The pyramids are tombs built by ancient Egyptian kings for themselves. The Giza Pyramid in Egypt is known as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Most of the pyramids in Egypt were built in the third to sixth dynasties. These pyramids with a history of more than 4, years are mainly distributed in Cairo, the capital, and Giza, the west bank of the upper Nile. The left side of Giza Pyramid belongs to King Cabra, and the right side belongs to King Kuff. There is a sphinx nearby. The main building materials are limestone and some are granite.
Eighty pyramids have been discovered in Egypt, and the most spectacular one is the Giza Pyramid, which was built around 26 BC. All of them were built manually. How did the ancient Egyptians carve the stone blocks and build a tomb? The layout of the channels and rooms inside the tomb is like a maze. How did the ancient Egyptians design it?
statue of Zeus
Zeus is the god of Greek gods.
The statue of Zeus built for worship was the largest indoor statue in the world at that time. The Temple of Zeus where the statue of Zeus was located was the birthplace of the Olympic Games, and some Olympic events were held here. The site is located in the ancient city of Olympia on the west coast of Greece.
The Temple of Zeus was built in 47 BC and completed in 456 BC. It was designed by architect Libon, and the statue of Zeus was in the charge of sculptor Pheidias. The temple is made of limestone with plaster on the surface, and the top of the temple is made of marble. The temple is supported by Corinthian pillars with a height of 17 meters, with an area of 41.1 meters by 17.75 meters.
Fallot Lighthouse
Fallot Lighthouse is absolutely different from the other six wonders.
Because it has no religious color, it was built purely for people's real life. The lights of Fallot Lighthouse shine on the whole Alexandria Port at night, protecting the ships at sea. In addition, it was the tallest building in the world at that time.
location: on the island of Fallos near Alexandria in Egypt.
shortly after the death of Alexander the Great, Ptolemy Soter, one of his men, dominated Egypt and made its capital in Alexandria. In view of the dangerous sea lanes near Alexandria, Ptolemy Soter ordered the architect Sostratus and Alexandria Library/Mouseion to cooperate to build the Fallos Lighthouse, which was completed in 29 BC.
hanging garden
Like the colossus of Rhodes Island,
Archaeologists have so far failed to find the remains of the Hanging Garden. In fact, many ancient people who mentioned the Hanging Garden in their own works only heard it from others and never really saw it. Is the Hanging Garden pure legend?
Hanging Garden is located in the east of the Euphrates River, about 5 miles south of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, in Babylon, one of the four ancient civilizations. Of course, the Hanging Gardens in Babylon have never been hung in the air. The origin of this name is purely due to people's misinterpretation of the Greek word "kremastos" and the Latin word "pensilis" which originally meant "hanging" and "protruding".
It is generally believed that the Hanging Garden was built by King Nebuchadnezzar (64-562 BC) to comfort Amyitis, the homesick princess, and imitated her hometown in the mountains.
The colossus of Rhodes Island
The colossus of Rhodes Island is the most mysterious of the seven wonders.
Because it collapsed in just 56 years, archaeologists have not even been sure of its exact location and appearance.
The Colossus of Rhodes Island is located at the port of the Greek island of Rhodes leading to the Mediterranean Sea. In 35 BC, there was a war between the Federation of Rhodes Island and Antigone Nids
in Malta, and the defeated Federation of Rhodes Island got a lot of trophies. In order to commemorate this victory, they sold the trophies to build the colossus of Rhodes Island.
The Great Wall of Wan Li, China
One of the great projects in ancient China. It was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (77-476 BC), and the surviving one was built in the Ming Dynasty. It starts from Jiayuguan in Gansu in the west and reaches Hushankou on the Yalu River in Dandong, Liaoning in the east, spanning Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Mongolia, Hebei and Liaoning. There are checkpoints along the route, such as Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan and Niangziguan. The Great Wall for short. The Great Wall was originally built by Yan, Zhao and other countries in the Warring States Period, with the purpose of defending against the invasion of northern aliens.
Qin Shihuang later connected these intermittent Great Walls. It is said that three hundred thousand soldiers and millions of people and slaves were used at that time. However, the Great Wall can't completely prevent foreign invasion. Because after the completion of the Great Wall, northern aliens still often cross the Great Wall, sneak attack villages on the border of China, and rob crops or livestock.
The Great Wall is the only three-dimensional building ever seen in space. It is not easy to build with modern science and technology, but it is really rare that our country can build in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than two thousand years ago. The building materials of the Great Wall are made from local materials, which are quite different from place to place. The Great Wall was built with mud and reeds in the Han Dynasty. The Great Wall varies in size. Take Juyongguan as an example, it is about 8.5 meters high, 8.5 meters wide at the lower part and 5 meters wide at the upper part. Every 7 ~ 1 meters, there is a castle (equivalent to a tower), which is about 12.3 meters high. Most of the castles are heavy, while the key places are two or three.
