Appreciation of the original text of "Ancient Military Prose·Ming Dynasty Military Art·New Book of Jixiao"
[Original text] (Excerpt)
Volume 8
Drilling the flags and drums of the camp
(After the orders are learned, the punishments and rewards are clear, so they are listed in the field and taught how to advance and retreat while sitting, which is the system of the camp and put into use. Therefore, it is The training chapter is the eighth. )
Distribution. After the shouting ceremony was completed, the fang flag was unfurled, and the military officer reported: "Raise the flag!" After the report was completed, a cannon was fired, and the drum was beaten to raise the flag. When the crowd's voice was about to settle down, he reported again: "Fire the silent cannon!" After the report, three cannons were fired, and the three armies were silent. Anyone who dares to make noise will be subject to military law. He also said: "Blow the trumpet and flute!" The official flags were gathered to listen to the distribution. When the official flags arrived and were set up, the gold stopped. The central officer called for the official flag to come up, and both sides responded in unison. Be humble but respect yourself. Starting from the hem of the captain, the line must be straight and even. The official flags knelt down in turn, and the officer in charge of the center issued the cards and loudly distributed the words: "Official flags listen: ears listen to the golden drum, eyes see the flags, steps forward and retreat leisurely, hands accustomed to stabbing, all people are united, but the general's orders are listened to." Those who violate military discipline will not be spared!" Every sentence was echoed by the crowd. After the distribution is completed, if there are any other sermons, everyone should listen quietly to the master's personal instructions one by one, and remember to distribute them in order. Stand up with dignity and humility, and arrange them as before. The commander of the Central Military Commission ordered Fu, and everyone in the place under the officer's banner responded. Listening to the big blows, the official flags were scattered back to the place where the letter came from. Listen to the whistle blowing by each chief, and the sentry officer and the sentry captain all listen to the command issued by the commander on the stage, but the first sentence is: "I have given orders from the stage, and if there is an order from the stage, I will give it in one word." Still following the rules on the stage. , Big blows and scattered replies. The captains of the additional sentries each went to their respective sentry officers to make further announcements, but the first sentence said: "This is the end of the order from this sentry." The soldiers listened to the captain Fu's words. After about a moment, they took the battalion trumpet and listened quietly to the camp.
The Chinese army asked Jun to set up camp. After the report was completed, the Chinese army immediately allocated the place to inspect the personnel. There were two sentry posts and ten soldiers per post, and the words "a certain sentry patrol" were clearly written on the flags. They all went to the stage to report where they were going. The blue flag is handed out by the trumpeter. Anyone who shouts inconsistently, marches in disorder, makes noises and disobeys orders, or shrinks from battle will be punished. After the distribution is completed, each battle supervising flag board has one side, and the five-sided pay officer hangs the flag to hold the flag, saying: "The flag holding flag is below!" The supervising battle flag board is mounted on the horse, and each inspection flag follows, and each returns to the camp post along the distribution road. When the central army blows 山山山山山山山山山, and every one of them blows the trumpet, the alarm will be sounded, and the second wave will sound the alarm. Blow again, the Chinese army placed the golden drum flag. The person holding the flag will take the original two rows of flags and place them in five directions, with one set on the general's stand and the second set on both sides. The officers and soldiers listened to drums in front of the stage. If the road is wide, then the two sentinels and the four teams are parallel; if the road is narrow, then each sentry team will march to the front according to the mandarin duck formation according to the diagram, and they will stand still layer by layer, and the golden drum will stop.
The following ends with Daying sentence, ***eight articles, ***eight pictures. This is always used against the enemy in battle for actual effect, not just for viewing. After several years of fighting, all orders and troops were in compliance with the instructions. It is not easier, so every battle will be complete and our soldiers will not be harmed. Even if the enemy is trapped and attacked, although they try their best to throw swords and stones at the enemy, our soldiers will not be injured. You have to observe it in front of the formation to get the wonderful benefits. Those who are willing to borrow the qi or join the ranks to try it in person during the field exercises also know that the benefits cannot be expressed in words or writings. Today, the first picture will be released and the order will be followed.
