be genuine and sincere
Answer to Luo Zheng 'an's Shao Zai's book
Luo Zheng 'an (A.D. 1465- 1547), namely Luo Qinshun, whose real name was Yun Sheng, was called Zheng 'an. Taihe people in Jiangxi Province in Ming Dynasty. Scholars, officials to the official department ministers, less slaughter (another name for assistant minister of the official department in Ming and Qing Dynasties). Academically, he advocates that reason comes from the sky, lies in the heart, and reason is the thing, and he has a book "Sleeping Knowledge". This letter of Mr. Yangming was written in fifteen years, and this letter of Luo can be found in the appendix of volume five of "Sleeping Knowledge". See Ming Confucian Case, Volume 47.
original text
A sudden revelation: I was taught and "university" yesterday, and I rushed to the boat and failed to answer. Xiao Lai Jiang Xing has a little leisure time, so he can read it after teaching by hand. I was afraid that after Jiangxi, there would be personnel succession, so I invited them first. Come and teach the cloud: "It is difficult to see the Tao, especially difficult to see the Tao. Honesty is not easy to understand, but honesty in learning is indispensable. I'm afraid I can't be satisfied with hearing it and think it's extreme. "
Ok, ok! Why does it have to be heard? How dare he think he is extremely safe? Thinking about the world to explain the ears. In the past few years, some people heard what they said instead of laughing, some people criticized it, and some people didn't put it in a competition. Are they willing to teach me? He was willing to teach me, but he repeatedly explained that he was afraid that he could not save me. However, people all over the world who love me are as deep and sincere as deacons. How grateful I am! Confucius thought that her husband "didn't cultivate himself, but didn't study" was alarmist. However, scholars all over the world can learn a little about exegetics, that is, they all think they know what to learn and there is no need to give lectures. How sad! See you after your husband's way, and add your merits after your way. Tao must be learned before it becomes clear. There is something called Ming Dow, not preaching outside. However, there are two kinds of scholars who talk about the world, some talk about the world with body and mind, and some talk about the world with mouth and ears. Listen to your ears, guess and measure, and seek influence. Speaking with body and mind, doing research, all have their own people. Knowing this, you will know the knowledge of Confucius.
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I nodded first: I was lucky enough to lecture "University" tirelessly yesterday, but I couldn't answer because I was in a hurry by boat. Early in the morning, I took a break on the boat and took out your letter and read it again. After arriving in Jiangxi, I'm afraid there will be complicated affairs. First of all, I would like to give a brief reply here, and please criticize and correct me. The letter wrote: "It is difficult to see the Tao, and it will be more difficult to understand it. Tao is hard to understand, but learning is really indispensable. I'm afraid I can't regard my point of view as the highest standard of learning. "
Very honored! How can I hear this? How dare I think that I have reached the highest standard and feel at ease? I just want to explain the world. For many years, people all over the world have sneered, abused and dismissed my theory. Are these people willing to teach me? Willing to enlighten me again and again to make me understand that I am afraid I can't save me? However, among the people who love me in the world, who is so considerate as you? How can I thank you? Confucius was deeply worried about "no practice, no study". But now scholars only need to read books for a few days and know a little about exegetics, thinking that they can know knowledge and no longer pay attention to exploration. Really sad! Tao, you must observe it before you see it, not after you see it. "Tao" can only be understood through learning, and "Tao" has nothing to do with it except giving lectures. However, there are two kinds of people giving lectures now. One is to teach with body and mind, and the other is to teach with mouth and ears. Those who give lectures by mouth and ears speculate and guess, and all they say is catching shadows and specious content. What you say and do when you teach with your mind and body is what you really have. If you can know this, you will understand Confucius' theory.
