First, we should pay attention to the choice of quotations and example sentences.
The so-called selection means that the quoted proverbs, proverbs, allusions and examples can properly explain and reveal the basic principles and viewpoints of philosophy in textbooks, which is enlightening and educational.
To do this, teachers are required not only to accurately grasp the connotation and extension of the basic principles of textbooks, but also to keep the connotation and extension of quoted proverbs, allusions and example sentences consistent with the textbooks. Otherwise, it is difficult to achieve the expected purpose.
A young teacher quoted the proverb "save money to avoid disaster" to explain the truth when he expounded that "the two sides of contradiction are transformed in opposite directions under certain conditions". He gave an example: Zhang met a gangster on the bus and was robbed of 2000 yuan with him. He holds the creed of "disaster relief fund" and does not fight with gangsters. He thinks that although he lost money, his body was not damaged. The gangster gave him a "kiss" when he got off the bus. Li was robbed on the road. He was seriously injured because of fighting with gangsters. Not only was all his money robbed, but he was hospitalized for a month. It's really a loss to make money.
This is a negative example of the mutual transformation between the two sides of the contradiction according to certain conditions. It can be seen that young teachers only pay attention to the connotation of the basic principles, but ignore the grasp of the extension of the basic principles. More seriously, it is not conducive to educating students to carry forward healthy trends and bravely fight against the bad guys. Therefore, when quoting proverbs and examples, we must be selective and pay attention to their seriousness, scientificity and educational significance.
Second, quotations from proverbs and allusions should be easy to understand.
The so-called easy to understand means that the quoted proverbs, proverbs, allusions and examples should be suitable for the students' level, and the truth contained is obvious, so that students can understand and master them without the teacher's much talk.
Making quotations easy to understand is not only conducive to fully mobilizing students' learning enthusiasm, stimulating their interest in collecting and understanding proverbs, proverbs, allusions and examples, but also reducing students' learning pressure and burden, so that students can complete their learning tasks in a relaxed and happy atmosphere. If the quoted proverbs and allusions are too difficult, too sparse and uncommon, and teachers need to spend a lot of time and energy to explain them, and students are difficult to understand, then students will feel bored and bored in the learning process, and their enthusiasm and initiative will be frustrated. Practice has proved that teachers should try to quote proverbs, proverbs, allusions and examples that students are familiar with, close to life and easy to understand. Such as "water drops pierce the stone", "a key opens a lock", "nothing ventured, nothing gained" and so on. These proverbs and allusions are familiar to students and easy to understand. The reason is simple and the content is short and pithy. If used properly, it will get twice the result with half the effort.
Third, citation should prevent a presumptuous guest from usurping the host's role.
Quoting proverbs, proverbs, allusions and examples in teaching aims to help students deepen their understanding and mastery of the basic viewpoints and principles of teaching materials. If it is not handled properly, it will take a lot of time and energy to explain the quoted content and plot. Although on the surface, the teacher made it clear and the students listened with relish, this method of usurping the role of the host will inevitably interfere with and dilute the normal teaching activities.
A teacher quoted the allusion "Meng Mu chooses its neighbors" when explaining the basic viewpoint that "external factors are indispensable conditions for the development of things". This allusion can not only better explain the important role of external factors in the development of things, but also cultivate students' dialectical thinking ability, so that students can make it clear that external factors can only work through internal factors and understand the importance of external factors in the development of things. However, the teacher spent more than 10 minutes talking about Meng Mu's three neighbor choices, without incisive analysis and comments on the reasons why Meng Mu chose neighbors based on the basic viewpoints of textbooks. Therefore, the basic teaching purpose of illustrating views with examples has not been achieved. Moreover, the above viewpoint is only a key point of the basic principle of "the role of contradiction in the development of things", and it cannot guarantee the timely and comprehensive completion of the teaching task of this course.
When quoting proverbs, proverbs, allusions and examples in teaching, we should be precise, precise and critical, and avoid paying attention to one thing and losing the other, regardless of primary and secondary, covering all aspects.