As soon as the drums and flags were waved, the front camp's main soldiers took the right path to lead the thieves, the left camp took the left path to get out of the thieves' left, and the right camp took the right path to lead the thieves. On the right, they all follow the big mandarin duck formation, single team and double row. If there are five battalions, the sentinels will be out on the left and right, taking advantage of the mountainous terrain to take advantage of the camera. If I want to wait for the thieves to come to meet me, I will ambush my troops in front of the first three large soldiers. If I want to rush directly into the thieves, I will ambush the thieves without waiting for them to move. That is, I will enter behind the two large soldiers on the left and right, and then fight with them. The land is no more than half a mile apart. At this time, it is expected that the thieves have met each other, so there is no need to travel secretly. When the front camp soldiers are about a mile away from the thieves, the front camp soldiers blow their trumpets and drums. That is, the big mandarin duck formation is lined up in a straight line, with the front sentry as the first level and the back sentry as the second level. The left sentry is the left wing, the right sentry is the right wing, and the left battalion's extraordinary soldiers are the regular soldiers when they go out from the left to capture the thieves; the rear sentry is the second-level support, the left sentry is the left wing, the right sentry is the right wing, and the right battalion's extraordinary soldiers are also like the front camp soldiers Each floor of the right passage is laid out in a flat shape. If the road is narrow, then the big mandarin duck formation will be set up; if the road is wide, the big mandarin duck formation will be divided into three talents formation. Everything changes at short notice, and this is all based on the situation and the actual situation of facing the enemy. If you focus on field training, half of the ambush troops will be sent out in front of the big soldiers, and half will be behind the big soldiers. You will be used to both. However, if an ambush is in front of the army, it is necessary to send the enemy in advance before the enemy is seen, and it is also possible to ensure that the enemy is coming head-on. However, it is the easiest to subdue this skill, but it is very difficult to subdue it. It requires the best heroes to work together. The thieves must pass by me before they can obey my orders and come out. If they don't succeed, they will be defeated. The most reliable method is to go out with the soldiers and lie down behind them when they encounter a hiding place. Although it is not a big gain, it is not a big loss either. But in this ambush, the defense against the small number of soldiers in front is the first priority, and there is no other use for it. How to attack Fu Xun in this way is unpredictable. Why? There are soldiers marching forward to protect our ears. Among them, the army is within two or three miles behind the main army, and is stationed in the old camp of Xizha. In such a formation, it is necessary to quickly seize the ambush. After finishing their ambush, they waited within a hundred steps of the thieves. The central army fired a cannon and blew a long trumpet. The bird gunman was in front of him to play the cannon. Each long blow of the trumpet was followed by firing one layer at a time until the drum was beaten. For example, if a trumpet blows sharply and continuously, it is necessary to release the blunderbuss at the same time, and there is no need to release it.
He then set off a fire fifty steps away from the thief, and the archers fired arrows, crossbows, and rockets. They blew trumpets and drums like swans, and all the soldiers rushed to the thief's front bravely. They were not allowed to hesitate any longer. How they fought. Don't mess up the mandarin duck formation, just leave and join together. You must keep in mind the formations, cards, spears, and knives that you have learned on weekdays. Use them as if you were fighting angrily on a regular basis. Take your time and kill one level after another. . Kill the Japanese bandits and behead the troops behind. When the former just kill them, when the thieves throw gold and silver, they just fight and don't care anymore. The first level is in full swing, drums are beating, and the drums are beating, and the drums are beating again, and the second level rushes past the front level, and the front level is engaged, and the team is less organized; (beating) the drums, and the drums are beating again, and the first level is fighting. Before the first layer rushes through the second layer, it engages the original second layer and reorganizes the team; the two-wing strange soldiers enter the battle according to the order and form a team. They are the same as the regular soldiers. When the left and right are combined, they pretend to be thieves and run around to build their nests. . The drums were slow and slow, and the troops and trumpets were set up again. The soldiers were about to rush into the nest or mountain forest where the thieves were, and immediately formed a large team of mandarin ducks to surround them. Whenever there is a doorway, a sentry officer should be deployed with thick troops. They should be stationed in a mandarin duck array at the key point of the doorway, in preparation for rushing out and entering with all their strength. Do not move lightly and enter without permission, for fear of being ambushed by thieves or if one person makes a mistake, which is not a small matter. The thieves are all here to fight to the death with their sharp edge, but it is their merit to keep their position; where it is not the entrance, the soldiers of each camp and sentry are assigned to the territory, and upon hearing the plan, they will make surprise moves and climb into the enemy's battle, but they are responsible for winning. That’s all. After the victory, there was no police in the stronghold, and the soldiers were still besieged and attacked. I heard that the Chinese army sent personal soldiers to search the area and report that it was safe. Listening to the sound of crashing cymbals, each harvest team is underfoot, and then listening to the crashing of cymbals, each whistle is a gathering, and each battalion is a large gathering, all following the five directions under their respective major banners. Everyone still follows the original rules of the battle formation, divided into the left and right wings of the front and rear layers. After hearing the sound of gold, each team in the front layer exits and retreats behind the rear layer. They shout gold twice in succession and stand together with a shout; listen to the sound of gold again. , after another layer of soldiers who were not retreating retreated, they rang the gold twice and shouted in unison to stand still. In this way, the team retreated to the main camp of the Chinese army according to the gold, fired three cannons, shouted three times, sounded the gold and played the victory drum, and each soldier looked at the flag head in turn and retracted it to form four large stacks. This is the saying of the five battalions going out; if only four If there are only three camps, use the first battalion as the main camp, the second battalion as the left and right battalions, and half of the fourth battalion as the ambush camp. , half will be the old camp; if the troops stop two battalions, half of the first battalion will be regular soldiers, and half will be divided into left and right battalions; half of the first battalion will be ambush soldiers, and half will be old battalions; if the troops stop one battalion, then they will be divided into sentries; although it is A person can also practice as shown and prepare for battle as shown. How can someone who carves a boat and begs for a sword say this enough!
There is no single method for siege. If the thieves are defeated, we have fewer thieves, and the area or the forest is narrower, then we can surround them on all sides, and no one will be able to return. The area is wide and our troops are not divided enough to defend, and there will be no way to escape. On the other hand, we should divide our troops to surround and ambush them on the way to escape, which is ten miles away.