The eastern section of the Great Wall passes through mountainous or hilly land, which is called "cutting the mountain to fill the ancient times" and "blocking with danger" in ancient times, with ups and downs and majestic forms; The middle section and the west section are all in dry areas, sparsely populated and only desolate. If you visit Yanmenguan, Juyongguan, Gubeikou or Shanhaiguan, and look at the great situation of mountains and rivers in China from afar, you will be amazed at the difficulties of our ancestors in opening up territory and inspiring infinite thank you sir.
Alexandria outside the Fallot Lighthouse
In 332 BC,
Alexander the Great of Macedonian Empire established an ancient city-Alexandria in the west of the Nile estuary in Egypt. After the death of Alexander the Great, the Ptolemy dynasty in Egypt began to rise. Alexandra became the capital of Ptolemy dynasty and prospered. In addition, Alexandra is located at the junction of Asia, Africa and Europe, and it also has access to the ports of the Nile and the Mediterranean. You can imagine how Alexandra prospered and how the world's trade developed. Moreover, Pharos Island in Alexandria has The Pharos light house, one of the seven wonders of the world, shining on the port. There are also some temples and a large number of architectural relics such as the King's Palace in Egypt. Although Alexandra is so prosperous, today, Alexandra is beyond recognition. Scientists believe that most of these buildings have fallen down due to a major earthquake in the fourth century. Scientists have carried out many excavation works in Alexandria, among which in 1996, French experts claimed to have found large-scale ancient relics on the seabed of Alexandria, and also found traces of ancient roads and paving stones. Investigators found the Amphora which sank into the sea in ancient times. It was a kind of ancient Greek pot with two handles, which was used to transport wine and other trading goods. The investigation team also found the head of the statue of Pharaoh. The staff first fixed the head of Pharaoh with metal appliances, and then used balloons to send the statue to the water. This investigation was conducted at the possible location of the Fallos Lighthouse. Just compare the head of the statue with the staff next to it, and you can imagine the huge statue. With these discoveries, many investigations have unearthed thousands of relics, most of which weigh several tons to dozens of tons. From these relics, we can gradually imagine the appearance of the mysterious Fallows lighthouse. Due to the prosperity of Alexandra and the backwardness of ancient directional navigation technology, it can be imagined that the Fallows lighthouse, which shines on the whole port, plays an extremely important role in defending the lives of ancient sailors. Whether the future generations can have a clearer understanding of the Fallos lighthouse depends on whether the government and experts will pay attention to the excavation of Alexandria. If the excavation of Alexandria can be further developed, more architectural features can be reproduced.
Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the First Qin Dynasty
Foreign heads of state and scholars, after visiting the Museum of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, think that
the discovery of the pit of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses is not only an important discovery in China, but also in the world archaeological history, which can be said to be the eighth miracle in the world. It can be compared with Egyptian pyramids and ancient Greek sculptures, and it is recognized as a valuable wealth of human culture in the world.
Archaeological discoveries that shocked China and foreign countries. In 1974, China archaeologists unearthed more than 7, pieces of pottery tong that had been sleeping for thousands of years, which was considered as an ancient miracle and the most spectacular archaeological discovery in this century. Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are rare in the world in terms of quantity, quality and archaeological discoveries. They provide extremely precious material for in-depth study of the military, politics, economy, culture, science and art of the Qin Dynasty in the second century BC. It is not only the artistic treasure of the people of China, but also the cultural heritage of the people of the world.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang, the treasure house of ancient clay sculpture art, are shaped with real life as the theme, with delicate and lively artistic techniques, different gestures and facial expressions, distinctive personality and strong characteristics of the times, showing the peak of clay sculpture art, adding luster to the splendid ancient culture of the Chinese nation and adding a glorious page to the world art history.
Temple of Artemis
Artemis is a Greek goddess of hunting,
Arabs call her Lat, Egyptians call her Isis, and Romans call her Diana. In ancient Greece, Artemis was deeply admired, so Artemis Temple, one of the seven wonders, was built.
The ruins of the Temple of Timmy are estimated to be located in the ancient city of free soul, about 5 kilometers south of Izmir (Smyrna).
Mau Solas Tomb Temple
Mau Solas Tomb Temple is located in Halicarnassus,
It is in the southwest of Turkey. Its bottom building is rectangular, with an area of 4 meters (12) by 3 meters (1) and a height of 45 meters (14), in which the pier wall is 2 meters high, the column is 12 meters high, the pyramid is 7 meters high, and the top carriage statue is high. Next to it, it is decorated with stone statues. The statue at the top is four horses pulling an ancient double chariot. This tomb temple is famous for its architecture, as well as those sculptures. The sculptures of Mao Solas's tomb temple were made by four famous sculptors, Bryaxis, Leochares, Scopas and Timothy, each of whom was in charge of one side of the tomb temple.
In the early 15th century, Harry Canasus was occupied. In order to build a huge castle, the new rulers used some stones from Mao Solas's tomb temple as building materials in 1494. Today, many sculptures still survive and are kept in museums in London, England. Since the 19th century, archaeological excavations have been carried out in Mao Solas's tomb temple. These excavations provide a lot of information about Mao Solas's tomb temple, which gives us a better understanding of the shape and appearance of Mao Solas's tomb temple.