Lu Xun's literary activities involve creation, translation, criticism, literary history research, editing and publishing, printmaking awards, text reform movement and so on. The collection here is limited to review articles, and the weight is not enough. In order not to make a big mistake in understanding Lu Xun's fundamental thought, we should consider choosing and introducing it from the aspects of times and themes.
Lu Xun thinks that his job skill is translation. The number of translations accounts for half of all his works, and it involves various periods. When I was studying in Japan before modern times, I began to translate and introduce the literature of small and weak ethnic groups in Eastern Europe. I entered my literary career with the "literary revolution" of 19 18 and continued until my death. Its tendency is also influenced by the original Ode to Antlers, Garson and Postscript Zoff (translated by Bulgarian writers, 1850 ~ 192 1). 192 1 year, Lu Xun translated his short stories wilkie in the War, Arzhbasov, A Youth's Dream, Shirakawa and Wang? Ai Qin (Dutch writer, 1860 ~ 1932). Lu Xun and Qi jointly translated his long fairy tale Little John, which was extended into a movie by Luna Karski, Prikhanov and Jacob Woolf (Soviet novelist, 1886 ~ 1953). 1929, Lu Xun translated his novella "October", fadeev, and Syrafiz, describing the Moscow Uprising during the October Revolution, which ended when the translation of "Dead Soul" by Nikolai Nikolai Gogol was interrupted by his death.
Compared with creation, the number is very small. There are only two collections of short stories, Scream and Wandering, a collection of prose poems, an autobiographical memoir, Flowers in the Morning, and five collections of short stories with myths and history as their themes. Most of them were created before 1926 left Beijing. (Please refer to the Selected Works of Creation published by me separately)
The research on the history of literature is related to the collation and textual research of ancient books in more than ten years before the "literary revolution", in addition to sorting out the handout "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" in Beijing. The number is more than creation, and some of them have not yet been published. If the "literary revolution" had not arisen in this way, his work might have continued. Even after I started my literary career, I didn't give up this job for a long time as an interest. When he left Beijing to wander in Xiamen and Guangdong, he was confused about his future. After I settled in Shanghai, I was forced by real life, and this dream continued until I cut off my hope of being a pedant.
Comments cover various periods, and their number exceeds the sum of creation and literary history research. After writing stopped, his activities focused on comments. In the sense of focusing on Lu Xun's literature, we can't ignore its importance. His comments (which he called "miscellaneous feelings") are as sharp as a dagger (Yu Dafu's comments), almost all of which are arguments or words related to arguments. He jumped at the enemy's heart and hurt his opponent and himself at the same time. Otherwise, Lu Xun does not exist. He constantly dispels some shadows that are even regarded as self-abuse. In the postscript of The Grave, the reader can see the hidden shadow through his inner painful confession.
What was written behind the grave was written in Xiamen after he 1926 left Beijing. This period is a period of instability in his thoughts and life, and it is a transitional period. That's his inner confession. However, it also inadvertently shows the foundation of Lu Xun. Therefore, I put this chronological article at the beginning.
I don't think born to love exists, but the consciousness born of hate, which is very important for understanding Lu Xun's literature. This kind of consciousness did not suddenly appear at that time, but began when Lu Xun's literature was established and he decided to live as a writer (readers can refer to the novel Lonely Man). We don't lose hope in the process of life, but start from losing hope in life, and start living because we doubt this despair. This kind of life may be called an illusion, but in fact, only this kind of life is real for writers. As a writer, Lu Xun's tenacious lifestyle shows that his literature is not based on real life. If we don't get rid of real life in some form, it is impossible to produce literature like him.
Because of the "literary revolution" in 19 18, when Lu Xun became the first person in charge of modern literature, I'm afraid he didn't realize that he would live as a writer. In various articles, he explained his feelings at that time, but he couldn't explain anything. Some gloomy thoughts made him suffer. In order to escape this pain, he had to shout with several sober people, which was the whole of his consciousness.
What made him suffer? Lu Xun did not explain it in words. I don't think this is a kind of compensation for the past, nor is it an infinite responsibility for the dead. His literary life was established as compensation for real life. It can be said that he leads a double life.
In fact, Lu Xun is not without youth. During his seven-year study in Japan from 1902 to 1909, he was also visited by various youth faults. He also has the ambition to save the country and the dream of becoming a writer. Although the family declined and the marriage failed, it did not bring him heavy losses during this period. Even though he returned to his hometown as a teacher in 1909, he became an official of the Ministry of Education under Cai Yuanpei with the revolution in191,and even worked as an official in the second half of Beijing for more than ten years, he did not lose hope. 19 12 after the government moved its capital to Beijing, Lu Xun's enthusiasm for reform was destroyed and his youth suddenly faded because of the reactionary politics of warlords who betrayed his original revolutionary hopes. He has decided to stop translating and writing, cut off contact with others and immerse himself in ancient books for the rest of his life. But he believes that he has abandoned the painful past, so he must listen to the voice of seeking compensation from the forgotten heart with fear.
The youth inspired by the "literary revolution" era revived an old poet who lost his youth in real life in an imaginary world (he was 38 years old at that time). His second youth was born in an absolute world.
He himself didn't clearly realize what the past voice was (refer to "passers-by" in Weeds). We imagined that he would write a memoir, Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening, including Fan Ainong (and other autobiographical articles), and strengthened his previous imagination by observing the events he encountered after he started his literary life.
The four articles collected in the second part show these. It consists of two events: the killing of Liu Hezhen, a female normal student by a warlord bureaucrat, and the killing of Rou Shi, his student, by a revolutionary bureaucrat. These two events are particularly important among all the events he encountered, and only these two events have caused a fatal blow to him.