After the sound of the gong has stopped, the gongs have been honked and the sound of the gong has stopped, and the sound of the gong has stopped. Hou Tang reported that there were thieves by waving a yellow flag, and all the soldiers stood up after listening to the whistle. They lit the flags of the rear camp first but not the drums. The soldiers of the rear camp were divided into two branches and set up an ambush according to the previous layout. The next time the drums were waved and the flags were raised, the soldiers in the camp were the main soldiers, the left camp was the left wing, and the right camp was the right wing. The Chinese army was stationed behind the old camp of Xizha, and stood according to the plan laid out last time. Listen to the trumpets of the team and form a big mandarin duck formation. Jin stopped honking the trumpet, and then listened to the sound of the single pendulum trumpet, forming a three-talent array. The golden trumpet stopped, the musket hand fired according to the order of the front formation, the Chinese army beat the drum and blew the trumpet of the swan, and shouted, the soldiers rushed to pursue the battle, the second layer followed, the drum was less slow, and the drum was beaten urgently, the third The second layer flew out and rushed to the front layer before rushing to the front layer. The commander organized his team, and the right battalion and other soldiers took orders from the front formation to fight as one. At the beginning of the battle on the second floor, the ambush soldiers in front gathered together to get out the thieves. When the soldiers on the left and right joined forces to win, the battle stopped at the sound of gold. With the sound of crashing cymbals, everyone settled in the place where they had established their trust. At this time, the troops ambushing the troops behind and on the left and right should remain ambush and are not allowed to move. Hearing the golden sound three times to retreat, the retreat method was followed according to the front formation diagram and the order was given to retreat to the front of the Chinese army. The big flag of the formation was patrolling, and the flag was waved sharply. The Chinese army fired a musket. The ambushes on the left and right behind the formation originally planned to use the muskets with the main soldiers of the Chinese army to shoot all the muskets. Drums were beaten, swan trumpets were blown, and the ambush soldiers shouted in unison. The ambush soldiers on the left and right advanced rapidly, and the central army retreated. Waiting for all the soldiers to turn around, they rush in front of him and fight with the thief in a melee to win. Then the cymbals were thrown and the troops were gathered together. The cymbals were thrown again, and the flags of each group were withdrawn. The first one is a long one-character formation, which is slightly sparser and wider than the first one-character formation. The two battalions on the left and right were a hundred steps apart, blaring gold and playing loudly. Each battalion took back the flags and still formed a one-character formation. They stood still and the gold stopped. The Chinese Army reported: "Confront the Dafang Camp!" After the report was completed, the plan number of the Dafang Camp was followed.
A picture of sending troops out and a picture of withdrawing troops and retreating. (Photo of the previous picture of the first appearance with a long one character) is the same as the previous picture of the battle and retreat. We will not repeat it. We should follow the method of the previous picture. The terrain with mountains, rivers and forests to the south of Yunfu is the narrowest, so only the first two formations can be used, and it is not suitable to do so because of the terrain. Why? It is obvious that those who are good at using troops will change their methods according to the enemy's situation. But those who don't know how to practice well will not have certain habits because of the transformation of military situation. Those who are good at using form will not have a certain formation due to the terrain. The situation is that the troops are long and urgent, and the enemy's strength is unpredictable. If there is an unexpected situation outside of this position, and there is an occasional emergency, isn't it possible to wait for the order from the Chinese army? If there is a sudden change before the order is implemented, then The commander of the front camp immediately ordered the troops to prepare for war. The left camp and the right camp each listen to the general command of the current commander, which is like the command of the central army, and the ambushes of the rear camp will be behind and to the left and right of the forward post. When encountering a mountain canal, a house in a forest, or a winding street where you can hide, you can lay down your flags, collect them, and act as an ambush to prepare for the outpost's return in case of retreat.
As soon as he has chased me and ambushed me, I heard the sound of cannons from the old camp behind me. Even if I launch my arrows and intercept the thieves or after they have escaped, this will be regarded as merit, and there is no need to set up an ambush if it is not possible. Zha Lao's camp coordinates the troops, just like the outposts coming in when thieves are fighting. Once the thieves have passed the ambush, even if they rush out, the soldiers in the rear camp will seize the danger too far behind and set up camp walls to block and control the third camp. Get together with the soldiers to cook and stand guard.
A way to defeat the chasing thief and prevent an ambush. The Japanese people fight on their own, and are good at finding out who is behind me. Even if they are defeated, they will run around and ambush, and even one or two people will hide when they pass through a gully in Chimu, often falling into his trap. In the battle of Xinyou, there were ten victories in one month, and our troops lost less than six or seven people. The debaters said that it was not the skill of the soldiers but the clumsiness of the thieves. This Japanese was not as good as other Japanese who had an ambush. Little did he know that Jiang had already learned the previous method many times and was familiar with it. Therefore, it is like the victory of Huajie, chasing for forty miles and protecting the victor. If it is not a thief, there is no ambush. I have the method of searching and defending, but ambush is of no use. The method is like the thieves being defeated in a battle. The thieves then run north and our soldiers catch up. Whenever they encounter a house in the woods or at the corner of the stream, measure the bend and size of the house in the woods and leave a team or a sentry to guard them. They will definitely come out. mouth, while his soldiers ran to catch up. Every time you encounter a place, leave one. And if the village is very large, it will be surrounded by traffic. Listen to someone coming in to search and there will be no thieves. Then they went forward to pursue the areas with lush wheat fields and lush grass. They were all in good hiding places. We left a group of soldiers at each sentry post to separate and go down the road. They scattered among the wheat fields and grass to search and shout, while the main soldiers pursued them. Therefore, in every battle, many people were found and captured alive in the wheat fields. This was not an ambush by thieves who avoided me.
