Lamb's skin, five pieces of plain silk.
It is self-serving to retreat from food and entrust others to others.
Lamb's leather, five strips of plain silk.
If you give in to others, you will give up your food.
Lamb’s seam, five pieces of plain silk.
It is self-serving to give up one's luck.
"Lamb" is located in the seventh chapter of "Zhao Nan", the second style of the fifteen national styles in "The Book of Songs".
During the reign of King Zhou Cheng, Duke Zhao and Duke Zhou divided Shaanxi and ruled it. From Shaanxi to the west, call the princess. From Shaanxi to the east, call the princess of Zhou. Zhaonan is the land of the southern vassal states west of Shaanxi. The "Gantang" I learned before is said to be a poem in memory of Zhao Bo and in praise of Zhao Bo's virtues. According to legend, Zhao Bo once broke the prison under the Gantang tree and encouraged farmers to teach farming. Later generations used "Zhaotang" to praise the achievements of officials.
There are many versions of interpretations of "The Lamb". Among them, Fang Yurun in the Qing Dynasty believed that it was the virtue of calling the public. Teacher Lu quoted a long passage in Litchi:
Regarding the case, Hao Jing said: Weaving plain silk into groups and covering the gaps is called Zhi. Mao said again: "玎" means sewing. Hu's Yigui said: Combining the two into one is called totality. However, Zun Ye, Xie Ye, and Zong Ye are all called seams. Lamb fur was originally made for daily use. The princes regarded it as a court uniform, and the officials also used it for court uniforms. However, the decoration was different from that of the emperor. If all the people in power are all lambs, and they all turn to snakes to get rid of food, how is it different, and how is it enough to show that they are virtuous? For what this poem is about, there must be someone there, and it is not just a random person. Looking at the five fur coats, the five fur coats, and the five fur coats, it is clear that there are five seams in one fur. My husband has five stitches in one fur and still refuses to throw it away. How can this be anything other than frugal? Yanzi lived in Huqiu for thirty years. He was called frugal and virtuous. It was recorded in the Book of Rites. Is this what he meant? As for "committing to the snake and the snake", it is a graceful and contented appearance. Wearing a fur coat with five seams but without a graceful and contented appearance, it is impossible to see the beauty of virtue; wearing a fur coat with five seams, although it has a graceful appearance, but not seeing it in the place where the father retreats to eat, and seeing it all the time, is also It is impossible to see the purity of his virtue. This is the first time the courtiers saw him acting like this and looking like this. After seeing that his clothes are like this, his appearance is also like this. After seeing him for a long time, his clothes and appearance are still not as good as this. There is nothing pretentious, nothing to cover up, nothing to show off, nothing to show off, but I feel that he is comfortable and peaceful and has more than enough. Yu Yan, although this external appearance can only be seen in the inner virtue, although this is the last detail, it can only be seen in the complete virtue. It is not enough to say that a man who is not morally pure and virtuous but reaches the natural state is not enough. That's why I said there must be someone there. What is the name of summoning the public? His summons to the public is called Jie! That's why the poet chants it again and again.
According to Fang Yurun’s interpretation, “A husband has five seams on a fur coat and still refuses to discard it. Why not be frugal?” This means that this lamb fur garment is so worn that there are many things on it. It was torn in places, but after being mended, he still wore it to go to court. Isn't this frugality? This monarch does not wear such clothes occasionally, but often wears them. When you see him, he looks calm and contented. It reminds me of Confucius' praise of Yan Hui: "With a basket of food and a ladle of drink, in the back alleys, people can't bear their worries, but they don't change their joy when they return. You are so virtuous when you return!" This man is like a shining jade, no matter how tattered his clothes are. It is difficult to cover up his virtues, his brilliance and the path he pursues.
I’m ashamed that I didn’t really understand it, so I uploaded and shared my own interpretation because I thought I was smart. In fact, they are just some other people's ideas that are borrowed here and there and taken out of context. But after a day of studying and listening to everyone’s voices, I had some thoughts.
The second view is that this poem praises the scholar-bureaucrats of the previous dynasty. "Mao Shi Zhengyi": ""The Lamb" is the result of "The Magpie's Nest". In the country of Zhaonan, the government of King Hua Wen was frugal and upright, and his virtue was like a lamb." [Song Dynasty] Zhu Xi's "Collected Poems" : "The government of King Huawen of the Southern Kingdom was frugal and upright, so the poet always had beautiful clothes and was calm and content." It is based on the lamb in "Lamb's Skin", "Lamb's Leather" and "Lamb's Seam" .
