, the cement output in China reached 265,438+84 million tons, accounting for more than 50% of the global output.
Which country invented cement? 1824101October 2 1 day, J. Aspdin, a plasterer in Leeds, England, obtained the patent certificate of "Portland Cement" No.5022, thus becoming the immortal inventor of cement.
The manufacturing method of "Portland cement" described in his patent certificate is: "Mash limestone into fine powder, add a certain amount of clay, mix it with water, and stir it into slurry manually or mechanically. Put the mud on a plate and heat it to dry. The dry material is crushed into blocks, and then put into a lime kiln for calcination until the carbonic acid gas in limestone completely escapes. The calcined clinker is cooled, crushed and ground to make cement. When cement is used, a small amount of water is added and stirred into mortar with appropriate consistency, which can be applied to various workplaces. "
The color of this cement after hydration and hardening is similar to the color of building stone in Portland, England, so it is called "Portland cement".
But before that, people have found potential cohesive substances in natural substances such as volcanic ash, but this boy is the first person to apply for a certificate.
Who invented cement? When was it first used? 1824, Joseph Astin, a British stonemason, obtained a patent for the cement he invented in the kitchen. He mixed limestone and calcareous soil in the kitchen stove, heated them and ground them into powder, making cement that would harden after adding water. Aspdin named cement Portland because it looks like a stone from Portland Island, a British coast.
When was cement invented in which country? The invention of modern cement has a step-by-step process, not overnight.
Hydraulic lime
/kloc-In the middle of the 0/8th century, the British maritime industry was developed, but shipwrecks such as hitting rocks and beaches occurred frequently. In order to avoid shipwrecks, lighthouses are used for navigation. At that time, there were two kinds of materials for building lighthouses in Britain: wood and "Roman mortar". However, when exposed to seawater, wood is flammable and perishable; Although "Roman mortar" has certain water resistance, it can't stand the corrosion and erosion of seawater. Because materials are not durable in seawater, lighthouses are often damaged, and ships can't sail safely, and the fast-developing shipping industry encounters major obstacles. In order to solve the problem of shipping safety, it became the top priority of British economic development in the 1950s. In this regard, the British Parliament spared no expense in hiring talents. J Smeaton, an engineer who is revered as the father of British civil engineering, was hired to build a lighthouse.
1756 During the construction of the lighthouse, Smithton studied the influence of different limestone in the "lime-pozzolana-sand" three-component mortar on the performance of the mortar. It is found that limestone containing clay can be hardened slowly by adding water after calcination and fine grinding, and its strength in seawater is much higher than that of "Roman mortar", which can withstand seawater erosion. Smithton built the world-famous Eddie Si Tong Lighthouse in Plymouth Harbor with newly discovered mortar.
Lime made of clay and limestone is called hydraulic lime. Smithton's discovery was a great leap in knowledge accumulation in the process of cement invention, which not only contributed to the British navigation industry, but also played an important role in the invention of "Portland cement". However, the hydraulic lime successfully studied by Smithton has not been widely used. At that time, "Roman mortar" composed of lime, volcanic ash and sand was still widely used.
Roman cement
1796, J. Parker, an Englishman, ground a clay limestone called Sepa Tria into pellets, calcined it at a temperature higher than that of burning lime, and then ground it into cement. Parker called this cement "Roman cement" and obtained the patent right of this cement. "Roman cement" can be used in projects in contact with water because it sets rapidly. It was widely used in Britain until it was replaced by Portland cement.
Almost at the same time of producing "Roman cement", the French also used marl to make cement with chemical composition close to modern cement in boulogne. This kind of natural marl close to modern chemical composition is called water marl, and the cement made of this limestone is called natural cement. Americans also make natural cement from marl in Rosendale and Louisville. In the 1980s of 19 and for a long time thereafter, natural cement was widely used in the United States and once occupied a very important position in the construction industry.
British cement company
J. Foster is an Englishman and a researcher devoted to cement. He mixed two parts by weight of chalk and one part by weight of clay, then wet-grinded it into slurry with water, sent it to a tank for precipitation, dried it in the atmosphere, and then put it into a lime kiln for calcination. The temperature is based on the complete volatilization of carbonic acid gas in the material, and the sintered product is light yellow, which is finely ground into cement after cooling. Foster called this cement "British cement" and obtained British Patent No.4679 on1October 22nd, 1822+65438.