One way to do it. Use wooden signs to write "Wheat Field" and "Village House", with the words "Wheat Field" and "Village House" respectively, and listen to one person so that he can insert it in the teaching field. Use the gray painting as a tortuous road to go all the way, beating the drums and fighting. After winning, chasing the thief, take a picture of the front. It is said that according to the map, we will divide the road down and search for defense at the wooden sign. The map is listed below.
One Chinese Army. The battle was a complete victory. We faced An Dafang camp and attacked Phnom Penh. The flags of the five parties came out first and stood up to hold the flags. Those who set up the table and hold the five-square flags precede the central army on all four sides and stand still in several rows. Each of the four-cornered flags is regarded as a four-cornered flag when viewed from the door level. Everyone must listen to the general's estimate of how far each team of mandarin ducks should go. On each side, there are about a number of teams for a number of moves, and they are broken in half and set up as sub-layers. The front camp is the front, the left camp is the left, the right camp is the right, and the rear camp is the back.
Blow the team trumpet. The soldiers illuminated the colors of the flags of all parties and attached themselves to the camp according to their own flags. Each whistle is in a cluster, gathered on both sides of the gate flag, and when the people are determined to listen to the long blast, they open the trumpets individually, spread them out according to the square camp diagram, and stand in full formation according to the mandarin ducks. Those who are in charge of shoveling are used to dig trenches. Those who stand up to resist the horse and those who stand up to resist the horse and lower the tribulus are used as the posture of setting up the tribulus. The gongs sounded, and everyone sat and raised yellow flags. Beat the drums and send out soldiers to collect firewood. Drum three links, signaling the closing of the camp gate. The trumpet and flute were blown, official flags were distributed, and the meeting was carried out according to the orders issued on the stage. Then everyone goes to their place and plays a trumpet, blows a long croak, and the whole camp stands up and raises their guns to make a gesture. Fang Fu Huang Banner gathers the soldiers into the camp and lights a fire. After each camp raises the fire and cooks and eats, they immediately report where there are thieves and see what flags are erected. , if a red flag is raised, prepare for battle in front, a black flag behind to prepare for battle, a blue flag to the left to prepare for battle, and a white flag to the right to prepare for battle. When the flag is hoisted, listen to the croak and wave, stand up, collect your weapons, light the drum and fire the gun, and go ahead one hundred miles from the base camp. Take small steps and stand firm. The outposts of the battalion's soldiers are behind the cannons. Each team at each outpost is arranged on the same level, with the second sentry on the left, the third sentry on the right, and the fourth sentry behind. They are arranged according to the diagram. Among them, the word "military soldiers" is placed after the "war soldiers" to avoid the shortage of the camp in that area. Listen to the trumpet of the team, and the outposts are spread out in a large mandarin duck formation. The main soldiers are in front, the left sentinels go out to the left, the right sentries go out to the right, and the rear sentinels come forward and are twenty paces close to the outposts, which are the second-level combat soldiers. Their left and right wings The military affairs and the regular soldiers in the middle are separated by one sentry place, and they must not be crowded together. Each sentry has one sentry and two sentry posts to capture the thieves, and the third and fourth sentry posts are about half a mile in front of the soldiers. There are mountains, dangers, woods, houses, or ditches, but wherever they can hide their traces, they all have a Yan flag and lie down to set it up as an ambush. The method of fighting is to listen to the Chinese army to fire one cannon, blow a long trumpet, and the gunman to fire a layer of cannons. , blew the trumpet five times, fired five cannons, and went out to fight. If there is an order to pay, and if the trumpet blows for a long time and keeps blowing for several times, then all the gunners in single file should finish firing. Beat the drums, march slowly out of the cannon, beat the drums, blow the swan trumpet, shout for battle, no matter how hard you are, you are not allowed to leave the mandarin duck formation, one team at a time, let them kill and chop at will, and are not allowed to get away from the players. As soon as you hear the golden sound, Recover the team; if the thieves do not retreat and are still fighting, the gold does not ring, and the drums of the Chinese army suddenly stop and start beating, then the team should move out from the second floor. When the drums are about to be beaten and the swans are blown, they rush out to the front floor to engage in the battle. The two wings copy The thieves and soldiers will advance together; if the thieves are defeated and the sound of beating drums is heard, the first level will only pursue and kill them, and the second level will follow closely. The drum beater stopped beating again, and came out from the second floor again. The whole team came forward to pursue them, but after hearing the three golden sounds, they quickly stood still and listened to the sound of cymbals being thrown and quickly gathered the original team. Ring the gold once, and the first layer retreats behind the last layer of soldiers; hear the sound of gold twice, turn around, raise your gun, and shout to stand still: Ring gold again, and the second layer retreats, already behind the last layer; ring gold twice more, and again. They raised their guns and turned around, shouted in unison, and stood still; when they fired the gold again, the soldiers in front retreated and then stopped. In this way, they followed the golden order and retreated until they were behind the cannons. At this time, if the thief pursues me through the ambush, the central army will fire up three muskets, and the ambush soldiers on both sides will rush out at once. The soldiers from the front turned around and rushed forward, fighting in a melee from all sides, and the old battalion sent troops to help. At this time, an ambush has been set up. If the main soldiers retreat and do not immediately turn around to respond desperately, the whole team will be treated as a ban treaty. There are three golden sounds for great victory. Everyone retreats to the original position according to the previous retreat method, and stands still. After hearing the news that there are no thieves, the cymbals are thrown to close the team, and the cymbals are thrown again to close the team. The front layer does not move and the back layer retreats less, leaving space for the two sentinels on the left and right. The two sentinels on the left and right stand at their feet.
