Q: What are the key figures and time points in the spread of Shangshu?
A: Shangshu should be the most complicated and controversial of the thirteen classics. Here is a brief introduction:
1, Confucius: Confucian classics believe that Confucius once deleted Shangshu, which means that Confucius sorted out and deleted the documents handed down from ancient times and became the current Shangshu. China's classic works deny this view.
2. Qin Fusheng: Because Shangshu was burned by Qin Shihuang, the original appearance of Shangshu in the pre-Qin period was unknown. When Emperor Xiaowen of the Western Han Dynasty, Fu Shengneng taught Shangshu, and Emperor Xiaowen sent Chao Cuo to study and got 29 articles, which were called Jinwen Shangshu. The meaning of this article is that the contents of the book are written in official script prevailing in the Western Han Dynasty. This matter is recorded in the Scholars, and this matter is not controversial. Later, the whole Han Dynasty began with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the doctors of the Five Classics were based on the Book of History.
3. Kong Anguo in the Western Han Dynasty: Kong Anguo was the 11th grandson of Confucius and a native of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Historical Records Biography of the Scholars records that he can read the history of ancient Chinese literature. This history book was written with seal script before the Han Dynasty, and it was no longer popular in the Han Dynasty, so it was called ancient prose. It is recorded in Hanshu that Lu * * * destroyed Confucius' old house in order to expand his palace. Many documents were found on the wall of the old house, all written in ancient Chinese, including Shangshu, also called Shangshu. As for whether it is the same as Shangshu in The Scholars, it is uncertain.
4. The Western Han Dynasty presented the king to Hejian: When collecting books among the people, I received the Book of History, which was contained in the Biography of Thirteen Kings of Han Dynasty, but this version was later unfounded.
5. Zhang Ba in the Western Han Dynasty: The History of the Scholars records that Zhang Ba dedicated his library to Emperor Han Cheng. Some people think that the preface of this book is the preface of Shangshu.
6. Liu Xin in the Western Han Dynasty: In Doctor Tai Chang's Book, the events of Wang Lu's History of Ancient Literature were recorded, and Liu Xin revised this History of Ancient Literature.
7. Du Lin in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "The Biography of Du Lin in the Later Han Dynasty" records that Du Lin got a roll of lacquer book "Ancient Literature History". Although there is only one volume, Du Lin is a master of classical Chinese classics, so The History of the Scholars in the Later Han Dynasty records the version of Professor Du Lin's History of Ancient Chinese Classics. Later, Jia Kui lectured on this book, Ma Rong made a biography of this book, and Zheng Xuan made a comment on this book. At this point, the history of ancient literature of this book should be an ancient classic of China in the Eastern Han Dynasty. However, China's ancient classics were circulated among the people at that time, and the source of the official books was the History of Modern Literature written by Fu Sheng.
8. Mei Wei in the Eastern Jin Dynasty: This person is very important and can be said to be a key node in the whole circulation process of Shangshu. Due to the "Yongjia Rebellion", the Eastern Jin court was in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River. At that time, yu zhang asked Hu Mei to present an ancient history to the Emperor of Jin. Hu Mei claimed that this book was handed down by Kong Anguo in the Western Han Dynasty and dedicated to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
9. Tang Kong and Wei Bao: Kong compiled Shangshu Zhengyi according to the submitted version, which was later collated by Wei Bao and engraved in Kaijing. As a result, Hu Mei's version gained official legitimacy.
10, Yan ruoqu in Qing dynasty: His Notes on Ancient Books of Shangshu thought that the ancient books of Confucius presented by Hu Mei were fake books, which made Shangshu, which had been circulated for thousands of years, be tampered with.
The simple conclusion is:
1. There are many versions of Shangshu in the Han Dynasty (none of these versions have been handed down).
2. The orthodox book Shangshu, which has been recognized for the longest time, was given by Mei Meng in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It was widely circulated after Kong compiled it as Justice of Shangshu, and was judged as a fake book in Yan Ruoqu in the Qing Dynasty.
2、
Q: How to read Shangshu? Which parts do you want to read?
A: At present, the generally accepted conclusion is:
Divide the existing Shangshu (note that it is existing) into two parts:
Jinwen Shangshu and Guwen Shangshu.
Jin Wen Shang Shu is roughly equivalent to the popular version of the Western Han Dynasty, and most of its contents are credible.
Whether the book "Ancient Essays" is credible is controversial.
Beginners can mainly read Jin Wen Shang Shu and Gu Wen Shang Shu.
3、
Q: Do you recommend some related introductory books?
A: Both publishers can:
Shangshu is a China classic series published by Zhonghua Book Company.
Notes on Shangshu was published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House.