2 English reference Atractylodes lancea [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
Atractylodes lancea [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Atractylodes rhizome [Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (PRC) and China (20 10 edition)]
Atractylodes lancea [Chinese Medicine Terminology Committee]. Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)]
Atractylodes rhizome [Chinese medicine terminology Committee]. Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)]
As an overview of the name of traditional Chinese medicine, Atractylodes lancea published "Materia Medica for Preparing Classics, History and Syndrome". It is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes lancea. )DC。 Or atractylodes rhizome (DC. )Koidz。 [1] of Compositae. Atractylodes lancea is irregular beaded or nodular cylindrical, slightly curved and occasionally branched, with a length of 3 ~ 10 cm and a diameter of 1 ~ 2 cm. The surface is grayish brown, with wrinkles, lateral bending and residual fibrous roots, and there are stem marks or residual stem bases at the top. Solid, yellow-white or gray-white in cross section, scattered in most orange-yellow or brown-red oil cavities, and white fine needle-like crystals can be precipitated after long-term exposure. Unique smell, slightly sweet, pungent and bitter. Atractylodes macrocephala is a block or nodular cylinder with a length of 4 ~ 9 cm and a diameter of 1 ~ 4~9cm. The surface is dark brown and the skin is yellowish brown. The texture is loose, and the section is scattered in the yellow-brown oil cavity. The aroma is light, spicy and bitter. The surface of Atractylodes lancea fried with bran is yellow or burnt yellow, and its aroma is stronger than that of raw atractylodes lancea [1]. The surface of Atractylodes lancea charcoal is brown and has a burnt smell [1].
Atractylodes lancea is pungent, bitter and warm [1]. Spleen, stomach and liver meridians [1]. Rhizoma Atractylodis has the functions of eliminating dampness, invigorating spleen, expelling wind and cold, and improving eyesight [1]. It is used for damp obstruction of middle energizer, abdominal distension, diarrhea and edema, beriberi, rheumatism, cold, night blindness and red eyes [2]. Atractylodes lancea is warm and dry, pungent and fierce, and has strong ability of eliminating dampness, expelling wind and dispelling cold [1]. Used for rheumatic arthralgia, numbness of skin, soreness of feet and knees, common cold, soreness of limbs, damp-heat fever, and soreness of limbs [1]. Bran fried atractylodes can weaken pungent taste, relieve dryness, make qi fragrant, and enhance the functions of strengthening spleen and stomach. Used for disharmony between the spleen and stomach, stagnation of phlegm and drink, abdominal distension, cyanosis, and finching [1]. The pungent dryness of Atractylodes lancea is greatly reduced, and the main way is to strengthen the intestine to stop diarrhea [1]. Used for diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, chronic dysentery or leukorrhagia of women [1].
4 Latin scientific name of Atractylodes lancea (La) (Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004))
5 English name Atractylodes lancea (Chinese medicine terminology (2004))
6. The aliases of Atractylodes lancea are Magic, Ginger, Tianjing, Dikui, Maoshu, Pitoucai and Shā rotto Katakuri [3].
7 Atractylodes rhizome prescription includes Atractylodes rhizome, Atractylodes rhizome, Atractylodes rhizome and Atractylodes rhizome [1].
Akasaka, spear head vegetables [4].
The source of Rhizoma Atractylodis is Rhizoma Atractylodis (Thunb. )DC。 Or atractylodes rhizome (DC. )Koidz。 [ 1].
9 Origin: Jiangsu, Northeast China and North China [4].
10 harvesting and primary processing of Atractylodes lancea, digging in spring and autumn, removing sediment, drying in the sun, and removing fibrous roots [1].
The pharmacognostic character of Atractylodes lancea is 1 1. 1. Atractylodes lancea is irregular beaded or nodular, slightly curved and occasionally branched, with a length of 3 ~ 10 cm and a diameter of 1 ~ 2 cm. The surface is grayish brown, with wrinkles, lateral bending and residual fibrous roots, and there are stem marks or residual stem bases at the top. Solid, yellow-white or gray-white in cross section, scattered in most orange-yellow or brown-red oil cavities, and white fine needle-like crystals can be precipitated after long-term exposure. Unique smell, slightly sweet, pungent and bitter.
1 1.2 Atractylodes macrocephala is a block or nodular cylinder with a length of 4 ~ 9 cm and a diameter of 1 ~ 4~9cm. The surface is dark brown and the skin is yellowish brown. The texture is loose, and the section is scattered in the yellow-brown oil cavity. The aroma is light, spicy and bitter.