Hearing the sound of crashing cymbals again, the two whistles on the left and right galloped back to the original sky and stood still, honking gold and blowing blunderbuss. After entering the camp gate first, they turned and squatted forward to guard against thieves coming in front. The sentries returned to the original camp one by one. After each sentry was gathered, the trumpets were blown and the remaining three camps were still deployed. They all gave general orders to go to war. Any cannon fired without reason in the camp was to change the order. After the cannon was fired, each battalion looked at what color flag the Chinese army had erected and which camp was ready to go out for battle. After the battle was completed and the gongs were sounded, the Chinese army reported to the main camp and set up camp. Everyone stood up with a long blast of 山哱山山山山山山 acted, and the sound of a cymbal was thrown. Then the cymbal was thrown again, and the five-square flag called back the Chinese army. All soldiers listened to the Chinese army flag being waved, and all the battalions were placed in front of the flag in a line according to the direction of the flag. It is divided into four stacks, and the camp is collected according to orders.
In every battle, all regular soldiers will listen to the trumpet a number of times, and they may set up a mandarin duck formation or a three-talent formation, depending on the number. The ambush troops on both wings must be arranged in a three-talent manner and never use a mandarin duck formation. If the ambush troops want to stand out, they must run. If the people in the Yuanyang Formation run far away, it will be easy to cause chaos. Therefore, only the three-talent formation is used. With a small number of people, it is easy to make emergencies.
A method of confrontation. Then, take cover behind each five tiles, move forward slowly, hold the tiles in front, lower your head as you move forward, stick your spear out from both sides of the tiles, and then move forward while protecting the tiles tightly. Listening to the drums and trumpets blowing, the swans and trumpets are heard fighting. The person holding the card is dedicated to advancing and is not allowed to look out to see the thief. The subordinates rely on the cards to cover themselves, and their only job is to kill before the cards are released. If he fails to step forward, it will be the captain's responsibility to warn the soldiers; if the captain's soldiers are killed, the soldiers will pay for their lives. The soldiers on both wings first opened up their momentum and moved out. As soon as the general is eager to fight on both sides of the thief, he will each order half of his troops to surround and kill me, and each will order half of his troops to lie in wait. As soon as the thief looks around to seize his energy, the front soldiers will fight with their cards. If the victory is still undecided, the front force is exhausted, and the drums are pressed urgently. The second layer will come out from the front layer as shown in the figure to meet the enemy. After hearing that Jin has won, he end. Return according to the withdrawal method. The soldiers on the beam each carried a small flag and rolled it up. When they knew that the thieves were already in ambush, they won the battle and returned to the camp.
There must be a plan for confrontation, a plan for retreating troops, and a plan for ambushing troops to go out to fight and return troops to respond. All the above has been detailed in the commander's camp before the battle. We will implement it according to the previous plan and will not repeat it.
One revenue method. That is to say, four stacks were harvested from the camp, and the cannons were fired with three shouts and three shouts. They were collected together at the general station, and the gongs were sounded as they passed by and everyone returned to their original place. After returning to the ranks, the gong was sounded, and the soldiers sat down to rest. If you go out to fight and recover in the field, fire the gun and shout out, and then follow the battalion to recover in several ways according to the changes in the terrain. The above method of fighting seems to be a foregone conclusion, or it can be said to be the so-called carving a boat to seek a sword. If the soldiers are not four battalions, how can they use this? As everyone knows, a team can operate with one sentry. It should be followed the style shown later, regardless of the number of people. Now the general will have zero sentry and one sentry, and when the four battalions are combined, they can always practice the wonderful method of dividing and reuniting. Illustrations are provided later.
A team exercises. From the first team to the fourth team, they merge into one sentry and finish the fourth sentry, and then merge into one battalion to do this. The following operation instructions are attached to the right of each picture, so even ten people can use them. The fighting method is also strange and correct, but it has one head, two wings and one tail, and the center is the center. It means to grasp the mind and move the limbs. When the enemy is facing the enemy, the head will be the front, and the tail will be followed by the head. The two wings will follow from far to near to meet the front. When encountering the enemy, the head will be the main soldier. , but the wings on the left and right are the raiding soldiers, and the tail behind is the supporting soldiers. Although the golden drum command is composed of five or ten people, from one team to one battalion, from one battalion to one hundred thousand, it is the same.