Due to the low calcination temperature, the quality of "British cement" is obviously not as good as that of "Roman cement", so the price is low and the sales volume is not large. Although this kind of cement has not been widely popularized, its manufacturing method is the embryonic form of modern cement manufacturing and another leap in cement knowledge accumulation. Foster also contributed to the invention of modern cement.
Portland water (Portland cement)
1824101October 2 1 day, J. Aspdin, a plasterer in Leeds, England, obtained the patent certificate of "Portland Cement" No.5022, thus becoming the immortal inventor of cement.
The manufacturing method of "Portland cement" described in his patent certificate is: "Mash limestone into fine powder, add a certain amount of clay, mix it with water, and stir it into slurry manually or mechanically. Put the mud on the table and heat it to dry. The dry material is crushed into blocks, and then put into a lime kiln for calcination until the carbonic acid gas in limestone completely escapes. The calcined coal cake is cooled, crushed and ground to make water. & gt
Who invented cement? The history of 30-minute cement can be traced back to the mixture of lime and volcanic ash used by the ancient Romans in construction projects. 1796, an Englishman, J. Parker, fired a brown cement from marl, which is called Roman cement or natural cement. 1824, British asp Ding burned limestone and clay into cement. After hardening, the color is similar to the stone used in construction in Portland, England, so he was named Portland Cement and obtained a patent.
Brief History of China Cement Invention 1889, Tangshan "fine cotton soil" factory produced by shaft kiln was established near Kaiping Coal Mine in Tangshan, Hebei, China. 1906 Qixin lime company was established on the basis of this factory, with an annual output of 40,000 tons of cement. 1952, China formulated the first national unified standard, and determined that cement production should be based on the principle of multi-variety and multi-label. According to its main mineral composition, Portland cement was renamed Portland cement, and later renamed Portland cement, which is still in use today. In 2007, the annual output of cement in China was about1/kloc-0 million tons.
China's cement production has accounted for about 60% of the world's total. This is not only the pride of cement workers in China, but also touched the global cement industry.
Who is the inventor of cement? 1824101October 2 1 day, J. Aspdin, a plasterer in Leeds, England, obtained the patent certificate of "Portland Cement" No.5022, thus becoming the immortal inventor of cement.
The following are the details:
The invention of modern cement has a step-by-step process, not overnight.
Hydraulic Lime/KLOC-In the middle of 0/8th century, British navigation was developed, but shipwrecks such as hitting rocks and beaches occurred frequently. In order to avoid shipwrecks, lighthouses are used for navigation. At that time, there were two kinds of materials for building lighthouses in Britain: wood and "Roman mortar". However, when exposed to seawater, wood is flammable and perishable; Although "Roman mortar" has certain water resistance, it can't stand the corrosion and erosion of seawater. Because materials are not durable in seawater, lighthouses are often damaged, and ships can't sail safely, and the fast-developing shipping industry encounters major obstacles. In order to solve the problem of shipping safety, it became the top priority of British economic development in the 1950s. In this regard, the British Parliament spared no expense in hiring talents. J Smeaton, an engineer who is revered as the father of British civil engineering, was hired to build a lighthouse.
1756 During the construction of the lighthouse, Smithton studied the influence of different limestone in the "lime-pozzolana-sand" three-component mortar on the performance of the mortar. It is found that limestone containing clay can be hardened slowly by adding water after calcination and fine grinding, and its strength in seawater is much higher than that of "Roman mortar", which can withstand seawater erosion. Smithton built the world-famous Eddie Si Tong Lighthouse in Plymouth Harbor with newly discovered mortar.
Lime made of clay and limestone is called hydraulic lime. Smithton's discovery was a great leap in knowledge accumulation in the process of cement invention, which not only contributed to the British navigation industry, but also played an important role in the invention of "Portland cement". However, the hydraulic lime successfully studied by Smithton has not been widely used. At that time, "Roman mortar" composed of lime, volcanic ash and sand was still widely used.
