2 English reference Xanthium sibiricum [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
Xanthium sibiricum achene [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Xanthium sibiricum [People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (20 10 Edition)]
Xanthium sibiricum [Committee on Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine]. Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)]
Xanthium sibiricum [Committee on Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine]. Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)]
3. Overview Xanthium sibiricum is a pungent drug for relieving exterior syndrome [1]. Out of the "prepare 1000 yuan, prescription, diet." It is a dry and mature fruit of Xanthium sibiricum with involucre. Compositae plants [2].
Xanthium sibiricum is spindle-shaped or oval, with a length of 1 ~ 1.5 cm and a diameter of 0.4 ~ 0.7 cm. The surface is yellow-brown or yellow-green, all of which are hooked. There are two thick thorns at the top, which are separated or connected together, and there are traces of fruit stalks at the base. Hard, with mediastinal membrane in the center of cross section, and 2 chambers, each chamber has 65438 0 achenes. Achene is slightly spindle-shaped, flat on one side, with 1 protruding style base at the top, thin, gray-black, with longitudinal stripes. Seed coat is membranous, light gray, cotyledon 2, oily. Slight breath and bitter taste. The surface of fried Xanthium sibiricum is burnt yellow, and the thorn tip is crisp and slightly fragrant [2].
Xanthium sibiricum is pungent, bitter and warm; Toxic [2]. Return to lung meridian [2]. It has the function of expelling wind and dampness and dredging nasal orifices [2]. Xanthium sibiricum has a strong effect of expelling wind and relieving itching, and is mostly used for skin diseases such as prurigo and scabies [2]. Stir-fried Fructus Xanthii can reduce toxicity, and has the tendency of dredging nasal orifices, expelling wind and removing dampness, and relieving pain [2]. Commonly used for sinus headache and rheumatalgia [2].
4 Latin scientific name of Xanthium sibiricum (La) (terminology of traditional Chinese medicine (2004))
5 English name of Xanthium sibiricum (Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004))
6 Xanthium sibiricum alias Xanthium sibiricum is also known as Bovis, Chaenomeles, Chaenomeles, Cangzi, Laocangzi, Hucangzi, Cangzhu and Huqinzi [1].
(moss+wood) auricularia, litsea cubeba, litsea cubeba, cattle lice [3].
The prescription of Xanthium sibiricum was named Fried Xanthium sibiricum [2].
The source of Xanthium sibiricum is the dried and mature fruit with involucre. Compositae plants
Xanthium sibiricum is the fruit with involucre of Xanthium sibiricum in Compositae [3].
9 Property is located all over the country [3].
10 harvesting and primary processing of xanthium sibiricum; Autumn fruits are harvested and dried when they are ripe, and impurities such as stems and leaves are removed [2].
1 1 xanthium sibiricum is spindle-shaped or oval, with a length of 1 ~ 1.5 cm and a diameter of 0.4 ~ 0.7 cm. The surface is yellow-brown or yellow-green, all of which are hooked. There are two thick thorns at the top, which are separated or connected together, and there are traces of fruit stalks at the base. Hard, with mediastinal membrane in the center of the cross section, with 2 chambers, each with 65438 0 achenes. Achene is slightly spindle-shaped, flat on one side, with 1 protruding style base at the top, thin, gray-black, with longitudinal stripes. Seed coat is membranous, light gray, cotyledon 2, oily. Slight breath and bitter taste. (People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (20 10 Edition))
Processing of Xanthium sibiricum 12 Xanthium sibiricum was first seen in Shennong Herbal Classic.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Liu and Song Dynasties, it was concocted as follows: "Whoever picks it, goes to its heart [2]. Take Polygonatum sibiricum, cut it with a bamboo knife, mix it evenly, steam it together, take it out of the silk and dry it in the shade "(on Lei Gong's baking) [2].
In the Tang Dynasty, there was a method of burning ashes (a recipe for preparing a daughter for emergency) [2]
There was a slight stir-fry in the Song Dynasty (Taiping Sheng Huifang) [2].
In the Ming Dynasty, there were crisp (Puji Fang) and steamed wine (elegant herbs) [2].