One way to do it. A team comes and stands, sits on the ground, listens to the sound of gongs, and listens to a long single blare, each stands up and holds an instrument, listens to the blowing of the team's trumpet, and the whole team spreads out, and then listens to the blowing of the single, swings the trumpet, and it becomes the three-cai formation as shown in the figure below. Beat the drums and march forward, beat the drums and blow the swans and trumpets and shout for battle. Five people are the main soldiers, three on each side are the right and left wings. The golden sound is heard three times to stand, and the golden sound is heard to retreat in front. The golden sound is sounded three times, and then the front is shouted and the cymbals are thrown. Still gathering the Yuanyang team, after beating the victorious drums, they returned to stand in the open space of the teaching ground, beat the gongs and sit on the ground to rest. In this case, the whistle and flag are lit again, and the second team practices the battle as before. The second team is finished. The whistle and flag were also lit, and the third team finished practicing the battle. Then the whistle and the long flag were lit, and the fourth team practiced fighting. The orders were all the same as the first team's practice. All four teams were finished with one whistle.
After the four teams finished drilling for one whistle, listen to the whistle officer lighting the flag and blowing the whistle. After each of the above drills, all the whistles stood up and listened to the drums to form the mandarin duck team. One team went alone, and the second team and three teams went in parallel. , the four teams stood in single file, sounded gongs, and sat down to rest. Listen to the pond and wave the flag in front to report the arrival of thieves. Listen to the whistle and stand up. Listen to the trumpet of the team and form a mandarin duck formation. The two teams on the left go out to the main line for ten short steps, just like in the wild. However, the convenience of advance and retreat is used as the boundary; the right person goes out to the right, listens and blows the trumpet again, that is, it is divided into three formations. If you no longer blow and open the trumpet, it is not divided into three formations. It is only a mandarin duck formation. Listen to the trumpet and compete, but blow the trumpet. If the three-person formation has been decided, listen to the drums and the first team marches slowly, and the four teams follow behind, listen to the drums and the sound of the swans shouting, the first team fights, no matter how hard it is to kill, don't mess up the formation. The drums are also played before the fourth team comes out of the air to form a team. In this way, the phases appear endlessly. The two teams on the right and left, the second team and the third team are centered in the center. The main soldiers advance into one layer, and only advance to the two wings at a time. The copy and embrace are combined. Stop before the main battle. Hear the sound of gold three times, and everyone gathers their original troops; the sound of gold is heard again, and the front layer retreats over the two wings of the back layer, and each retreats to its original path; the sound of gold is sounded three times in a row, and everyone shouts and stands still; the sound of gold is sounded again, and the front layer retreats again , retreat to the original place. The sound of falling cymbals is harvested as a mandarin duck formation, and the sound of falling cymbals is harvested as the original whistle is established. Once the operation is completed, if there is a report of a thief in the pond behind, then four teams will be the main soldiers, one team will be the second-level troops, the second team will be the right wing, and the third team will be the left wing. The tactics and tactics will be the same as before.
If there is a police report on the left after the operation is completed, the second team will be the regular soldiers, the third team will be the second level, the fourth team will be the left wing, and the first team will be the right wing. The tactics and orders are the same as before; if there is a thief on the right, the second team will be the second level. The third team is the regular soldiers, the second team is the second level, the first team is the left wing, and the fourth team is the right wing. The tactics and orders are all the same as before. The sentry commander is in the middle and the dispatch is the central army.
After finishing the first whistle, return to the open space, sound the gong, sit down, and listen to the second whistle, third whistle, and four whistles, each taking turns according to the method of the first whistle. When all is done, the call to Phnom Penh to detect thieves is made, and the call is made to the sentry officer. The flags of the same square and color are blown, and each of the four whistles blows a long chirp. The four whistles stand up and pack their utensils, and the call to Phnom Penh is sent to the pond. The four whistles The flags are immediately forward to the battlefield and set up. Each team is three steps long. The left and right flags stand twelve steps back from the flag of the first sentry. The flag of the fourth sentry stands twelve steps back from the left and right flags in the middle. Point. The outposts of the first drum and muskets are set up one by one under the flag. When the drum is sounded, the four teams gather together to form a line under the flag. When the trumpet of the team is blown, the mandarin duck formation is whistled and the mandarin duck formation is three steps away from each other. If you no longer blow the single-swing trumpet and the terrain is vast, use the Mandarin Duck Formation to confront the enemy; if you continue to blow the single-swing trumpet and the terrain is dangerous and narrow, you should still use the Three-Cai Formation to confront the enemy. The four sentries are also placed on the second level according to the first sentry. When the order is given, the second sentry is sent out, that is, away from the main soldiers from the left, or thirty-two steps, depending on the terrain, or taking a side road, but not too far away to lose the momentum. To rescue the enemy, one team and two teams should go out by the side road to capture the thieves. Three teams and four teams should go out thirty steps before the main soldiers, regardless of the distance, and follow the mountainous terrain where they can hide. They should lay down their banners and drums and lay down their weapons as an ambush. The third sentry also follows the method of the second sentry to go out to the right of the main soldier. They also use one team and two teams to capture the thieves according to the second sentry. They use the third and fourth teams to set up an ambush according to the second sentry. If the terrain is deviated, there is only one side where you can lie down and temporarily It is convenient to listen to the distribution of the posts. If one side can ambush and the other can copy, then if you listen to each post, you can copy all the thieves. Those who can ambush can use the post to ambush. The soldiers of