About the knowledge and origin of Xiaohan
About the knowledge and origin of Xiaohan, Xiaohan is the 23rd solar term among the 24 solar terms in a year and the fifth solar term in winter. Xiaohan is a solar term that reflects temperature changes and is often the coldest time of the year. Let’s take a look at the knowledge and origins of Xiaohan. The knowledge and origin of Xiaohan 1
The origin of Xiaohan
Xiaohan is a solar term in winter, and it is also the 23rd solar term among the traditional twenty-four solar terms. Lesser Cold, like Great Cold, Lesser Heat, Great Heat and Extreme Heat, are all solar terms that represent changes in temperature. "The Collection of the Seventy-Two Hours of the Moon Order" says that "the cold at the beginning of the month is still small...and the cold at the middle of the month is big." That is to say, in the Yellow River Basin, the big cold at that time was colder than the small cold. And because the minor cold is still in the last few days of the "Two Ninth" period, and a few days after the minor cold, it enters the "third ninth period", and the minor cold in winter corresponds to the minor summer heat in summer, so it is called minor cold. During the cold season, you should keep warm and eat appropriate supplements.
Customs of the Lesser Cold Festival
In ancient times, there was the custom of the Lesser Winter Festival. "Xiaohan" is the solar term of the twelfth lunar month. Since the ancients would hold a twelfth lunar month festival to worship the gods in December, the twelfth lunar month was designated as the twelfth lunar month. The wooden meaning of wax is "connection", which means the handover of the old and the new. The wax sacrifice is one of the ancient sacrificial customs in my country, which has been formed as far back as the pre-Qin period. Han Yingjie's "Customs". "Yi" says: "La people are hunting, and hunting animals in the fields to sacrifice their ancestors. Or sun wax people are taking over, handing over new ones to old ones, so a big sacrifice is to repay merit." There are three meanings of "La Sacrifice", one is It means not forgetting the origins of oneself and his family, and expressing respect and memory for the ancestors. The second is to offer sacrifices to the gods and thank them for their contribution to agriculture throughout the year. Have fun here. The custom of wax festival was very popular in ancient my country.
Why is Xiaohan called "Xiaohan"?
Why is Xiaohan called "Xiaohan"? The last solar term, "Dahan", means "cold" in comparison, indicating that it has entered the cold season of the year. At this time, the cold air has accumulated for a long time, but it has not yet reached the coldest level, so it is called Xiaohan. . Astronomy experts remind that during the Xiaohan solar term, people should strengthen physical exercise, pay attention to cold and frost protection, especially keep the head, back and feet warm, and avoid excessive dietary supplements. 2
About the origin and characteristics of Xiaohan
Introduction
The Xiaohan solar term begins when the sun reaches 285° of ecliptic longitude. The average temperature in Beijing is generally around -5℃, with extreme minimum temperatures. Below -15℃; the northern part of Northeast China is really a world carved in ice. It is a scene of severe winter. In the slight cold season, except for southern areas, pay attention to topdressing winter fertilizers for crops such as wheat, rapeseed, and most areas of Hainan and South China. The main tasks are to prevent cold and frost, accumulate fertilizer and build water conservancy projects. On the basis of pouring frozen water, applying sufficient winter fertilizer, and cultivating soil before winter, the use of artificial covering method in cold winter is also important to prevent frost damage to agricultural and forestry crops. Measures. When the cold wave becomes strong and cold air arrives, pouring dilute manure water and removing plant ash can effectively reduce the harm of low temperature to rapeseed. For vegetable fields cultivated in the open field, crop straw, straw, etc. can be sparsely sprinkled on the vegetable bed as a Long-term covering in winter does not affect the light, but also reduces the wind speed between the vegetable plants, blocks heat loss from the ground, and has the effect of thermal insulation and anti-freezing. When low temperatures come, the covering will be thickened for temporary coverage, and then used again after the low temperature. Remove them in time. Greenhouse vegetables should be exposed to as much sunlight as possible at this time. Even if there is rain, snow, and low temperatures, the straw curtains and other coverings outside the greenhouse should not be left uncovered for many days in a row, so as not to affect the normal photosynthesis of the plants and cause nutritional deficiencies. When the curtain is lifted, the plants will wilt and die. In high mountain tea gardens, especially tea gardens in the northwest that are prone to cold winds, the canopy surface should be covered with straw, weeds or plastic film to prevent direct damage to the leaves caused by wind blowing and sandstorms. Hazard. After snow, the snow on the branches of fruit trees should be shaken off as soon as possible to avoid branch breakage caused by strong winds.
