In China, that "slave school" led by Guo Moruo believe that the slave society began with the establishment of the Xia dynasty in 2/kloc-0 century BC and ended with the unification of China by Ying Zheng, the k of Qin, in 22/kloc-0 year BC.
The leading figure of "Slave Free School" is Huang Xianfan, and the representative scholars are Hu, Hu, and others (that is, the five masters of "Slave Free School"), arguing that "there is no slave society in China history" and "the ancient history of China should be staged again".
Personally, I tend to be slave-free.
Academically, slavery and slave society are different, but most people are easily confused.
The "slave-free school" is relative to the "slave-free school", which advocates that "there is no slave society in China history" and "the ancient history of China should be staged again".
Guo Moruo is the leader of the "slave school", represented by Jian Bozan, Lv Zhenyu and Hou Wailu, while Huang Xianfan is the leader of the "slave school", represented by, Hu, and (that is, the five famous "slave schools"). 1979, Professor Huang Xianfan published the article "Discussion on the Slave-free Society in the History of China Nationalities", in which he pointed out: "I insist that there was no slave society in China history, neither did the Han nationality, nor did most ethnic minorities. In Europe, Greece and Rome changed from a clan society to a slave society. This is not the law of the development of human society, nor is it the universal law of the world, but the exception of history. " They think that through a brief discussion of the ancient history of Germanic, Yugoslavia, Western Slavic, Eastern Slavic, Arabia, India, Japan, North Korea, Vietnam and other nationalities and countries, through the interpretation of "Asian mode of production", through the comparative study of ancient Greek and Roman society and ancient eastern society, through the public, people, cities, squares, late, ordinary, grass, servants, ministers, slaughter, grass and grass.
(1) In the historical development of ancient countries in the world, most of them entered the feudal society directly without going through the slave society, that is, the typical Greek and Roman slave society, and did not enter the slave society directly from the beginning.
(2) From a classless society to a class society, the class that was initially oppressed and exploited was a serf, not a slave. Serfs came into being before slaves. Because the feudal social system of serfdom is the easiest to combine with the rural commune system. The conditions under which serfs came into being were also simpler than slaves, so they came first.
(3) The appearance of domestic slaves is also relatively easy. All countries in the world have an ancient history. People often misunderstand them as slave society, mostly because of this. But the system is a phenomenon, not an essence, but a thing. Whether you can reach the slave society is another matter, and you can't compare it. "
Hill, a professor of anthropology at Dickinson University in Pennsylvania, questioned Fei Xiaotong's theory of "slavery" when he studied the ancient social nature of Liangshan Yi people. Hill believes that "the unique slave social and economic process in Xiaoliangshan before the collectivization reform in 1950' s shows that Sunuo society used to be a slave society, but it was not a slave society."
In his last manuscript, 1908 ~ 1977, a famous Japanese scholar of modern Oracle Bone Inscriptions in China, bluntly denied Guo Moruo's "slave society theory in Yin Dynasty", which cannot be ignored. In his last manuscript, Yin Dynasty Slave Society Certificate, he used extensive knowledge of Oracle bones to refute Guo Moruo's argument that the word "zhong" was a "slave" and Yin Dynasty slave society one by one, and put forward a credible Yin Dynasty slave society certificate. This understanding of Hill and Shi Mabang, like the positive understanding of Huang Xianfan's theory of no slavery by American and Japanese scholars mentioned above, shows that China's thought of "no slavery" has actually influenced foreign countries and won the praise of some foreign scholars for the theory of no slavery in ancient China society. This shows that the "slavery school" is different from the "early slave theorists" in the 1930 s.