[opinion]
Confucius said: "I am not a person born with knowledge, but a person who loves classics and is thirsty for knowledge." He also said: "saint, I can't; I just tirelessly seek and tirelessly teach people. " So he is extremely annoyed with those who study decadent and have biased knowledge. He criticized such people and said, "If you don't cultivate yourself, you won't learn, if you smell it, you won't move, and if you are poor, you won't change." Mr. Yangming expressed his worries like Kong's here.
original text
To restore an ancient version of "Da Xue", we must learn from others, but we must seek from the inside, and Cheng and Zhu Ge's theory of things cannot but seek from the outside, so we cut out Zhu's chapters and his biographies. You must be brave. Is learning both inside and outside? The ancient edition of Da Xue is an old edition handed down by Confucius. Zhu suspected that it had made a mistake and corrected it. In some cases, he said it was not wrong and learned from past mistakes. The loss lies in believing in Confucius, not in cutting Zhu Zhuchuan. The heart of a husband's study is expensive, and he seeks the heart instead of the heart. Although his words came from Confucius, he didn't dare to think they were true, but what could be worse than Confucius? It is from the heart, but it is also. Although it comes from a cliche, I dare not think it is wrong, but what about Confucius? And the old version has been handed down for thousands of years. Reading its words today is clear and accessible, and its time is easy and simple. What is the basis for judging this paragraph? What is the necessity of that paragraph? What is the necessity of that paragraph? What is missing? How to make up? Then correct and make up. Nothing is more important than reciting Zhu and nothing is lighter than betraying Confucius.
translate
In your letter, you think that the reason why I want to restore the old version of "University" is mainly because I think that people's knowledge can only be explored from the heart, while Cheng and Zhu's views cannot but be explored from the outside. Therefore, I deleted Zhu's practice of re-dividing chapters and his supplementary biography. I dare not do so. Learning, how to divide inside and outside? The old version of "Da Xue" is also an old version handed down by Confucius. Zhu suspected that there was an omission in it and corrected it again. I don't think there are any mistakes in the old version of "University", so they are all based on the old version. I may have a problem with trusting Confucius too much. I have no intention of vetoing Zhu's practice of dividing chapters again and deleting his supplementary biography. Learning is the most expensive gain in your heart. I think it's wrong in my heart. Even what Confucius said, I dare not say is correct, let alone those who can't compare with Confucius. I feel right in my heart, even if it is the remarks of ordinary people, I dare not feel wrong, let alone Confucius. Moreover, the old version has been passed down for thousands of years, and now the words are catchy; As far as time is concerned, it is both simple and feasible. What makes you sure that this paragraph must be there and that paragraph must be here? Is there anything missing here and what needs to be added there? And, correct it immediately and supplement it appropriately. Do you attach too much importance to deviating from Zhu and not to violating Confucius?
[opinion]
Here, Mr. Yangming once again expounded the proposition that "the heart is the reason" and "there is nothing outside the heart". Since "there is nothing outside the heart" and "there is nothing outside the heart", everything is the result of the popularity of the "heart" of heaven and earth, then the human heart is completely self-sufficient and contains all the principles, and it cannot be added from the outside. If you are centrifugal and realistic, it is actually "my inner conscience is not enough", which is greatly miscalculated.
original text
Teach: "If you must learn from the outside, but when you look back, you can't do everything.". Why did you get stuck in something for a while when you first got started? " Right, right, right. If language is important, then the word "cultivation" is enough. Why talk about "righteousness"? The word "sincerity" is enough, so why say "sincerity"? The word "sincerity" is enough. Why talk about "knowledge" and "style"? Because of meticulous work, there is only one thing, and that is "fine one" learning, which is indispensable. There is no inside and outside in the theory of husband, no inside and outside in nature, so there is no inside and outside in learning. There is nothing wrong with lectures and discussions; On the other hand, introspection, nothing left. The husband said that learning must be based on external needs and self-nature, which is also "external meaning" and "using wisdom" Introspection, by contrast, is based on self-nature, self-existence and selfishness. There is no distinction between internal and external sex. Therefore, "the essence is so absorbed that it is used;" Use a place to live and worship morality "; "The virtue of sex is also the way to combine inside and outside." Only in this way can we know the knowledge of things. People who "value things", the real place of "university", are all saints who learn from beginning to end, and this time, it is not only the beginning, but also the beginning. Husband's integrity, sincerity, knowledge and character are all accomplishments. However, the efforts of the person who is good at things can be seen every day. Therefore, those who value things value what is in their hearts, meaning and knowledge. He who is upright in heart is upright in heart. A sincere person is sincere. People who know know know their own business. Is there a difference between inside and outside? Just a haircut. As far as the cohesion of reason is concerned, it means nature, and as far as the master of cohesion is concerned, the feelings of heart, meaning, awareness and awareness. Therefore, as far as things are concerned, it is called case, as far as knowledge is concerned, it is called cause, as far as meaning is concerned, it is called sincerity, and as far as heart is concerned, it is called righteousness. Yes, right here; Sincerity, sincerity; To people, to this also; The latter, this also. This is called doing your best. There is nothing in the world except sex. Confucianism in the world takes reason as the outside and things as the outside, but Mencius covers the theory of not knowing what is outside. Even if you don't know it, are there specious and incomprehensible people? You can't ignore it.