12 Processing of Atractylodes in the Tang Dynasty, there were two methods: rice juice soaking and vinegar cooking (the secret recipe of giving, healing, wounding and soaking by immortals) [1].
In the Song Dynasty, there were fried yellow rice (Taiping Sheng Huifang), fried rice bran after soaking (Herbal Yan Yi), fried rice bran with vinegar after soaking, fried honey locust with boiled salt water (recorded by Sheng Jizong), fried rice swill with scallion (Taiping He Huimin Ji Fang), and then fried rice swill.
During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, a variety of auxiliary materials were added, such as "rice soaked in water, pepper fried, salt fried, vinegar boiled, wine boiled" (Confucian housework), fennel fried, Cornus officinalis fried, Grifola umbellata fried, children's excrement soaked, running water baked (eating a small square), and so were aconite and toosendan seeds soaked in rice.
In the Ming Dynasty, there were charcoal-making, steaming, Cornus officinalis (Puji recipe), rice-soil combination, ginger juice frying (Shu Ren Manual), mulberry juice taking (Jingyue Quanshu), oyster powder frying after soaking rice (Yin Ji Outline) and black bean honey wine brewing after soaking rice. At the same time, the purpose of processing is also expounded, such as "Atractylodes is dry, so it is soaked in glutinous rice, its oil is removed, and it is sliced and dried in the sun [1]". It is also useful to fry fat hemp to control its dryness (Compendium of Materia Medica) [1].
In the Qing Dynasty, nine steaming and nine drying methods (medical prescription collection), burning method, local carbonization method (surgical syndrome treatment collection) and baking method (cluster fire) were added [1].
At present, the main processing methods are fried coke and bran [1].
12. 1 processing method of atractylodes rhizome 12. 1 atractylodes rhizome, removing impurities, soaking in water, washing, fully wetting, cutting into thick slices, drying, and sieving out impurities [1].
12.10.2 fried atractylodes rhizome with bran. Heat the pan first, sprinkle with wheat bran, and heat it over medium heat. When it smokes, add Rhizoma Atractylodis slices and continue to stir fry [1]. When it is dark yellow, take it out, sift the wheat bran and let it cool [1].
Use 100kg of wheat bran per100 kg of Rhizoma atractylodis tablets [1].
12.10.3 scorched Atractylodes lancea slice, put it in a hot pot, heat it with medium fire, spray a little water when it turns brown, fry it with slow fire, take it out, let it cool, and sieve off the debris [1].
12.2 The finished product of Atractylodes lancea is irregular in character, thick, irregular in edge, grayish brown in periphery, with wrinkles and transverse curvature, yellowish white or grayish white on one side, scattered in most orange or brownish red oil spots (commonly known as "cinnabar spots"), and precipitated white hairy crystals (commonly known as "frosting") [1]. Solid mass [1]. Unique smell, slightly sweet, pungent and bitter [1].
The surface of Atractylodes lancea fried with bran is yellow or burnt yellow, and its aroma is stronger than that of raw atractylodes lancea [1].
The surface of Atractylodes lancea charcoal is brown and has a burnt smell [1].
12.3 The processing effect of raw Atractylodes lancea is warm and dry, pungent and intense, and it is strong in eliminating dampness, expelling wind and dispelling cold [1]. Used for rheumatic arthralgia, numbness of skin, soreness of feet and knees, common cold, soreness of limbs, damp-heat fever, and soreness of limbs [1]. For example, coix seed soup for rheumatism and arthralgia (Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment), Baihu plus Atractylodes Decoction for damp-heat and fever (Syndrome Differentiation and Survival Book); Jiuwei Qianghuo Decoction is used for cold and dampness (it is hard to know) [1].
After bran frying, the spicy taste is weakened, the dryness is reduced, the qi becomes fragrant, and the spleen and stomach functions are enhanced. Used for disharmony between spleen and stomach, stagnation of phlegm and drink, epigastric fullness, cyanosis, and croaking [1]. For example, Wei Ping Powder for treating spleen-stomach disharmony and Buhuan Jinqi Powder for stopping phlegm (Taiping Huimin and JiFang Ju); Ershusan is used to treat green blindness and sparrow blindness (standard of syndrome differentiation and treatment) [1].
