Mencius (about 372 BC-289 BC), surnamed Ji, was born in Zou State (now Zoucheng, Jining, Shandong) during the Warring States Period.
A famous philosopher, thinker, politician and educator in the Warring States period, one of the representatives of Confucianism, was second only to Confucius, and was also called "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. Advocating "benevolent government", he first put forward the idea that "the people are more expensive than the monarch".
Han Yu listed Mencius as a Confucian figure who inherited the Confucian orthodoxy in the pre-Qin period in The Original Road. In the Yuan Dynasty, Mencius was named "Elegant Gong Sheng Chen Shu" and honored as "Elegant Saint". Mencius is a collection of essays compiled by Mencius' disciple * *, which advocates "benevolence-oriented".
Representative works include "I want what I want" and "If you get it, you will get more help, and if you lose it, you will get less help". Born in sorrow, died in happiness, wealth can't be immoral. "I want what I want" and "I am for my motherland" are included in middle school Chinese textbooks.
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Mencius is a collection of Mencius' speeches by Mencius and his disciples. It records Mencius' language, political opinions (benevolent politics, Wang Ba's debate, people-oriented, respecting the right and wrong of the monarch, and valuing the people over the monarch) and political actions. It is a Confucian classic. His theoretical starting point is the theory of good nature, which puts forward "benevolent governance" and "kingly governance" and advocates rule by virtue. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu called Mencius, The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean the Four Books.
Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been regarded as a family heirloom. Mencius is the longest and heaviest of the four books, with more than 35 thousand words. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, "Four Books" had been a compulsory part of the imperial examination.
Baidu encyclopedia-Mencius