Any deacon who is so skeptical about the statement of things must be called internal rather than external; I have to say that he is good at introspection and gives up his contribution to lectures and discussions; I have to say that one of them was originally intended to be the original protocol of the program, but it was omitted in the details of the branch program; It must be said that it is addicted to the withered and empty prejudice, but not to the changes of physical personnel. If the trial is like this, it is not only guilty of Shengmen, but also guilty of Zhu? Defaming people is heresy, deviant, and chaotic people get it and punish it. Because of the deacon's integrity? If the trial is like this, the world will understand the exegesis and know the right and wrong by hearing the introducer from the sage. What about the deacon's talent? The so-called lattice objects in all things are all contained in Zhu's Nine Articles. However, important and different functions, this is the so-called difference. There is no difference, but it is inseparable from the thousands of miles from here.
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The letter wrote: "If you think that learning doesn't need to be pursued outside your heart at all, you just need to concentrate on introspection. Then, isn't the word "sincere heart" all-encompassing? Why is it confusing to use learning skills from the beginning? " Exactly! Exactly! If the word "self-cultivation" is enough to talk about a master of learning, why do you have to talk about "righteousness"? The word "sincerity" is enough. Why talk about "sincerity"? The word "sincerity" is enough. Why should we talk about "unity of knowledge and action"? It's just a detailed and thorough study time. However, in short, there is only one thing, and that is the knowledge of "Jingyi", which has to be pondered here. There is no internal or external distinction between science and sex, so there is no internal or external distinction between learning. Lectures and discussions have never been in; Come back to introspection and never abandon the outside world. If you think that knowledge must be sought outside your heart, you think that your sex has an external part, which is "external meaning" and "using wisdom". If you think that introspection is sought outside your heart, you think that your sex has an internal part, which is "self" and "selfishness". Neither of these views understands that there is no internal or external difference between the sexes. Therefore, "the essence is so absorbed that it is used;" Use a place to live and worship morality "; "The virtue of sex is also the way to combine inside and outside." From here, we can know Wu Ge's proposition. "Wu Ge" is the practical starting point of "University". Only this time, I have to submit to the end, from beginners to saints, not just the beginning. Being sincere and being a governor is all about self-cultivation and self-cultivation. Wu Ge, let people see Kung Fu every day. Therefore, Wu Ge is the thing in Ziggy's heart, the thing in Ziggy's heart and the thing in Ziggy's knowledge. Justice is the right heart. Sincerity means sincerity. To know is to know things. How can there be a difference between inside and outside? There is only one reason. As far as rational cohesion is concerned, it is called sex; As far as the dominant position of cohesion is concerned, it is called heart; As far as the beginning of dominance is concerned, it is called meaning; As far as the beginning of consciousness is concerned, it is called knowledge; As far as the induction of consciousness is concerned, it is called the object. Therefore, the thing refers to the case, and knowing the cause means sincerity and the heart means righteousness. Positive is that this thing is positive; Honesty is an honest thing; Yes, it is for this thing; Lattice, that is, this thing of lattice, is the exhaustion of so-called justice. In the world, there is no such thing as sex, and there is no such thing as sex. The theory of sage is not bright, mainly because the Confucian scholars in the world advocate that reason is outside, things are outside, and righteousness is outside. Mencius once refuted it, so that he unconsciously repeated the same mistakes. Isn't there something here that seems hard to explain? This needs observation.