Xiaohan means that it is still cold at the beginning of December. , so it is said that it is big in the middle of the month.
On the day of Xiaohan, the magpies start to nest on the fifth day, and the pheasants start to fly on the fifth day.
). The meaning of countryside is to guide. During the second yang period, the geese will return to avoid the heat. Now they fly north of the countryside, and they will all return after the beginning of spring. The birds are the first to gain energy.
The magpie begins its nest. For magpies, every time the door of the magpie's nest is turned toward Tai Sui, at the beginning of the Winter Solstice and the beginning of the Tianyuan Period, the solar term of the coming year has been determined by the last two yangs, so the magpie can build a nest and know where to go.
The pheasant begins with gou. Pheasant, a bird of civilization, is also a yang bird; "雊" means chirping. Pheasants will chirp when they feel the growth of yang energy when approaching the forty-ninth hour.
Temperature
During the Xiaohan period, the average temperature in Beijing is generally around 15℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is below -15℃; in the northern part of Northeast China, the average temperature at this time is -30℃ The extreme minimum temperature can be as low as -50℃ below, and the average maximum temperature in the afternoon is only -20℃.
The average temperature in the areas north of 45°N in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and the Northern Tibetan Plateau is around -20°C, and the average temperature in the area west of the Hetao near 40°N is around -10°C. The average temperature in the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River is around 0℃. There is no seasonal frozen soil south of this line, and there is no obvious overwintering period for winter crops. At this time, the average temperature in the Jiangnan area is generally around 5°C. Although the fields are still full of life, cold air also moves southward from time to time, causing certain harm.
Climatic characteristics
When the sun’s ecliptic longitude reaches 285 degrees, the Xiaohan solar term begins. Han means cold, and Xiaohan means the degree of coldness.
Winters in southern China are noticeably warmer. In the midwinter of January, there are frosts and snows, and freezing is common. The lowest temperature is around minus 10°C. The lowest temperature in northern South China rarely falls below minus 5°C, and low temperatures below 0°C in southern South China are even rarer. The coldest area in China in mid-winter is northern Heilongjiang, where the lowest temperature can reach around minus 40°C. It is freezing cold and dripping water turns into ice. The low-altitude river valleys are the warmest places in mid-winter in most parts of southern China. The average temperature in January is around 12°C, and only a few years may see low temperatures below 0°C. In addition, the temperature inversion effect is very significant, so tropical fruits such as bananas and mangoes can grow well.
During the Xiaohan solar term, the East Asian large trough develops the most powerful and stable, the Mongolian cold high pressure and the Aleutian low pressure also reach the most powerful and stable, the scale of the westerly trough reaches the largest, and cooperates with the strongest westerly intensity. The cold air cooling process is frequent during the Xiaohan solar term, but not many of them reach the cold wave standard.
As the saying goes, "It's cold at thirty-nine." "March 9" usually falls between January 9th and 17th, which is also within the Xiaohan solar term. But this is just a general rule. In a few years, severe cold may be colder than mild cold. In the winter of 1975, which is still fresh in people's memories, the lowest temperature in the solar term was heavy snow!
