1, the attribute of a word, is called "part of speech" for short. All words are divided into content words and function words according to grammatical functions. Content words, as the name implies, are meaningful words, which can be used as sentence components independently, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers and pronouns. Function words are words with no practical meaning, including adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words and interjections. In ancient Chinese grammar, there are sometimes cases of flexible use of parts of speech, such as "nouns as verbs and nouns as adverbials". To master this knowledge, we must analyze it from the perspective of grammar.
2. Special sentence patterns. In modern Chinese sentences, the word order is mostly subject first, predicate and object last. In ancient Chinese, sometimes the predicate is placed in front of the subject, and sometimes the object is placed in front of the predicate, forming an inverted sentence. In addition, the judgmental and passive sentences in ancient Chinese are also different from those in modern Chinese. Elliptic sentences abound in ancient Chinese, which brings difficulties to learning ancient Chinese.