Content essence
The work "Flowers in the Morning" describes the author's childhood life and the course of studying in his youth, recalls those unforgettable people and events, and expresses his nostalgia for his former relatives and teachers. In the narrative and discussion, the work attacked and mocked the reactionary conservative forces. The first work, the dog? Cat? Rats are triggered by attacking "gentlemen", mocking the "gossip" they spread, and expressing their hatred for cats' characteristics of "torturing the weak", "barking everywhere" and sometimes "coquetry". Recall the experience and feeling that a lovely hidden mouse saved as a child was destroyed. It shows sympathy for the weak and hatred for the oppressor.
"A Chang and Shan Hai Jing" recalls the scene of getting along with the nanny Dragon Mother when I was a child, and describes the dragon mother's kind, simple, superstitious and nagging character. "Full stomach is a troublesome etiquette"; I am full of respect and gratitude to her for finding and giving her a long-awaited painting "Shan Hai Jing". The article expresses the sincere memory of this working woman in affectionate language.
Starting with the children's books at that time, Twenty-four Filial Paintings recalls the feelings of reading Twenty-four Filial Paintings when I was a child, and reveals the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety. The stories of filial piety, such as "Seeking carp on the ice", "Old Lai entertaining relatives" and "Guo Ju burying children", are emphatically analyzed, accusing this feudal filial piety of ignoring children's lives, taking nausea as pleasure, "taking unkindness as a training, slandering ancient evils and teaching future generations ill". The work sharply criticized the tendency of opposing vernacular Chinese and advocating retro at that time.
Wu Canghui describes the eagerness and excitement when I was a child, and the feeling of disappointment and pain when my father forced me to recite Jian lue. It pointed out that compulsory feudal education suppressed and destroyed children's nature.
Impermanence describes the image of impermanence seen in the countryside and drama stage when I was a child, which shows that the straightforward and fair image of impermanence is loved by the people because there is no justice in the world, the wicked can't get what they deserve, and "fair trial is in the underworld". In the discussion, under the banner of "justice" and "justice", the article made a bitter mockery of "gentleman".
From Baicaoyuan to Sanyan Yinyue, I described the fun in Baicaoyuan's home and the boring life of studying in Sanyan Yinyue when I was a child, revealed the sharp contradiction between children's extensive interest in life and feudal bookstore education that bound children's nature, and expressed the reasonable requirements for children's healthy and lively growth.
"Father's Disease" recalls the scene of delaying treatment for his father as a child, describes the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors", and reveals their ignorance of witchcraft and medicine, mystifying, extortion and disregard for the essence of human life.
The above seven works describe the fragments of Lu Xun's childhood life in his hometown, showing the human feelings and social features at that time, and are valuable chapters for understanding young Lu Xun. The following three works, Xiaozi Notes, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong, describe Lu Xun's experience after leaving his hometown to study in Nanjing and Japan, leaving a heavy footprint on young Lu Xun's pursuit of truth.
Miscellaneous Notes tells how Lu Xun went to Nanjing to study and look for "another kind of person". The work describes the disadvantages and difficulties of studying in Jiangnan Naval Academy (later renamed Thunder Academy) and Mining Railway Academy at that time, and criticizes the "cigar smoke" of Westernization Academy. The author described his excitement when he first came into contact with the theory of evolution. He read the theory of evolution hungrily despite the opposition of the older generation and showed a strong desire to explore the truth.
"Mr Fujino" records the author's study life while studying in Japan, and describes the process of being discriminated against and insulted by Japanese students in Sendai Medical College and deciding to abandon medicine and join literature. The author highlights the rigor, integrity, enthusiasm and noble character of Mr. Fujino, a Japanese teacher, saying that "his character is great in my eyes and heart, although his name is not known to many people". Expressed deep affection for Mr. Fujino.
Fan Ainong traces the author's contact with Fan Ainong during his stay in Japan and after his return to China. It describes Fan Ainong's dissatisfaction with the dark society before the revolution and his pursuit of the revolution, as well as his persecution after the Revolution of 1911. It shows his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.
Time background
Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening are a collection of reminiscence essays written by Lu Xun in 1926 and *** 10. When it was first published in Mangyuan magazine, the total title was Resurrection of the Past, and 1927 was compiled into a collection cost, which was changed to its current name. When Lu Xun wrote these works, he was severely oppressed by the authorities of the Northern Warlords and various hostile forces. 1925 was attacked and slandered by "gentlemen" for supporting the student movement. 1March, 926 18, Beiyang warlord government shot and killed progressive students. Lu Xun was wanted by the reactionary government and had to teach at Xiamen University. Later, he was excluded by conservative forces. Under such circumstances, Mr. Lu Xun once said: "At this time, I don't want to think about the present; So the memory in my heart was excavated. " Of this 10 work, the first five were written in Beijing and the last five in Xiamen. Although they are reminiscence articles, they all reflect the traces of social struggle at that time.