The reason why you doubt my view of things is because you think it is internal rather than external; It is considered that it only affirms introspection and excludes the efforts of lectures and discussions; It is decided that it only pays attention to the simple origin of the program and ignores the detailed details; I believe that I am deeply immersed in the emptiness, and I can't exhaust the changes of physical personnel. If so, where are the sinners of Shengpai and Zhu? This is to deceive the people with heresy, this is a departure from the classics, and everyone can punish and destroy him. What's more, an honest man like you If this is the case, people who know a little about exegetics in the world can understand that what sages say is wrong, let alone a wise man like you. What I said includes all of Zhu's so-called nine articles. However, my personality has a center whose function is different from Zhu's. That's what people say. Slightly different. But here, a small mistake can make a thousand miles of mistakes, so it must be identified.
[opinion]
Wholehearted is the realm pursued by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. Have a heart, can be empty; If you are empty, you can accept things; Essence can do everything. Open-minded and elegant manners are "cultivation", "integrity", "sincerity" and "personality". A skilled person can know things; Only those who are proficient in Tao can fully understand things. For those who are good at one thing, the old four is "thousands of calculations"; Those who are proficient in Tao are just "good at calculation."
original text
Mencius advocated yang and ink, but he had no father and no gentleman. The second son was also a saint at that time, so that he was born at the same time as Mencius. It is not unreasonable to be unwise. Mozi loves everything, and different people have different opinions. Andy stood up for me. That is to say, is it even enough to dazzle the world? And the disadvantages of its flow, Mencius compared to animals, barbarians, the so-called academic killing the world. What are the disadvantages of studying in this world? What about those who call it learning righteousness? What about those who say that learning is heartless? I don't know what floods and beasts are. Meng Ziyun: "Is it easy to tell? It is a last resort. " Yang Mo's way is all over the world. At the time of Mencius, the world respected Yang and Mo as much as today's worship of Zhu's theory. Mencius is one of them. Hey. What a pity! Han Shi Yun: "Buddhism and old age are more harmful than Yang Mo. Han Yu is not as clever as Mencius. Mencius can't save before the bad, but Han Yu should save after the bad. It doesn't measure its strength. If you see it in danger, you can't save it and die. "
Oh! If someone doesn't measure his strength, if he sees the danger of his body, he will die if he can't save it! The husband is in the middle of the crowd, but still crying; The world is moving easily, but frowning alone is worrying. This is not a terminally ill madness. It is almost certain that there will be great suffering hidden in it, which is not the benevolence of the world, and who can observe it. One is "Zhu's year-end conclusion", and Gai has no choice. In the middle of the year, I didn't pass the exam at all. Although it is not necessarily old, it is mostly old. However, the main idea is to compromise mediation and focus on understanding this research. I was born in Zhu Xi's theory, like a turtle. Once I run counter to it, I have no patience and have to do it. "What I know makes me worry, and what I don't know makes me want." It's true who can't bear to cover Zhu's heart. If you resist, the Tao will be solid. If it is not straight, the Tao will disappear. The so-called decision of the deacon is different from Zhu's. How dare I deceive myself? The way of husband, the meaning of the world; Learning is a public school in the world. Non-Zhu can get it privately, and non-Confucius can also get it privately. The public in the world is also a public statement. Therefore, although it is different from yourself, it is beneficial to yourself; What you said is not true, although it is the same as yourself, it is harmful to yourself. People who are good for themselves will be satisfied with them; People who hurt themselves will be hated by themselves. But today's theory, though different from Zhu Xi's, is not necessarily not what he likes. "The gentleman's fault, such as food. What's more, everyone is very admired. " And "even villains have to write." Although some people are corrupt, they dare not do things with the heart of a villain.