the Chinese army in the headquarters did not use their sentries and hurriedly led a sentry officer to set up the old camp after fifty steps. This way of setting the silence speed was to let the thieves reach a small hundred steps. I listened to the commander and fired a blunderbuss. With each trumpet, the blunderbuss is fired on one level, and after five consecutive trumpets, all five tiers are played. After listening to the drums and whistles, they slowly walked out in front of the blunderbuss. They listened to the beating of the drums and the sound of the swans shouting before they started fighting. The drums were slowed down and counted again. The four sentries from the second floor rushed out, beating drums and listening to the sound of swans. They fought before going out to the front floor. The drums were slow and slow and beat the first floor before leaving the second floor. They beat drums and blew the swans and shouted for fights. The drills were not limited to several floors. Just listen to the shouts of drums, trumpets and trumpets and pull in the two wings. The second sentry and the third sentry also follow the main soldiers and copy in from one layer to another. If the enemy is facing a confrontation, the first layer has been connected and only the second layer has been connected. The fourth sentry will catch up with the soldiers covered by the second and third sentries. When the four sentries on the second level of the main soldiers are combined with the front level to fight, the two wings will immediately come to capture the thieves' energy to strengthen the soldiers' courage to fight for a long time. Either the main soldiers will pretend to be in trouble to lure the enemy, or they will go to the main road or from other places. Let us lead the battle at will, and we must not go through the ambush and go back to the enemy. When the thief chases the ambush and approaches the camp, listen to a big cannon. When the ambush soldiers hear the cannon, the two sentries on the left and right will shout and jump out, either charging at the thief's waist or After the thief comes out, the thief will hurriedly look back at the soldiers who are running back and turn around quickly. I listen to the big drums and do my best to chase and kill them. There is no chance of victory. At the end of the battle, after hearing the sound of gold ringing three times, everyone stood still at their feet. After hearing the sound of crashing cymbals, everyone returned to their original team posts. Hearing the sound of gold, the team on the first floor retreated to the back floor, and after hearing the sound of gold, they stood still. Another shout of gold was heard, and the troops in front retreated. After the troops had retreated, they shouted gold and stood up according to the previous order. In this way, the withdrawal between rounds only reaches the original place of the old camp. Hearing the sound of crashing cymbals, the team was ready to leave the camp according to the original order, and the sound of the crashing cymbals was heard again. The team was ready to leave the camp, and the sound of golden drums was heard. The troops returned to the army one after another. For example, if the thief comes from behind, he will use the fourth sentry as the main soldiers to face the enemy; the first and second teams of the second sentry will be the right wing soldiers, the third and fourth teams will be the right ambush troops; the first and second teams of the third sentry will be the left wing soldiers, and the third and fourth teams will be the left ambush soldiers. ; One whistle is the back whistle. If the thief comes from the left, the second sentry will be the front sentry, the third sentry will be the back sentry, the first and second teams of the fourth sentry will be the left wing soldiers, and the third and fourth sentry teams will be the right ambush troops. If the thief comes from the right, the third sentry is the main force to meet the enemy, the second sentry is the supporting force, the first and second teams of the first sentry are the left-wing soldiers, the third and fourth teams are the left ambush soldiers, the fourth sentry and the second team are the right-wing soldiers, and the third and third sentry are the right-wing soldiers. , the fourth team is ambushing troops on the right.
If you return to your original place after training in front of the training ground, and before you can return to the army, you suddenly report that there are police behind you, then the sentry behind you will be the first level of regular soldiers, and the sentry returning first will be the second level. Coordinate the advancing troops in layers, and turn around and stand to meet the enemy in a mandarin duck formation at their feet. The first and second sentry posts on the left are the left wing, the third and fourth sentry posts are the left ambush; the first and second sentry posts on the right are the right wing. , the third and fourth posts are lying on the right, each in the same way as before. However, the ambush is behind and around the second level of soldiers. That is to say, if you set up an ambush in the formation, you can't find a place to ambush elsewhere. The troops are in a hurry, so you have to spread your wings and move forward without facing the troops. Only when the second level is taking its turn will you enter here with the second level. This is the method of general communication. The method of going out to fight and withdrawing troops according to the enemy's orders to ambush is no different from the example of fighting one-on-one in the camp below. It is even more like Wen's order to withdraw troops and still stand firm. Listen to the blow and turn around, the horn still turns to the front. If there is a report that there is a thief on the left, the left sentry on the left will be the first level of regular soldiers, and the right sentry will be the second level of Ceqing. The first and second outposts at the front are the right wing, the third and fourth outposts are at the right side; the first and second outposts at the rear are at the left wing, and the third and fourth post are at the left side. When facing the enemy and withdrawing the troops, return to the original position as ordered before, still listening to the blowing of the trumpet, turn around, and stand still according to the initial plan. Before returning to the army, I heard that there was a police officer on the right, so I took the right sentry as the first level of regular soldiers and the left sentry as the second level. The first and second outposts at the front are the left wing, the third and fourth outposts are for the left ambush; the first and second outposts at the rear are the right wing, the third and fourth outposts are for the right ambush against the enemy, and the troops should be withdrawn as ordered from the front. There is nothing that cannot be the head, nothing that cannot be the tail, nothing that cannot be the wings, nothing that cannot be the cover. When the common people are in trouble, there are policemen on any side, front, rear, left and right, and they form a camp. The team moved from left to left and from right to right, just like driving a flock of sheep.