The Qing dynasty basically followed the laws of the previous dynasty [2].
Now the main processing methods are fried yellow and so on [2].
12. 1 Processing method of Fructus Xanthii. Xanthium? Take the original medicinal materials, remove impurities and mash them when using [2].
2. Fried Xanthium sibiricum? Take clean Xanthium sibiricum, put it in a frying container, heat it with medium fire, fry it until it is brown, and when it is burnt, grind off the thorns and sieve it [2]. Mash it with time [2].
12.2 The finished product features that Xanthium sibiricum is spindle-shaped or oval [2]. The surface is yellow-brown or yellow-green, full of thorns, and the body is light and strong [2]. After halftime, Shuang Ren was inside. It is oily, with slight gas and a little bitter [2].
The surface of fried Xanthium sibiricum is burnt yellow, and the thorn tip is crisp and slightly fragrant [2].
12.3 The processing of Xanthium sibiricum has a strong effect of expelling wind and relieving itching, and is mostly used for skin diseases such as prurigo and scabies [2]. For example, Seven Star Sword (Authentic Surgery) [2] is used to treat furuncle. For vitiligo and leprosy, Xanthium sibiricum decoction can be taken orally (Medical Zong Jin Jian) [2].
After decoction, the toxicity can be reduced, and it tends to dredge nasal orifices, dispel wind, remove dampness and relieve pain [2]. Commonly used for sinus headache and rheumatalgia [2]. For example, Xanthium sibiricum powder (Yanshi Jisheng Fang) [2]. For rheumatic arthralgia, arthralgia, spasm and numbness, Fructus Xanthii decoction is effective (Physician's Heart Mirror) [2].
12.4 This product contains xanthoside, resin, fatty oil, alkaloid, vitamin C and pigment [2].
According to preliminary research, most scholars believe that the toxicity of Xanthium sibiricum is related to its toxic protein; Some scholars believe that toxic substances often damage visceral parenchymal cells such as liver, heart and kidney, leading to jaundice, arrhythmia and proteinuria [2]. Especially the damage to the liver, can cause hepatic coma and rapid death, even if cured, it is easy to leave the sequelae of hepatomegaly [2].
The toxic protein of Xanthium sibiricum is one of its toxic components, which can be reduced by soaking in water or heating, such as being destroyed after frying in coke and charcoal [2]. Some people think that Xanthium sibiricum can only be used as medicine if it is fried to brown, so that the toxic protein contained in fatty oil can be denatured and solidified in cells without dissolving out, thus achieving the purpose of detoxification [2]. According to another study, the water extract content of stir-fried and stir-fried Fructus Xanthii was significantly higher than that of raw Fructus Xanthii. However, the content of fatty oil is lower than that of raw products, and its analgesic effect is stronger than that of raw products, and its toxicity is lower than that of raw products [2]. Through the study on the quality of Xanthium sibiricum and its processed products, it is considered that the water content is generally below 5%, the water extract is not less than 8%, and the fat oil is not less than 12%[2].
Although Xanthium sibiricum was recorded as toxic in China Pharmacopoeia, the acute toxicity of its raw and processed products was not significant, and LD50 could not be detected, and its maximum tolerance was more than 277 times of the clinical dosage of adults [2]. Further research is needed [2].
12.5 storage method: store it in a dry container and place it in a ventilated and dry place in a sealed way [2].
13 Xanthium sibiricum is pungent, bitter and warm; Toxic [2]. Return to lung meridian [2].
Xanthium sibiricum is sweet, bitter and pungent, mild in nature and slightly toxic [3]. Into the lung and liver meridians [3].
14 efficacy and indications xanthium sibiricum has the functions of expelling wind and dampness and dredging nasal orifices [2].
Xanthium sibiricum has the effects of dispelling cold, inducing resuscitation, expelling wind and removing dampness. Used for wind-cold headache, nasal congestion, nasal congestion, sinusitis, rubella itching and dampness stagnation. (People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (20 10 Edition))
Xanthium sibiricum has a strong effect of expelling wind and relieving itching, and is mostly used for skin diseases such as prurigo and scabies [2]. For example, Seven Star Sword (Authentic Surgery) [2] is used to treat furuncle. For vitiligo and leprosy, Xanthium sibiricum decoction can be taken orally (Medical Zong Jin Jian) [2].