The lowest temperature in South China is not low in winter, which is conducive to production and suitable for the development of diversified businesses. The growth of citrus, which “will not move when ordered to live in the south”, generally requires a minimum temperature of no less than minus 5°C and an annual temperature of higher than 15°C. Most areas in South China can meet this requirement, and almost all subtropical plants are available. For this reason, the unique climatic conditions should be a very important factor.
During the Xiaohan solar term, people should also pay attention to the meteorological station's forecast of strong cold air, prevent the impact of strong winds and rain and snow on Spring Festival travel, and pay attention to cold and frost protection.
Farming
Farming: During this season, we must continue to cultivate spring flowering crops, do a good job in preventing frost and moisture, and strive for a good harvest of spring flowers. To prevent snow and freezing rain from crushing bamboo and fruit trees, special attention must be paid to safety during fishing and breeding operations at sea or in rivers and lakes on foggy and windy days in winter.
Livestock
Doors and windows of pig houses, cow houses, and sheep pens should be closed to increase the temperature inside the houses.
Cattle and sheep should go out late for grazing and return early.
In order to increase the egg production rate, professional households raising laying hens firstly add an appropriate amount of brown sugar to the drinking water to supplement the energy deficiency caused by the cold in winter; secondly, increase artificial light.
Due to the withering of pasture in the wild, cattle and sheep must be fed artificially. Goats, especially pregnant ewes, need to supplement the feed amount of concentrate, and at the same time, increase vitamin E and trace elements to prevent the occurrence of abortion in ewes.
In winter, cloven-hoofed livestock, pigs, cattle, sheep, etc., should be vaccinated against epidemics to prevent the occurrence of acute and severe infectious diseases caused by infection from external epidemic sources.
In particular, it is necessary to prevent and control epidemic diseases such as porcine epidemic diarrhea, transmissible gastroenteritis, infectious bronchitis, and avian influenza.
Carry out ventilation and disinfection. The knowledge and origin of Xiaohan 3
The customs of Xiaohan
1. The wax festival
"Xiaohan" belongs to the solar term of the twelfth lunar month, and the wooden meaning of "snow" is "receiving" ", which means the handover between the old and the new. The wax sacrifice has been formed as far back as the pre-Qin period. Han Yingshao's "Customs and Customs" says: "La people are hunting, and they hunt animals in the fields to sacrifice their ancestors. Or they are connected, and new ones are handed over, so they are sacrificed to repay their merits."
2. Eat Laba porridge
"Laba porridge" is actually porridge cooked with various grains. According to ancient books, Laba porridge is cooked with yellow rice, white rice, glutinous rice, millet, peeled jujube paste, etc. mixed with water, and is dyed with red peach kernels, almonds, melon seeds, peanuts, etc. for external use. These foods are sweet and warm, and can regulate the spleen and stomach. It has the functions of replenishing qi, replenishing qi and nourishing blood, dispelling cold and strengthening body, producing body fluid and quenching thirst.
The origin of Xiaohan
We know that solar terms originated in the Yellow River Basin. In the explanation of solar terms at that time, "The Collection of the Seventy-Two Hours of the Moon Order" said "The cold at the beginning of the month is still small...and the cold at the middle of the month is big." In the Yellow River Basin at that time, the big cold was colder than the small cold. The minor cold in winter corresponds to the minor heat in summer, so it is called minor cold.
Knowledge about the folk proverbs of Xiaohan
1. The area south of the Yangtze River is "a small cold and a big cold, and the cold turns into ice balls". Although the major cold and minor cold are cold every year, the cold conditions are also different. In some years, the minor cold is not very cold, which often indicates that the major cold will be colder.
2. People in Guangxi have a proverb that "it's not cold but it's cold and it's big cold".
"If Xiaohan is not cold, Qingming is a quagmire" means that if the weather is sunny and warm on the Xiaohan day, it indicates that the weather will be colder in spring.
3. According to the rainy (snowy) conditions of the Minor Cold solar term, the proverbs that predict the future weather include: "When the Minor Cold rains, the rain will freeze the rice seedlings."