If we don't use it extensively and use it alone, if the land is narrow and the thieves are approaching, we still have to move the outposts to attack the thieves as regular soldiers. What a mistake! As soon as the general makes a decision, the golden drum is blasted, and the mandarin duck formation is marched back to the original camp. In the camp, people stand in line with the troops, sound gongs, and sit down to rest. After listening to the commander-in-chief, he looked at the colors of the flags on the general platform, lit up the flags, and led the troops. He lit the drums and listened to the blows. He got up and went to the Chinese army. He followed the commander-in-chief's order to deploy the battle, ambush and retreat, without any mistakes. In this way, after the five generals had finished, each of them still arranged to sit down and rest in reply to the letter, listening to the orders of the Chinese army and cooperating with the general exercises. It was the same as the general method, but the number of people was increased due to the terrain. Every time it is called front, back, left, and right, the front, back, left, and right are combined together; every time it is called one, two, three, or four whistles, the whistles divided into front, back, left, and right are combined. From this, it increases to one million.
Attached is a diagram of Ning Shao's training and formation of troops. His orders are all as he sees them, and he does not pay much attention to them.
[Appreciation]
"New Book of Jixiao", written by Qi Jiguang in the Ming Dynasty. It was written around the 39th year of Jiajing (1560 AD). There are 18 main volumes in the book, including the first volume, which totals about 100,000 words. The eighth volume of "Drills" is the most important volume. In addition to the main text of this volume, we have also selected the remaining volumes. A brief introduction to the chapters is given in order to have a general understanding of the overall outline of the book.
The purpose of the whole book is as the author said in the preface: "The husband said: 'Ji Xiao', which means it is not empty words; it is called 'new book', so it means it comes from the law and is not mired in the law." "This book is based on practical experience and is written based on previous military tactics." "The items for training soldiers in the assembly center include selecting the civilians from the land, as well as ordering, tactics, camp, martial arts, guarding, water warfare, and selecting those who are practical and effective to be trained separately. They are listed in order, and each is a volume to teach the three armies. "Bi Xiyan." The book is divided into two parts: the front volume and the main body. The first volume consists of two articles "Gong Yi" and one "Ji Xiao or Question". "Public Movement" states all aspects of the situation along the southeast coast, as well as the great significance and imperative of conducting military training in response to the enemy's situation; "Discipline Effects or Questions" puts forward relevant issues and specific requirements that need to be solved during military training to unify The ideological understanding of soldiers. The chapters in the eighteen volumes of the main text are: Chapter 1 of the Liberation Chapter, Chapter 2 of Concise Provisions of Emergency Orders to Enemy, Chapter 3 of Military Law for Standing in Front of Battle, Chapter 4 of Emergency Prohibitions on Soldiers, Chapter 5 of Laws and Prohibitions on Instructors and Soldiers, and Comparison The Sixth Chapter of Martial Arts Rewards and Punishments, The Seventh Chapter of Military Orders and Prohibitions on Camping, The Eighth Chapter of Drilling Camp Flags and Drums, The ninth Chapter of Camping on the Way before the Expedition, The Tenth Chapter of Long Soldiers and Short Uses, The Eleventh Chapter of the General Story of the Tengpai, Short The 12th chapter on the use of commanders, the 13th chapter on archery, the 14th chapter on the key points of the boxing classics, the 15th chapter on pictorial explanations of formations and weapons, the 16th chapter on illustrated flags, flags and golden drums, and the 17th chapter on guarding sentries. , Chapter 18 of the Flood Control and Soldiers Chapter. The issues discussed in the above articles include: selection and formation of troops, familiarity with orders, battlefield military law, military discipline, comparative martial arts, marching and camping, tactical training, various weapon confrontation training, flag and drum signals, shooting techniques, boxing training, defense City and pier alarms, sentry reconnaissance, water training, etc. are described with pictures in each article.
Qi Jiguang was diligent in writing throughout his life. He used his own efforts to leave many military treatises to future generations. Following the "Jixiao New Book", in the second year of Longqing (1568 AD), in order to organize and train the troops, another book "Records of Military Training" was written. These military writings have not only become a dazzling pearl in the treasure house of military literature in our country, but also a vivid teaching material for us to carry out patriotism education and carry forward the national spirit of the descendants of Yan and Huang today. Many military books of the Ming Dynasty and after, such as "Cao Hai Tu Bian", quoted a large number of its military thoughts and principles of military training and combat, and drew nutrients from his works. For more than four hundred years, Qi Jiguang's "New Book of Jixiao" and "Records of Military Training" have not only been compiled into "Sikuquanshu" and some series of books. There are many manuscripts and engravings across the country, and they have also been spread abroad. The military thoughts reflected in it, the military principles revealed, and the tactical theories summarized will be described in detail later. Readers can refer to "Records of Military Training" for appreciation.