Stir-fried Fructus Xanthii can reduce toxicity, and has the tendency of dredging nasal orifices, expelling wind and removing dampness, and relieving pain [2]. Commonly used for sinus headache and rheumatalgia [2]. For example, Xanthium sibiricum powder (Yanshi Jisheng Fang) [2]. For rheumatic arthralgia, arthralgia, spasm and numbness, it is effective to take Xanthium sibiricum decoction (Physician's Heart Mirror) [2].
Xanthium sibiricum has the effects of dispelling cold, inducing resuscitation, relieving pain, relieving itching and killing insects [3]. Treat wind-cold headache, sinusitis, nasal congestion, toothache, rheumatic joint pain, limb contracture, leprosy, furuncle and skin itching [3].
15 The main chemical components of Xanthium sibiricum fruit contain xanthoside, and the seeds contain fatty oil and other components.
Xanthium sibiricum contains glycosides, resins, fatty oils, alkaloids, vitamin C and pigments [2].
Xanthium sibiricum contains xanthophyll, hydroquinone, alkaloid, β sitosterol, stigmasterol and fatty oil [3]. Xanthium sibiricum seeds contain hydroxyl atractyloside.
16 Pharmacological Effects of Xanthium sibiricum The main pharmacological effects of Xanthium sibiricum are: lowering blood sugar, inhibiting heart, relieving inflammation, relieving pain, relieving cough, relieving asthma, regulating immunity, resisting tumor, antithrombin, resisting bacteria and virus [1].
Xanthium sibiricum seeds contain hydroxyl atractyloside, which has obvious hypoglycemic effect [3].
The water decoction of Fructus Xanthii has antitussive and heart activity inhibiting effects [3]. This decoction has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus and Pneumococcus in vitro [3].
The ethanol extract of Xanthium sibiricum has inhibitory effect on Trichophyton rubrum [3].
The main toxic component of Xanthium sibiricum may be a glycoside, which can make the blood sugar of animals drop sharply, leading to convulsion and death [3]. Animal pathological anatomy also found that kidney and liver were damaged and brain tissue had secondary edema after poisoning [3].
Water immersion or high temperature treatment can reduce its toxicity [3].
17 xanthium sibiricum decoction usage and dosage: 4.5 ~ 9g [3]. The dosage should not be too large [3]. The oral toxic dose of Xanthium sibiricum is 30 ~ 90g [1].
18 the oral toxic dose of xanthium sibiricum is 30 ~ 90g [1].
18. 1 adverse reaction mechanism The oral toxic dose of Xanthium sibiricum is 30 ~ 90g. If you take more than 30g of dried Fructus Xanthii and more than 0/0 of fresh Fructus Xanthii, children can be poisoned by taking 5 ~ 6 capsules. Its main toxic component is rhamnose, which contains xanthoside. It is a cytotoxin, which can damage visceral parenchymal cells such as heart, liver and kidney, and cause massive bleeding all over the body due to the increase of capillary permeability. It also acts on the digestive system and nervous system, affecting normal function and eventually leading to respiratory and circulatory system failure. [ 1]
18.2 The latency of clinical manifestations varies with the fruit, bud and cake of Xanthium sibiricum. The incubation period of direct raw eaters is 4-6 hours faster and 2-3 days slower. Bud eater 1 ~ 3 days; The onset time of patients who ate Xanthium sibiricum cake was10 ~ 20 h ~ 20 h. Poisoning symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, headache, listlessness, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, flushing and fever. In severe cases, irritability or lethargy, jaundice, liver pain, liver enlargement, bleeding tendency, neck rigidity, blood pressure drop, urinary incontinence, shock, and even hepatic encephalopathy occur. [ 1]
18.3 the key points of treating xanthium poisoning are [1]:
1. In the case of intestinal bleeding, vomiting may be induced. Gastric lavage with 1: 5000 potassium permanganate and catharsis with magnesium sulfate. For patients over 4 hours, intravenous infusion of 1% ~ 2% salt solution can be used, and glucuronic acid and a large number of vitamins C, B 1 and B 12 can be given.
