Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
The drums of the defenders cut off people's communication, and a lonely goose was singing in autumn in the frontier. (Bian Zuo: Autumn Destiny)
The dew turns to frost tonight, and the moonlight at home is bright!
Brothers are scattered, and no one can ask about life and death.
Letters sent to Luoyang city are often not delivered, and wars often do not stop.
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Translation and annotation
translate
Garrison the drums upstairs to break pedestrians, and the lonely geese sing in autumn night.
Starting from tonight, I entered the Millennium solar term, and the moon in my hometown is still the brightest.
Although there are brothers, they are all separated, and it is impossible to find out about them.
Letters from home to Luoyang have never been delivered, and frequent wars have never stopped.
To annotate ...
Little brother: I humbly call myself little brother.
Garrison drum: Garrison the drum upstairs. Garrison. garrison.
Breaking pedestrians: refers to the curfew after drums.
Border Autumn: A work of Autumn Border, the border land in autumn, and the border autumn.
He knows that the dew tonight will be frost: it refers to the "white dew" that is upright overnight.
Oh, my brothers, what's the point of my life without you? When the brothers are separated, the family is gone, and neither of them can know the news of life and death.
L: Always, always.
David Attenborough: Here you are.
Conditions: What's more.
No truce: the war is not over yet. ▲
Useful, useless, perfect
References:
1, Long Rumin. Selected poems of China. Beijing: Linear Bookstore, 20 10: 103. 2. Yang Liqun. Selected poems of Tang and Song Dynasties. Beijing university of international business and economics Publishing House. 20 1 1 year: 17- 18 pages. 3. Kanon Uranium. The most beautiful Tang poetry and Song poetry. Tianjin: Tianjin Ancient Books Publishing House, 20 10 year: 20 pages. 4. Yu Jianzhong. Appreciation of China's translation of ancient poems. Kunming:.
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Artistic conception appreciation
Homesickness for relatives and friends is a common theme in classical poetry. In order to avoid mediocrity and originality, it is not enough to rely solely on the author's life experience, but also to be ingenious in expression. It is in dealing with this common theme that Du Fu reveals his true colors.
The first verse of this poem is abrupt and untidy. The title is Moonlit Night, but the author did not start from the moonlit night, but first described a picture of Autumn in Frontier fortress: "Wanderers smell drums to herald battles, and geese sing autumn colors." Write down what you see when the road is broken; Look at the drums and geese, and write down what you hear. It's sad to see and hear. The heavy and monotonous drums and the lonely geese on the horizon not only did not bring a trace of vitality, but made the already desolate frontier fortress more desolate and silent. "Broken Pedestrian" points out the social environment, indicating that wars are still frequent and fierce, and roads are blocked. The two poems render a strong and sad atmosphere, which is the background of Moonlit Night.
Parallel connection point. "He knows the dew will be frost tonight" not only describes the scenery, but also points out the season. It was on the night of the Millennium Festival. It's clear and full of dew, which makes people feel chilly. "The moonlight at home is how bright!" It is also a landscape painting, but it is slightly different from the previous sentence. What the author writes is not completely objective, but incorporates his own subjective feelings. It's a bright moon in the world, and it makes no difference. Determined to say that the moon in my hometown is the brightest; It is obviously the author's own psychological illusion, so we must be so sure, there is no doubt about it. However, this fantasy-based approach will not make people feel unreasonable, because it profoundly shows the author's subtle psychology and highlights his feelings for his hometown. These two sentences are also very skillful in refining sentences. All they want to say is "tonight is white" and "the moon in my hometown". Only by changing the word order, the tone is particularly vigorous and powerful. So Wang Dechen said: "Zi Mei is good at using things and common language. If she is isolated or inverted, her language will be healthy and firm, and her meaning will be profound and stable." Readers can also see Dufu's ability to turn ordinary into magic from here.
The above four sentences are written casually, which seems to have nothing to do with missing my brother, but they are not. Not only writing "Looking Back at the Moon", but also listening to drums, geese and cold dew all made the author feel sad and nostalgic. Therefore, I remember every word of my brother, and every word is affectionate.
Poetry has a natural transition from full moon to lyricism. Moonlight often makes people daydream, and it is easier to evoke homesickness. The poet has a special taste in his heart today, far away from chaos, on this cold moonlit night. Where will you go? Anxiety is mixed with melancholy, and the tone is particularly painful. "Oh, my brothers, lost and scattered, what is my life without you?" The last sentence said that the two brothers are separated and live far apart; The next sentence says that home is gone, life and death are unpredictable, heartbreaking and touching. These two poems also summarize the common experiences of people in the An Shi Rebellion.
The couplet is closely linked with five or six sentences to further express inner worries. Relatives are scattered everywhere, so books can't be delivered at ordinary times. Moreover, frequent wars have not stopped, and life and death are even more unpredictable. Implication, infinite affection. After reading this poem, we can easily understand why Du Fu was able to write such a poem as "After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold" ("Spring Hope"). A profound life experience is the deepest source of artistic creation.
structural analysis
The whole poem is well organized, coordinated from beginning to end, with distinct levels and rigorous structure. If you don't fight, you will have, if you don't go, you will remember your brother when you look at the moon, if you are homeless, you will not be able to deliver books, and if you leave, your life and death will be unknown.
Thoughts and feelings
During the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu was displaced from place to place, suffering hardships and worrying about the country and the people, which was really filled with emotion. As long as you touch it gently, many things will flow out from the bottom of the pen together, so the common theme of homesickness is written out by sadness and frustration.