The pungent dryness of Atractylodes lancea is greatly reduced, and the main way is to strengthen the intestine to stop diarrhea [1]. Used for diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, chronic dysentery or leukorrhagia of women [1]. Such as Jiaozhu Pill (Baomingji) for treating diarrhea due to spleen deficiency [1].
Study on the Processing of Atractylodes lancea in June 5438+02.4. The main components are atractyl alcohol and atractylone [1].
12.4. 1 Effect on Chemical Constituents of Atractylodes lancea The content of volatile oil in different processed products (fried with bran and steamed rice) of Atractylodes lancea was determined. The results showed that the content of volatile oil decreased obviously after processing, and bran frying and rice washing had the best effect, which played a role in drying. The results show that the relative content of processed products is lower than that of raw products, and the physical constants (specific gravity, specific rotation and refractive index) are different, but the composition of volatile oil has no obvious change. There is no obvious difference among the processed products in the above aspects [1].
12.4.2 pharmacological effects According to experimental reports, the volatile oil of Atractylodes lancea has sedative effect on frogs and slight hyperreflexia on spinal cord [1]. Large doses of volatile oil from Atractylodes lancea can inhibit the central nervous system and eventually lead to respiratory paralysis and death. It can be seen that the side effects caused by excessive volatile oil from Atractylodes lancea are very obvious [1]. Processed Rhizoma Atractylodis (fried with bran and made with rice swill) can obviously increase the weight of mice with spleen deficiency, prolong swimming time, improve the symptoms of mice with spleen deficiency, inhibit the small intestine propulsion of mice with spleen deficiency and reduce the degree of diarrhea, but the effect of raw products is not obvious [1]. It can be seen that the processed Rhizoma Atractylodis can enhance the functions of invigorating spleen, eliminating dampness, strengthening intestine and stopping diarrhea [1].
12.4.3 technology research experiment compared three methods of atractylodes rhizome, namely bran frying, rice frying and baking frying. The results show that all methods can reduce the content of volatile oil, but there is no obvious difference in the components of volatile oil [1]. Among them, the baking process improves the processing conditions, and it is easy to control the temperature, and the decoction pieces are heated evenly, which is convenient to master the quality of drugs, and this method is simple to operate [1]. The experimental results showed that the optimum baking conditions were 70℃ for 30 minutes [1].
12.5 storage method: store in a dry container in a ventilated and dry place [1]. Mould and moth proof [1].
13 Atractylodes lancea's sexual and taste tropism. Atractylodes lancea is pungent, bitter and warm [1]. Spleen, stomach and liver meridians [1].
14 The efficacy and indications of Atractylodes lancea have the functions of eliminating dampness, strengthening the spleen, expelling wind and dispelling cold, and improving eyesight [1]. It is used for damp obstruction of middle energizer, abdominal distension, diarrhea and edema, beriberi, rheumatism, cold, night blindness and red eyes [2].
Atractylodes lancea is warm and dry, pungent and fierce, and has strong ability of eliminating dampness, expelling wind and dispelling cold [1]. Used for rheumatic arthralgia, numbness of skin, soreness of feet and knees, common cold, soreness of limbs, damp-heat fever, and soreness of limbs [1]. For example, coix seed soup for rheumatism and arthralgia (Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment), Baihu plus Atractylodes Decoction for damp-heat and fever (Syndrome Differentiation and Survival Book); Jiuwei Qianghuo Decoction is used for cold and dampness (it is hard to know) [1].
Bran fried atractylodes can weaken pungent taste, relieve dryness, make qi fragrant, and enhance the functions of strengthening spleen and stomach. Used for disharmony between the spleen and stomach, stagnation of phlegm and drink, abdominal distension, cyanosis, and finching [1]. For example, Wei Ping Powder for treating spleen-stomach disharmony and Buhuan Jinqi Powder for stopping phlegm (Taiping Huimin and JiFang Ju); Ershusan is used to treat green blindness and sparrow blindness (standard of syndrome differentiation and treatment) [1].
The pungent dryness of Atractylodes lancea is greatly reduced, and the main way is to strengthen the intestine to stop diarrhea [1]. Used for diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, chronic dysentery or leukorrhagia of women [1]. Such as Jiaozhu Pill (Baomingji) for treating diarrhea due to spleen deficiency [1].
Atractylodes lancea has the effects of eliminating dampness and strengthening spleen, expelling wind and removing dampness, improving eyesight and removing filth [4].
Treat dampness, tiredness, abdominal distension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, phlegm retention and skin edema [4].