2. Symptomatic treatment: If there is bleeding, give hemostatics such as vitamin K and transfusion if necessary. People who have difficulty breathing are given oxygen and breathing stimulants. Patients with heart failure and urinary incontinence should limit the amount of infusion and treat them symptomatically.
19 The standard of Xanthium sibiricum Pharmacopoeia is 19. 1.
Cangerzi
achene of Siberian cocklebur
19.2 Source This product is a dried and mature fruit of Xanthium sibiricum with involucre ... compositae. When the fruit is ripe in autumn, it is harvested and dried to remove impurities such as stems and leaves.
19.3 Features This product is spindle-shaped or oval, with a length of 1 ~ 1.5 cm and a diameter of 0.4 ~ 0.7 cm. The surface is yellow-brown or yellow-green, all of which are hooked. There are two thick thorns at the top, which are separated or connected together, and there are traces of fruit stalks at the base. Hard, with mediastinal membrane in the center of the cross section, with 2 chambers, each with 65438 0 achenes. Achene is slightly spindle-shaped, flat on one side, with 1 protruding style base at the top, thin, gray-black, with longitudinal stripes. Seed coat is membranous, light gray, cotyledon 2, oily. Slight breath and bitter taste.
19.4 Identification (1) The powder of this product is yellowish brown to yellowish green. Involucre fibers are in bundles, usually arranged crosswise. The epidermal cells of pericarp are brown and rectangular, often connected with the lower fibers. Pericarp fibers are bundled or dispersed individually, slender and spindle-shaped, with obvious or inconspicuous pits and grooves. The seed coat cells are light yellow, the outer layer cells are polygonal and the wall is slightly thick; The inner layer cells have * * * shaped processes. Wood parenchyma cells are rectangular with depressions. Cotyledon cells have fuzzy powder particles and oil droplets.
(2) Take 2g of this product powder, add 20ml of methanol, perform ultrasonic treatment for 20min, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to 2ml as the test solution. Another 2g of Xanthium sibiricum was taken as the control medicinal material, and Cai Zhao medicinal solution was prepared by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (Appendix ⅵ b of Pharmacopoeia I, 20 10), 4μl of each of the above two solutions was absorbed and spotted on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, and the upper solution of n-butanol glacial acetic acid monohydrate (4: 1: 5) was used as the developing agent, and then developed, taken out, dried and smoked in ammonia vapor until the spots became clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal materials.
The water content of 19.5.1shall not exceed 12.0% (Appendix ⅸ h First Method of Pharmacopoeia 20 10).
19.5.2 The total ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (Appendix ⅸ k of Pharmacopoeia 20 10).
19.6 Fructus Xanthii pieces 19.6. 1 processing 19.6. 1 removing impurities from Fructus Xanthii.
19.6. 1. 1 Characteristics, identification and inspection of the same medicinal materials.
19.6.10.2 parch xanthium sibiricum, wash xanthium sibiricum, parch to brown according to the parching method (appendix 2 d of Pharmacopoeia I, 20 10), remove thorns and sieve.
This product is similar to Xanthium sibiricum, with yellow-brown surface and stab marks. Slightly fragrant.
19.6.1.2.1Check that the water content is the same as that of medicinal materials, and shall not exceed 10.0%.
The total ash content is the same as that of medicinal materials.
19.6. 1.2.2 Identification of the same medicinal materials.
19.6.2 Sexual taste, pungent, bitter and warm meridian tropism; Toxic. Return to lung meridian.
19.6.3 Functions and indications: dispelling cold, dredging nasal orifices, expelling wind and removing dampness. Used for wind-cold headache, nasal congestion, nasal congestion, sinusitis, rubella itching and dampness stagnation.
19.6.4 Usage and dosage 3 ~ 10g.
19.6.5 Store in a dry place.
19.7 source: People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (20 10 edition).
20