translate
Mencius severely accused Yang Zhu and Mozi of "no father, no gentleman". In fact, Yang and Mo were wise men at that time. If they are contemporary with Mencius, they may not be called sages. Mozi advocated "universal love" and was too benevolent; Yang Zhu advocates "for me", which is too helpful. Their theory is not to confuse the world by destroying heaven and chaos, but its drawback is that Mencius is an animal and uses academics to kill the descendants of the world. There are too many academic problems in the world now, right? Can you say that learning righteousness is too much? Or is it too much to be heartless I wonder what will happen to them if compared with natural disasters. Mencius said, "Giving or not giving, is it easy to divide? It is a last resort. " In the era of Mencius, Yang Mo's theory flooded the world, and everyone respected it, no less than today's people respected Zhu's point of view. Mencius was the only one who argued with them at that time. Oh, how sad! Han Yu said: "Buddha's old age is more harmful than Yang and Mo. Han Yu is not as clever as Mencius. Mencius can't save before the bad, but Han Yu should save after the bad. He doesn't measure his strength, sees his danger, and can't save himself by dying. "
Hey! If I were you, I'd have more than I can chew. I am really aware of the danger I face, and I can't save this situation until I die. Just as everyone was rejoicing, I cried and sighed; Just like everyone in the world is in cahoots, I am worried and sad alone. In this case, unless I am insane and irrational, there must be great pain hidden in my heart. If this situation is not the most merciful person in the world, who can observe it? I wrote The Final Conclusion of Zhu's Later Years because I had to. Among them, the date of writing is really impossible to verify, although it is not necessarily from old age, but most of them are written in old age. My original intention is to mediate the dispute between Zhu and Lu, and it is important to explain the sacred learning. I have worshipped Zhu's theory all my life, and once I run counter to it, it really hurts me. Therefore, I have no choice but to let Zhu make the final judgment in his later years. "What I know makes me worry, and what I don't know makes me want." I can't bear to refute Zhu's theory. This is my real intention! In desperation, it conflicts with it, because Tao does. If you don't make any noise, Tao can't appear! You think I am determined to be different from Zhu. How dare I deceive myself? Tao is the justice of the world; Learning, originally a public knowledge in the world, is not privately owned by Zhu or Confucius. We must treat public affairs in the world fairly. Therefore, for the correct speech, even if it is different from your own, it is beneficial to yourself; For the wrong speech, even if it is the same as your own, it will also cause harm to yourself. If it is good for you, you will definitely like it; People who are harmful to themselves will certainly hate it. Then, even if what I said today is different from Zhu's, it may not be what he likes. "The gentleman's fault, such as food. What's more, everyone admires it. However, "when a villain makes a mistake, he must write it." "Although I have no ambition, I am an unscrupulous person, but how dare I treat Zhu like this? What a little man!
[opinion]
A sage's heart of benevolence and righteousness is like water in a big plate. If it stands still, turbid things will precipitate, while clear things will float on it, so that people's eyebrows can be seen and people's faces can be observed. If the breeze blows, turbid things will float on the water again, and clear things will be mixed in it, thus blurring their own ontology.
original text
Deacon so taught, repeated hundreds of words, did not realize my personality. Make it clear, then these hundreds of words can be freed without dragging their feet, so I dare not go on, in order to nourish trivial blasphemy. However, it cannot be said that it is not face-to-face analysis. Ha ha! Deacon so enlighten us, can be described as sincere and thorough. People love me more than being a deacon? Although the servant is stupid, I would rather not know my feelings and admiration. However, I dare not give up its central sincerity. However, people in Ting Yun dare not betray their loved ones, and they want to repay them. If you return to the East in autumn, you must seek one side and be taught by pawn.
translate
Your inculcation, repeated hundreds of words, is because you don't understand my idea of style. If you understand my point of view, then everything you say can be without controversy or doubt. So I dare not go into details, so as not to be cumbersome. However, if I don't state my point of view in person, it's hard to make it clear with paper and pencil at once. Hey! Your enlightenment to me can be said to be sincere and thorough. Who loves me like you? I am so stupid, how can I not appreciate you and admire you? However, I dare not resolutely give up my true thoughts to listen to your teachings, just because I dare not live up to your profoundness and I want to repay you. When I return to China in the autumn, I will definitely visit you to satisfy my desire for face-to-face advice. I hope everyone can give me advice.
[opinion]
This passage is the students' admiration for Mr. Wang and the summary of the whole letter.