Treat spleen dampness, weakness of feet and knees, intestinal wind, leukorrhagia and turbid urine [4].
Treat seasonal cold pathogen, cold and fever, malaria, rheumatism and joint pain [4].
Treating night blindness and rickets in children [4]. Decocting: 4.5 ~ 9g [4].
Atractylodes lancea is a commonly used medicine for diuresis and dampness absorption in ophthalmology, which has the effects of eliminating dampness, strengthening spleen, expelling wind and removing dampness and improving eyesight.
(1) is used for blurred vision and color blindness caused by spleen deficiency and dampness resistance.
(2) It can be used for blurred vision, night blindness, narrowed vision, etc. Blurred eyes caused by high wind cataract and infantile malnutrition. It can be used alone or combined with pig liver and night sand, such as night powder.
15 The chemical constituents of Atractylodes lancea mainly contain volatile oil, among which the main components are atractyl alcohol and atractylone [1].
Atractylodes lancea contains volatile oil [3].
Atractylodes lancea contains volatile oil, and its main components are cineole, β-cineole, atractylone, glyoxal, etc.
16 The pharmacological action of Rhizoma Atractylodis can resist experimental gastritis and gastric ulcer, regulate gastrointestinal movement, protect liver and gallbladder, block nicotine (N) receptor and resist hypoxia [4]. The decoction has hypoglycemic effect on experimental diabetes in rabbits. It can obviously excrete sodium, potassium and chlorine in rats [4]. But there is no diuretic effect [4]. Eucalyptus brain has sedative effect; Rhizoma Atractylodis (preferably combined with Folium Artemisiae Argyi, etc. ) has good sterilization and virus killing effect [4].
The main pharmacological effects of Atractylodes lancea include inhibiting stress ulcer, regulating gastrointestinal motility, raising blood sugar, calming, protecting liver, resisting hypoxia, resisting tumor, resisting virus, bacteria and fungi [3].
According to experimental reports, the volatile oil of Atractylodes lancea has sedative effect on frogs and slight hyperreflexia on spinal cord [1]. Large doses of volatile oil from Atractylodes lancea can inhibit the central nervous system and eventually lead to respiratory paralysis and death. It can be seen that the side effects caused by excessive volatile oil from Atractylodes lancea are very obvious [1].
Processed Rhizoma Atractylodis can enhance the functions of invigorating spleen, eliminating dampness, strengthening intestine and stopping diarrhea [1]. Processed Rhizoma Atractylodis (fried with bran and made with rice swill) can obviously increase the weight of mice with spleen deficiency, prolong swimming time, improve the symptoms of mice with spleen deficiency, inhibit the small intestine propulsion of mice with spleen deficiency and reduce the degree of diarrhea, but the effect of raw products is not obvious [1].
17 Eating foods similar to Rhizoma Atractylodis should avoid eating peaches, plums, sparrows, Chinese cabbage and herring [5].
18 Atractylodes lancea poisoning 18. 1 Adverse reaction mechanism: large dose of inhibition of the central nervous system, eventually leading to respiratory paralysis and death. [3]
Clinical manifestations: dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, convulsions, and severe dyspnea. [3]
18.3 the treatment points of atractylodes poisoning are [3]:
1. Promote the discharge of poisons: gastric lavage, vomiting, catharsis and fluid replacement.
2. Symptomatic treatment.
19 The Pharmacopoeia Standard of Atractylodes lancea 19. 1 is called Atractylodes lancea.
Zangzhu
Chinese atractylodes
19.2 Source This product is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes lancea. )DC。 Or China dike (DC. )Koidz。 Compositae plants Excavate in spring and autumn, remove sediment, dry in the sun, and destroy fibrous roots.
19.3 Character 19.3. 1 Atractylodes lancea is irregular beaded or nodular cylindrical, slightly curved and occasionally branched, with a length of 3 ~ 10 cm and a diameter of 1 ~ 2 cm. The surface is grayish brown, with wrinkles, lateral bending and residual fibrous roots, and there are stem marks or residual stem bases at the top. Solid, yellow-white or gray-white in cross section, scattered in most orange-yellow or brown-red oil cavities, and white fine needle-like crystals can be precipitated after long-term exposure. Unique smell, slightly sweet, pungent and bitter.
19.3.2 Atractylodes macrocephala is a block or nodular cylinder with a length of 4 ~ 9 cm and a diameter of 1 ~ 4~9cm. The surface is dark brown and the skin is yellowish brown. The texture is loose, and the section is scattered in the yellow-brown oil cavity. The aroma is light, spicy and bitter.