The author's life
Lu Xun (1881-1936) is a writer, thinker and revolutionary. Formerly known as Zhou Zhangshou, the word Yucai, later renamed Shu Ren, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Born in a broken scholar-bureaucrat family. Lu Xun was his pen name when he 19 18 published Diary of a Madman. Lu Xun 1898 went to Nanjing to study abroad, and 1902 went to Japan to study medicine. Later, he felt that it was more important to cure the numb national spirit than to cure the physical diseases, so he turned to advocate the literary movement. 1909, after returning to China, he taught in middle schools, Hangzhou and Shaoxing. 19 12 went to Beijing, worked in the Ministry of Education, and served as a lecturer in Peking University and Beijing Women's Normal University. 19 18 participated in the editing of New Youth and published the first vernacular novel Diary of a Madman in New Youth. Later, he published Kong Yiji, Medicine, The True Story of Ah Q and other famous novels, wrote a lot of essays and essays, criticized old ideas and old morality, and became a member of the New Culture Movement. 1923, the first novel collection "Scream" was published, which became the foundation stone of China's new literature. From August 65438 to August 0926, he was a professor at Xiamen University and Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou. 1927 10 settled in Shanghai, engaged in literary writing, participated in the organization of the Chinese left-wing writers' union, became the actual leader and banner of the left-wing cultural movement in China, and became a great man of the cultural revolution in China in the struggle against the cultural "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang. Before his death, he published three novels, two essays, fifteen essays, a newsletter and two works on literary history. Lu Xun also made outstanding achievements in translating foreign literature and sorting out ancient books in China.
Classic fragment
Every time I see primary school students looking at a rough children's world with joy and thinking of the exquisite books used by children in other countries, I naturally feel sorry for the children in China. But when I recall my childhood with my classmates, I can't help but think that he is happy and pay a sad condolence to our eternal youth. What are we going to see then? As long as there is a little picture in the book, it will be banned, reprimanded and even slapped by the then "predecessor" teacher. My little classmate died because he was bored reading "Nature is good at the beginning of life", so he had to secretly open the first page and look at the devil-like kuixing with the words "satellite shining high" to satisfy his naive nature of loving beauty. I saw this yesterday and this today, but their eyes are still shining with the light of awakening and joy.
Outside the bookstore, the ban can be relatively lenient, but this is your own business, and everyone is probably different. I can read it in public with dignity. This is "Wen Chang Di Yin Jun Twain's Theory" and "Li Yuchao's Biography", both of which are painted with stories of punishing evil and promoting good. Lei Gong Dian Mu stood in the clouds, his head and horse face were covered with the ground. Not only is it against the dogma to "jump up", but even if he doesn't say a word, he will suffer considerable retribution. This newspaper is not a "bitter complaint", because that place is where ghosts and gods are king, "justice" is slaughtered, and wine is invited to kneel down, all in vain, which is simply unimaginable. Between heaven and earth in China, it is difficult not only to be a human being, but also to be a ghost. However, there is a better place than the dead: no "gentlemen" and no "gossip".
-"Twenty-four Filial Pieties"
Humorous words
◆ Sometimes I often think: His earnest hope and tireless teaching to me are all for China, that is, I hope that China will have new medicine; Generally speaking, it is for academic purposes, that is, I hope that new medicine will spread to China. His personality is great in my eyes and heart, although his name is not known to many people.
-"Mr. Fujino"
◆ People can stand upright, which is naturally a great progress; Being able to speak is naturally a big step forward; Being able to write a composition is naturally a big step forward. However, it also degenerated, because at that time, empty talk began.
-Dogs, cats and mice
Reading teaching
The works in Morning Flowers and Evening Picks are all reminiscences, but they are not monotonous records of the past, but beautiful prose treasures written with skillful literary techniques. The author captures those unforgettable life fragments, describes them vividly, and chooses individual plots and details to describe the characters, which makes the works full of rich life flavor and vivid and impressive characters. In particular, the author is good at describing the appearance and mentality of characters, and writes them vividly. For example, in A Chang and Shan Hai Jing, it is written that on New Year's Eve, the dragon mother taught Lu Xun how to eat oranges, how to say the word "auspicious", and waited for Lu Xun's "congratulations" in the early morning of the New Year's Day, vividly showing the desire and surprise of this rural woman for happiness and blessing. From the Herbal Garden to the San Tan Yin Yue, the old gentleman "always smiles, looks up and bends down" when reading aloud. Several strokes vividly show the old gentleman's fascination with God. Another example is "Fan Ainong". After learning that his teacher was killed, Fan Ainong refused to listen to public opinion and opposed the details of sending a protest letter, and vividly portrayed his extremely indignant mood and stubborn Geng Jie character. The rich flavor of life and vivid characters make "Morning Flowers Picking Up in the Evening" have high artistic appreciation value.
In terms of writing techniques, these works combine narrative, description, lyricism and discussion organically and are poetic. For example, the scenery of the Herbal Garden is vividly described: green vegetable fields, smooth stone well fences, tall acacia trees, purple mulberry trees, cicadas singing among leaves, larks flying into the sky from the grass, oil flies singing, crickets playing the piano, and cantharides spitting smoke from behind their mouths ... This constitutes an interesting landscape painting. The author combines the memory of the past with the discussion of the disadvantages of the times naturally and appropriately, seamlessly. Ironic language, vivid metaphor, satire, satire, sharp and interesting, thought-provoking. In narration and discussion, related fairy tales, legends and allusions are often inserted, such as dogs? Cat? The enemy story of dogs and cats in the German fairy tale Rat, the legend of Catwoman in Japan, and the legend of beautiful snake in From Baicaoyuan to Santan Reflecting the Moon all add interest to reading. The language of the work is fresh, simple, cordial and touching, and it is a model of modern reminiscence prose.