Sangzhi County is bounded by Shimen and Cili County in the east, Yongding and Yongshun County in Zhangjiajie in the south, Longshan County in the west and Xuanen and Hefeng County in Hubei Province in the north. Sangzhi, called "Chongxian" in ancient times, belongs to Jingzhou, where Tujia and Miao people live together.
As early as 654.38 million years ago, there were Gupu people in Sangzhi. Gupu people, located in the hinterland of Wuling Mountains, have lived in rolling mountains and criss-crossing rivers for a long time, and have embarked on a civilized road from fishing and hunting to farming, creating a fascinating Chu witch culture.
Year after year, generation after generation, in the picturesque world, Gupu people use songs instead of words to express their feelings, feelings about life and yearning for a better life. That long, loud and clear singing voice has crossed mountains, streams and rivers, and reverberated between heaven and earth for a long time.
Rites are like drums, and Chunlan is like autumn chrysanthemum.
Pass on Ba Xi, from generation to generation, without end.
Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" records the folk song culture and witch culture of Chu people with songs and songs as the media.
Witches are the inheritors of ancient civilization. In the ancient and diverse worship activities of Chu witches, witches' worship of Sangzhi ancestors' nature, totem, ghosts and gods and ancestors is endless.
For thousands of years, in the remote mountain corner of Sangzhi, some old toast's songs for the dead have continued the magical, absurd, magnificent and unrestrained ancient songs and dances.
In the Ming Dynasty, at the request of the imperial court, Sangzhi Tusi led thousands of Tujia children from Sangzhi to Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Korea for three times to resist Japan.
The song "Mulberry Trees Set Up Lampstands" has been accompanied by the soldiers' journey.
Man: Masingue took a lampstand, wrote a letter and took it with her sister. Sister Lang went to the army, and she was at home. I can't come for three or five years, so you can't grow flowers anywhere.
Woman: Brother Ma takes a lampstand and writes a letter to Yelang. You wait for me for many years and you don't come. I'll take two years and you don't come. I can only feed you if the key is locked.
In later generations, "Masingue built a lampstand" was given a new meaning. Couples bid farewell to singing "Masingue built a lampstand", and folk songs became a confession of faithful love.
Sangzhi folk songs have strong national characteristics. The Tujia people's Song of Waving Hands has a clear and solemn rhythm, which contains the contents of human survival and labor creation, and is a vivid epic of Tujia civilization.
Tujia horse body song, also known as "Tujia horse body divine comedy", is an ancient song sung in Tujia language in Tujia horse body activities. It has a long history, rich connotations and distinctive features, which has a far-reaching impact on Tujia people's humanistic society.
Song of Horse Body is a long epic with a grand pattern, voluminous volume and a thousand words of singing style. This book gives a valuable description of Tujia history, ethnic migration, astronomy and geography, religious taboos, religious philosophy, productive labor and living customs. It is a precious cultural heritage in Tujia folk literature in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.
In addition, the deep and majestic Bai ancestor worship songs accompanied by shouting and singing in the dance are a national historical chapter in which the Bai people in Xiangxi inherit the Bai culture in Dali, Yunnan.
Lishui, which originated from Sangzhi, has always been the cradle of Sangzhi folk songs. For thousands of years, Lishui trackers have created a magnificent Lishui hymn while conquering rapids and dangerous beaches.
There are more than 80 kinds of songs in Lishui, such as launching song, Shanghai beach song, pingshui song, winding at the beginning, pulling the fiber song, boating song, etc., which have become classics of folk songs.
For thousands of years, Sangzhi folk songs have been handed down from generation to generation and are well preserved. For example, the "grass-cutting gongs and drums" circulating in Baishi, Xilian and Renrenxi in Sangzhi have retained the original legacy of inviting gods to send them away. Under the command of gongs and drums, the author sang in harmony and launched a labor competition.
Sangzhi folk songs have been tempered for thousands of years, and Sangzhi folk songs show unique artistic charm in singing and whispering. In a word, it has two values:
From the social and cultural point of view, Sangzhi folk songs are the products of Sangzhi's unique geographical environment and closed and semi-closed living conditions, among which there are many songs that reflect primitive religion, such as Tang Nuo Opera, gongs and drums. Among them, the structure of three lyrics provides valuable materials and examples for studying the diversity of China folk songs, which embodies Sang Zhi's simple philosophical thought of advocating "three".
From the artistic features, Sangzhi folk songs originated from the productive labor in primitive farming period, and its main artistic style is simple, broad, humorous and humorous. Sangzhi folk songs are divided into folk songs, minor, etiquette songs, Nuo tunes and so on, covering many schools of traditional folk songs.
Sangzhi's folk songs have a rigorous music structure and diverse styles, especially the use of lining words, which makes folk songs reach a very high artistic level in setting off the atmosphere and revealing the inner feelings of characters. In addition, Sang Zhi's unique method of moistening the cavity and vocal singing skills greatly enriched the theory of national singing and provided a unique example for vocal singing.
Sangzhi folk songs can express various emotions. There are mellow and lively folk songs, beautiful and lyrical tunes, cheerful and active lanterns, and low and sad folk art. There are also magnificent labor trumpets, stirring grasslands, loud gongs and drums, and passionate battle songs.
From the simple and rhythmic call sign in the initial labor, it has developed into a song form with rich lyrics and complete tunes, which embodies the wisdom and strength of the working people and shows their optimistic and fearless heroism.
Folk singers like to sing songs that combine singing skills with lyrics, national language and local characteristics, and are good at singing different thoughts and feelings, which makes the audience often intoxicated and happy.
Sangzhi is a minority county with Tujia, Bai and Miao as the main body. These ethnic groups only have language but no writing, and most of the cultures they create are passed down orally from generation to generation. Sangzhi folk songs are a combination of oral literature and music they created.
As ancient books passed down from mouth to mouth, some came from fields with green crops, some from rippling streams, some from valleys full of flowers, and some from the wilderness at sunset and dusk. However, whether in the sun or in the moonlight, although melodious, it is easy to be spread away, evolved and misinformed.
Therefore, Sangzhi people began to collect folk songs. According to the records, there are more than 65,438+00,000 Sangzhi folk songs, which have been adapted and classified. More than 400 folk songs 1400 have been edited, more than 30 classical tunes of lanterns 130, more than 200 minor songs, more than 0/00 labor songs, more than 60 kinds of manners and customs, and more than 500,000 words. After years of polishing, it has become an enduring miracle in folk art.