(A) Family and teacher inheritance
Before the Spring and Autumn Period, it was restricted by the cultural development at that time and decided by the hereditary system of historians and the professionalism of historians' business.
(2) Training government-run schools
Government-run schools were the main way to train secretaries in ancient times.
Cultivation of government-run schools in past dynasties;
1. Taishiliao of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, a government-run aristocratic school under slavery, is also the highest institution of learning in China.
2. The official learning system in feudal society was formally formed in the Han Dynasty, marked by the establishment of imperial academy by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
3. imperial academy and imperial academy are the highest institutions of learning in the country and the main places for training talents in feudal dynasties.
4. The feudal countries of past dynasties also formed a government-run school system from the central to the local. County school, county school, township school, collection order.
5. The characteristics of the feudal government-run schools in China: they did not pay attention to the education of natural science knowledge, and took Confucian classics as the main teaching materials. Training goal: "Learning to be excellent is to be an official" to train management talents for feudal countries.
Private school training
1. The historical background of China's ancient private schools: At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the society was in sharp turmoil, the ceremony collapsed, the royal family of Zhou declined, and a class of "scholars" emerged from "learning from official administration" to "learning from four foreigners". The vassal states and new noble competed to cultivate scholars, and the cultivation of scholars became an urgent need.
2. The cultivation of private schools in China.
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius' private school was the most representative and the largest. During the Warring States period, the wind of cultivating scholars was more prosperous, and private learning was more popular. The Han Dynasty was the heyday of Confucian classics, and private schools mainly taught Confucian classics. Famous scholars in the Jin Dynasty gathered to give lectures, while in the Southern Dynasties, official learning rose and fell, and education depended on private learning. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, private schools were developed, and Wang Tong, Kong, Yin, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan all gave lectures and trained a large number of talents. In the Five Dynasties, there were academies where disciples gathered to give lectures, which reached its peak in the Song Dynasty. There were four famous academies and Donglin Academy in the late Ming Dynasty. Academy is an ancient private university, focusing on cultivating academic talents. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, a kind of private school with the nature of vocational school appeared-a "curtain hall" dedicated to training aides, which became the main place to train secretaries.