19.4 Identification (1) This product is brown powder. The needle-like crystals of calcium oxalate are fine, 5 ~ 30μ m long, and irregularly filled in parenchyma cells. Most of the fibers are in bundles, long spindle-shaped, about 40μm in diameter, thick in wall and lignified. There are many stone cells, sometimes connected with cork cells, which are polygonal, quasi-circular or dung rectangular, with a diameter of 20 ~ 80 microns and extremely thick walls. Inulin is common, and the surface is radial texture.
(2) Take 0.8g of this product powder, add 65438±00ml of methanol, perform ultrasonic treatment for 65438 05 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. In addition, 0.8g of Rhizoma Atractylodis was taken as the control medicinal material, and the control medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. Then take the Atractylodes rhizome reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg per kloc-0/ml as the reference substance solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography test (Appendix ⅵ b of Pharmacopoeia 20 10), 6μl of test solution, 6 μ l of reference solution and 2μl of reference solution were respectively applied to the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, and petroleum ether (60 ~ 90℃) and acetone (9: 2) were used as developing agents, and then spread, taken out, dried and sprayed with 65438. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatograms of the reference medicinal materials and the reference substance.
The water content of 19.5.1shall not exceed 13.0% (Appendix ⅸ H, Method 2, Edition 20 10 of Pharmacopoeia I).
19.5.2 The total ash content shall not exceed 7.0% (Appendix ⅸ k of Pharmacopoeia 20 10).
The content of 19.6 should be determined in the dark. According to high performance liquid chromatography (Pharmacopoeia 20 10, Appendix VI D).
19.6. 1 chromatographic conditions and system applicability test: octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as filler; The mobile phase is methanol-water (79: 2 1); The detection wavelength is 340 nm. Based on the peak of atractylin, the theoretical plate number should be not less than 5000.
19.6.2 preparation of reference solution: take an appropriate amount of Atractylodes rhizome reference substance, weigh it accurately, and add methanol to make a solution containing 20ul per 1ml.
19.6.3 preparation of test solution take about 0.2g of this product powder (pass through No.3 sieve), weigh it accurately, put it in a conical flask with a stopper, add 50ml of methanol accurately, plug it, weigh it, perform ultrasonic treatment (power 250W, frequency 40k Hz) 1 hour, let it cool, weigh it again, and make up with methanol.
19.6.4 determination method Accurately suck the control solution and the test solution 10μl respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine to obtain the product.
In terms of dry product, the content of atractylin (Cl3H 100) in this product shall not be less than 0.30%.
19.7 Rhizoma Atractylodis 19.7. 1 Processed Rhizoma Atractylodis 19.7. 1 Remove impurities, clean, fully wet, cut into thick slices and dry.
This product is an irregular round or strip thick tablet. The outer skin is grayish brown to yellowish brown, with wrinkles and sometimes root marks. The section is yellowish white or grayish white, with most orange or brownish red oil cavities scattered, and some white fine needle-like crystals can be precipitated. Unique smell, slightly sweet, pungent and bitter.
19.7.1.1.1Check that the water content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 1 1.0%.
The total ash content is the same as that of medicinal materials and shall not exceed 5.0%.
The identification and content determination of19.7.1.1.2 are the same as those of medicinal materials.
19.7.10.2 stir-fry Rhizoma atractylodis with bran, and stir-fry Rhizoma atractylodis according to the bran frying method (appendix 2 d of Pharmacopoeia I 20 10) until the surface is dark yellow.
This product is similar to Rhizoma Atractylodis, with dark yellow surface and scattered in brown oil cavity. It has a burnt smell.
19.7.1.2.1Check that the water content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 10.0%.
The total ash content is the same as that of medicinal materials and shall not exceed 5.0%.
19.7. 1.2.2 The content of atractylin (C 13H 10O) is not less than 0.20%.
19.7.2 Sexual taste and pungent, bitter and warm meridian tropism. Enter spleen, stomach and liver meridians.
19.7.3 Functions and indications: eliminating dampness, strengthening spleen, expelling wind and cold, and improving eyesight. It can be used for damp obstruction of middle energizer, abdominal distension, diarrhea, edema, beriberi, rheumatism, common cold, night blindness and blurred vision.
19.7.4 Usage and dosage 3 ~ 9g.
19.7.5 Store in a cool and dry place.
19.8 source: People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (20 10).
20