According to the dress system of the nobles of the Zhou Dynasty, "Book of Rites? Tamamo" says: "The king's clothes are made of fox white fur, and the brocade clothes are tied with a collar." On the right of the king is a tiger's fur, on the left is a wolf's fur, and the soldiers are not clothed in fox white. The gentleman wears a fox-green fur leopard jacket, and a mysterious silk robe. The Qiu Qiu is green, and the clothes are tied to the girdle. It is decorated with lamb fur and leopard, and is covered with silk clothes. Fox fur, yellow clothes with a collar. Jinyi and fox fur are the clothes of the princes. The coats of dogs and sheep are not covered with clothing, and they are not covered with ornaments. ” It points out that the monarch wears a white fox fur coat and a brocade robe over it; the princes wear a yellow fox fur garb and a brocade robe over it; while the “gentlemen” of the low-level nobles can only wear dog skin or sheepskin fur garb, and cannot cover it with a A coat. So it can be seen that wearing "lamb" skin is the uniform of the lowest nobles in court.
"The Analects of Confucius." Township Party" "When you go to mourning, you should wear everything. If it is not a curtain, you will kill it. Don't hang it with a lamb fur crown." When the mourning clothes are over, after taking off the mourning clothes, they can wear various decorations. If it is not a gown, it must be tailored. Do not wear black lambskin robes and black hats to mourn. Because lamb fur crowns were used as auspicious clothes in ancient times, and funerals are bad events, they cannot be worn during mourning.
In the Zhou Dynasty, there were regulations on what people should wear according to different titles and levels. From the "lamb fur" clothing, it seems that this is a doctor. So how does this doctor behave? He looked like he was enjoying himself by "putting his own spin on things." For doctors, in addition to regulations on dress, are there any regulations on behavior?
Let’s get a glimpse of it from the chapter "The Analects of Confucius: Township Party". The "Xiang Dang" chapter focuses on recording Confucius' appearance, appearance, words, clothing, food, housing and transportation, and praises Confucius as a gentleman whose every move is in line with etiquette.
For example, Confucius's attitude when he met the king and the officials; his behavior when he came in and out of public houses and when he went on missions to other countries all showed his upright and benevolent character.
The fourth stanza: "Enter the public gate,... go out, be demoted to a lower level, show off your colors, and be happy..."
Shows Confucius's face after he retired from the court Stretch, looking contented.
It can be inferred from this that if this person is a doctor, at the same time, after "retiring from eating and drinking", his face will be relaxed and calm. From the clothes to the behavior, everything conforms to the etiquette and requirements of the time, so "the person in power has the right to wear it, and he can be praised as a robe, so it is said to be the lamb's fur to show the virtue of the person in power."
Of course, there are other interpretations. For example, say it sarcastically. Some people think that this poem expresses the appearance of officials "dressed in light fur, eating public food and doing nothing, and eating plain meals in their corpses"
This once again starts with the explanation of "五罽", "五玎" and "五公" . One theory is that Wu, Tong "wu", means to diverge or intersect; 罽 (tuótuo) is the unit used to calculate silk threads in ancient times. The five silk threads are Zhen. Here it means suturing. The following "五玎" and "五玮" are the same as "五罽". So the vernacular interpretation of this poem, the basic meaning of this poem is: wearing a lambskin fur, the plain silk seams are really elegant. Retire to the official dinner and enjoy the delicious food, walking leisurely and leisurely. Wearing a lambskin jacket, the plain silk seams are skillfully sewn. Xiaoyao paces slowly, and has retired from the court after being full from the official meal. Wearing a lambskin robe, the silk stitching is of high quality. Walking leisurely and leisurely, retreating to the court to enjoy the delicious food.
It seems that this official is wearing a lamb fur trimmed with white silk thread and enjoying a public meal after leaving the court. And what is a public meal? "Zuo Zhuan: The Twenty-Eighth Year of Duke Xiang": "The public meal is served with two chickens per day." And in "Mencius: King Hui of Liang, Part 1", the ideal society in line with the king's principles expounded by Mencius only reaches: " Those who are fifty can wear silk, and those who are seventy can eat meat." Ordinary people cannot wear good clothes or eat meat. These officials eat in the public canteen every day as much as two chickens a day. The comparison between the two compartments makes people think of "the wine and meat smell of rich people, and the bones on the road are frozen to death". When you look at the official coming out of the government office after having a good meal and wine, pacing and swaying, with a seemingly carefree and leisurely look, you can't help but feel ugly and disgusting. From this, the poet's sarcasm, sarcasm, and ridicule are fully revealed in the up and down of the three Xiaojies: This pretentious guy is actually a parasite who eats for nothing!
As for the combination In modern life, what does this poem mean? Is it praise or satire? It depends on the social class each person is in, his views on things, what he pursues, and whether his heart is strong or not!
The benevolent sees benevolence, and the wise see wisdom.