Song Lin Sheng
Outside the castle peak building outside the mountain,
When does the West Lake Dance stop?
Warm wind intoxicated tourists,
Make Hangzhou Bianzhou!
[Introduction to the author]
Lin Sheng, whose name is Meng Ping, was a scholar in the period of Xiaozong Xichun (1174-1189) in the Southern Song Dynasty. There is no way to find out anything else.
[Notes]
Lin 'an: the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.
Luxury house: inn, hotel.
Hugh: Stop, stop.
Straight: it's simply.
Bianzhou: Bianliang (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province) was originally the capital of the Song Dynasty, and was later occupied by Jin.
[Poetry translation, poetry]
Green hills outside the mountain, tall buildings outside the building.
When will the lights and dances by the West Lake stop?
Warm winds drive tourists crazy,
I simply regard Hangzhou as the old capital Bianzhou!
[Appreciation]
This is a poem written on the wall of a hotel in Lin 'an.
In AD 1 126, the Jin people captured Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and captured two emperors, Huizong and Qinzong. The territory of the Central Plains was completely occupied by the Jin people. Zhao Gou fled to the south of the Yangtze River and ascended the throne in Lin 'an, which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty. Instead of accepting the painful lesson of national subjugation in the Northern Song Dynasty, the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty became angry from embarrassment and tried to strengthen itself. The rulers did not want to recover the lost land in the Central Plains, but begged for peace, surrendered to the outside world, and brutally persecuted Yue Fei and other patriots at home. Politically corrupt and incompetent, dignitaries indulge in debauchery and pleasure. This poem is written for this dark reality. It pours out the indignation pent up in the hearts of the broad masses of people, and also expresses the poet's deep concern for the fate of the country and the nation.
The first two sentences of the poem are "When will the West Lake stop singing and dancing?" Seize the characteristics of Lin 'an City: overlapping green hills, rows of terraces, endless lights and songs and dances, and write down a false picture of prosperity and peace in that year. The poet touched the scene and couldn't help but sigh: "When will the West Lake Dance stop?" When will these lewd songs and dances by Xizi Lake, which kill people's fighting spirit against gold, stop?
The last two sentences, "Warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent", are the poet's further expression of his feelings. The word "warm wind" is a pun, which refers to both the spring breeze in nature and the lewd wind in society. It is this "warm wind" that blows people's minds like they are drunk. "Tourists" cannot be understood as ordinary tourists. It means that the ruling class in the Southern Song Dynasty forgot the national disaster, lived a quiet life and had fun. The words "smoked" and "drunk" in the poem are used very skillfully, vividly depicting the mental state of those dignitaries who indulge in debauchery and ruin the country and the people. At the end, "directly treating Hangzhou as Bianzhou" is a direct rebuke to the Southern Song authorities for forgetting national hatred and family feuds and treating Hangzhou as the old capital Bianzhou. Bitter satire contains great anger and endless worries.
This poem is cleverly conceived and phrased: cynicism is written from a lively scene; Extremely indignant, but not abusive. It is indeed a masterpiece in fable poetry.
When answering the question of what is irony in the literary society, Lu Xun said: "An author writes the truth of a group of people or one side with refined or almost exaggerated pen and ink-but naturally it must also be an artistic place." This group of people who were written called this work a satire. " He added: "The satirical life is real, not necessarily a fact that once existed, but it must be a fact that will exist. What it writes is blatant and ordinary, and no one feels strange at ordinary times, and naturally no one pays attention to it. But at that time, it was considered unreasonable, absurd, contemptible and even hateful. But I'm used to it, and it's not surprising to put it in public. It is very touching to mention it now. "
Of course, there are many reasons for the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, but the extravagance of the rulers must be one of them. There are many reasons for the partial peace in the Southern Song Dynasty, but one of them will be the man who had a good time in the ruling and opposition parties and lived a life of drunkenness and dreaminess. Lin Sheng's poem, seen in Travels of the West Lake, describes an open and universal social phenomenon at that time, and no one will be surprised. When I wrote it to him, it was shocking and hard to feel, so it was a satire of success.
This kind of poem was quite popular in the Song Dynasty. For example, "Miscellanies of Ancient Hangzhou" said: "There is Baita Bridge on the postal route, and the mileage map of the DPRK is printed and sold. When a scholar-bureaucrat goes to Lin 'an, he must buy and read it carefully. Someone asked the wall cloud; Baita Bridge sells land classics, and the short posts in Changting are very clear. Why only talk about Lin' an Road, not far from the Central Plains? " "Like Lin Sheng's works, it can be said that they are different in appearance. Shi Cheng also recorded the story of Zheng Guang: "The government has no way to control Zheng Guang, Lvliang and Beaufort, and the government forces can't roll sea dumplings. Don't arrest with a letter. The location is the official, and the teacher is the location. Eyes wide open, eager to go to the government, no one to talk. Guangyu was speechless. One day, a group of people or poets widely said,' Zheng Guang is a rough man and an official with poor poetry, but what?' They all belong to the ear, but they shouted:' Zheng Guang has many officials in poetry, and civil and military officials always look ordinary. All officials are officials rather than thieves, and Zheng Guang is a thief rather than an official. "Full of shame." These poems are a wonderful portrayal of the corrupt regime at that time. (Excerpted from Selected Poems of Song Dynasty published by Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House)