In the long river of history, there are many schools of ancient books restoration. By the time of the Republic of China, there were the following factions. Shanghai School, Su School, Yang School, Beijing School, Shu School, Hui School, Lingnan School, Shandong School and Tianjin School.
It appeared in the Song Dynasty because books and ancient paintings were not separated before, but in the Song Dynasty, with the development of printing, the restoration of ancient books flourished and gradually developed independently. Become a separate skill. Thirdly, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, archaeological excavations found many traces of modification and repair on silk books. Some scholars believe that this is the bud of the restoration of ancient books. Fourthly, it is believed that in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, many tortoise-shell animal bones with 1, 2, 3 and other descriptive symbols appeared due to archaeological excavations. In the academic circle of album research at that time, the symbols on tortoise shells should be represented by strings and leather as page labels. Tandem will form an early album. When the picture album appeared, it was the time to restore the ancient books.
The restoration process of ancient books varies with the times and schools. It can be roughly divided into the following categories.
1. Received the repaired book: This process is the most important link in the repair. Generally, the restoration master should check the degree of damage and treasure of the ancient books sent. Discuss the price, maintenance requirements and maintenance time with the bookseller. Because the restoration of ancient books needs to put the treasured books in the hands of the restoration masters for a long time, the general restoration masters only repair them for acquaintances or friends introduced by acquaintances. From ancient times to the present, the oral agreement between the restoration master and the holder of ancient books is the main one, and there is no voucher bill. Therefore, it is the most important link to receive ancient books, discuss with customers and understand the requirements, mood, mood and taste of customers' restoration.
2. Record of books and materials: Before 1970, all repairs were to copy down the text of each page so as to check and check the pages when repairing. In 2000, Jinpai introduced photographic technology into restoration and preserved ancient books as image data. It is more scientific than in the past, but due to the copyright problem of ancient books, after Master Zhu Ying stopped the restoration, the storage of image data was cancelled during the restoration. Only some restoration masters who work in museums continue to use image preservation in the restoration of ancient books.
3. Draw up repair methods: All kinds of damages and stains of ancient books are called book diseases by repair artists. Ancient book artists treat books as children, and repairing books is like seeing a doctor. The restoration of ancient books is also expected. Look: It refers to the inspection of the existing conditions of damaged, soiled, paper, silk and other materials. Smell: It refers to judging the degree of alum and mildew of paper by smell. Q: It refers to asking about the origin of books. If the current holder lives in the south for a long time, bletilla striata is chosen as the paste, and if he lives in the north for a long time, batter is chosen as the paste. The different living areas of customers also determine the maintenance methods and materials. Moreover, it is very important to ask the bookbinder about the year, edition and printing area of the book, because the restorer is not good at dating ancient books, so he needs to ask the bookbinder for details. Even for the repair is decisive. Cut: refers to the restoration master touching and checking the saved books and materials. Whether the thickness of the paper has been repaired.