Roman cement
1796, J. Parker, an Englishman, ground a clay limestone called Sepa Tria into pellets, calcined it at a temperature higher than that of burning lime, and then ground it into cement. Parker called this cement "Roman cement" and obtained the patent right of this cement. "Roman cement" can be used in projects in contact with water because it sets rapidly. It was widely used in Britain until it was replaced by Portland cement.
Almost at the same time of producing "Roman cement", the French also used marl to make cement with chemical composition close to modern cement in boulogne. This kind of natural marl close to modern chemical composition is called water marl, and the cement made of this limestone is called natural cement. Americans also make natural cement from marl in Rosendale and Louisville. In the 1980s of 19 and for a long time thereafter, natural cement was widely used in the United States and once occupied a very important position in the construction industry.
British cement company
J. Foster is an Englishman and a researcher devoted to cement. He mixed two parts by weight of chalk and one part by weight of clay, then wet-grinded it into slurry with water, sent it to a tank for precipitation, dried it in the atmosphere, and then put it into a lime kiln for calcination. The temperature is based on the complete volatilization of carbonic acid gas in the material, and the sintered product is light yellow, which is finely ground into cement after cooling. Foster called this cement "British cement" and obtained British Patent No.4679 on1October 22nd, 1822+65438.
Due to the low calcination temperature, the quality of "British cement" is obviously not as good as that of "Roman cement", so the price is low and the sales volume is not large. Although this kind of cement has not been widely popularized, its manufacturing method is the embryonic form of modern cement manufacturing and another leap in cement knowledge accumulation. Foster also contributed to the invention of modern cement.
Portland cement (Portland cement)
1824101October 2 1 day, J. Aspdin, a plasterer in Leeds, England, obtained the patent certificate of "Portland Cement" No.5022, thus becoming the immortal inventor of cement.
His patent certificate shows that ...
When was concrete invented? /kloc-In the middle of the 0/8th century, Britain, the first industrial country in the world, rose rapidly, and the maritime traffic was particularly busy. 1774, engineer Smith was ordered to build a lighthouse in the English Channel to guide the ships passing by.
This stumped Smithton. Brick laying with lime mortar underwater? Mortar thins at the sight of water. Sink into the sea with a stone? How does it withstand the impact of the waves? After numerous experiments, in the end, he used limestone, clay, sand and iron slag, which were boiled, crushed, mixed with water and then injected into water. This mixture has not been diluted in water, but has become more and more concentrated. In this way, he finally built the first beacon tower in the English Channel.
Soon, a British stonemason named asp Ding found out the most suitable proportion of raw materials such as lime, clay and iron slag, and further improved the method of producing this mixture. In 1824, Aspudin obtained a patent for this invention. Because the color and strength of this gelatinous substance after hardening are very close to the stones produced in Portland, it is named "Portland cement". Since then, the name of this artificial stone and strange stone-"cement" has been used.
Prior to this, the construction of underground buildings was very laborious, and the mud for masonry or bricklaying should be boiled with glutinous rice and mixed with lime; The wall foundation should also be drained through underground ditches. As for underwater dam construction, it is even more difficult. Since this strange "stone" has come into being, these problems are not to mention. Therefore, this kind of "stone" plays an epoch-making role in the history of human architecture and is the material basis of all modern waterproof buildings.
Although this kind of "stone" is strange, it is still a "stone" after all! So like any stone, it also has its own shortcomings-brittleness, inability to withstand impact and low tensile strength. In order to overcome the weakness of portland cement, French engineer Quahan first put forward the idea of introducing steel bars into this cement, that is, making full use of the advantages of high tensile strength of steel bars and high hardness of cement. 186 1 year, Kvanie successfully built a dam with cement, steel bars and sand, and named it concrete dam. Since then, concrete, a better building material than cement, has appeared again.
1824, Joseph Astin, a British stonemason, obtained a patent for the cement he invented in the kitchen. He mixed limestone and calcareous soil in the kitchen stove, heated them and ground them into powder, making cement that would harden after adding water. Aspdin named cement Portland because it looks like a stone from Portland Island, a British coast.