Even among many dead people, including Fan Ainong, who shouted and ran by Lu Xun, Liu Hezhen and Rou Shi accounted for the largest proportion. There are many articles about these two events, and I only choose the main ones. Rou Shi incident, in particular, brought him irreparable regret in his later years, which can also be clearly understood by writing in the middle of the night rewritten the following year. If we don't consider the influence of the Rou Shi incident, we can't fully understand his miserable argument (referring to Xu Maoyong and the anti-Japanese United front).
The third part, on the one hand, we should consider the development of Lu Xun's thought, on the other hand, we should also worry about the amount of stylistic coordination, and we should also include representative comments in various periods. Therefore, due to the weight reduction, it is not sufficient.
Random thoughts was serialized in New Youth when Lu Xun started his literary career and began to write novels. The fourth part of the speech, from what happened after Nora left to Fairbury Should Slow Down, shows Lu Xun's early thoughts (Beijing era). At that time, he still believed in evolution and the possibility of transforming human nature. However, in On Fairbury Should Go Slow, he has begun to challenge leisure literature that is divorced from warlord politics, and he has provoked the first round of debate with the qualification of a new era. This debate started with Roses Without Flowers and ended with Roses Without Flowers II. That is, in "Three? When the "18th" reactionary offensive reached its peak, he took refuge in foreign hospitals. This is because the National Government issued arrest warrants for 50 progressive teachers in universities. So he left Beijing for Xiamen at the end of August this year. Frustrated in Xiamen, I went to Guangdong the following year 1 month. /kloc-0 left Beijing in August, 926, and/kloc-0 left Guangdong in August, 927, which was very important for Lu Xun's career.
Writing after the Grave and How to Write (One Night) show Lu Xun's vacillation in this period. At that time, the National Revolutionary Army aimed at overthrowing the Beijing warlord regime had set out from Guangdong and embarked on an expedition. Lu Xun, who arrived at the source of the revolution from "gray", quite avoided the turmoil of the revolution. During this period, the damage caused by the Revolution of 1911 15 years ago became more painful. As a result, the coup to split the country on April 1927 12 made his fears come true. "How to Write (One Night)" and "Little Miscellaneous Feelings" are the exterior and interior of his despair.
The two speeches included in the fourth part also represent this period. Literature in the revolutionary era is "four? Before "December 12th", he wrote in the wave of eulogizing revolution. The relationship between Wei and Jin demeanor and articles, medicine and wine was written after the revolutionary chaos, and I am afraid it was also after he determined his revenge determination.
How to Write (One Night) is not only of pre-writing significance, but also almost the only article he rarely reveals his literary theory, so he was selected. It is conceivable that the name "Night Talk" was probably intended to write a series of articles related to this literary theory, but it was not completed. On the other hand, the theory of "seeing truth in falsehood" proves that his own literature is not based on real life. 1927 10 months, Lu Xun probably decided his escape life. In the first few years after he settled in Shanghai, he continued to struggle with left-wing revolutionary literature. He was severely criticized and finally turned these criticisms into his own. Translating the works of Luna Karski and plekhanov is the product of this period. It was also during this period that his transformation became a problem. Has he changed? In this sense, he changed because he accepted the theory of class struggle and escaped from the shadow of evolution. But this is not a simple change of mind. This change, like that of Sun Wen, will not be a problem for Lu Xun. He is only interested in "four"? The victims of the "1212 incident" feel an infinite responsibility, which was strengthened by the Rou Shi incident.
1930, the establishment of the left-wing writers' union with him as the main member was an important event. But in his words, this is a defensive organization. Things in this period can be glimpsed through A Glimpse of Shanghai Literature and Art ... There are many articles representing this period, but I only left "Memories for Forgetting" and I won't write anything else.
His transformation is not a problem, as long as you compare "Little Miscellaneous Feeling" with "Banxia Quji", it will be nine years later. The debate at this time is similar to the revolutionary literature debate nine years ago, and its representative is Answering Xu Maoyong and Discussing the Anti-Japanese United Front. In his hospital bed, he led a few people to be opponents with the powerful forces in the literary world and never gave in. It can even be said that in order to write "Answering Xu Maoyong and Talking about the Anti-Japanese United Front", his death date was advanced. If we just read this article, we can see Lu Xun's attitude, but the general trend is not on Lu Xun's side. The people's enthusiasm for the anti-Japanese United front is the most urgent. At that time, no matter what the truth was, a few different parties were not allowed to exist. But Lu Xun refuted it and had to refute it. Why?
Xu Maoyong was once one of the young people who worshipped Lu Xun and took him as their teacher. If not, Lu Xun would not show that level of hatred. Moreover, if it weren't for Lu Xun, it wouldn't show that level of hatred. Shortening life expectancy is also to be refuted, not something related to his inner distress that cannot be "forgotten" but must be written down in the middle of the night. What could it be?
"The night is long and the road is long", but that can't be forgotten. Lu Xun's pain is not easy for him or others. That can only be left to nature. So, naturally, in June of 10, 19, peace was given to him and others.
The fifth part selects the main chapters from Lu Xun's Japanese articles. This is of commemorative significance to us. Moreover, it can be used as a supplement to the lack of articles in years before 1935. According to his own explanation, the three themes of "The 23 rd Incident about China" represent Japan, Manchukuo and China respectively, just like the prediction at the end of "I'm going to deceive people", which was generally difficult to find at that time.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/943, when the day I was afraid came, I was glad that my Miscellanies of Lu Xun had been completed. But I feel uneasy that I won't see the day when they become a book. I'm afraid, and I'm afraid of others. As a result, I survived until the miscellaneous notes were written into a book. /kloc-in the summer of 0/946, I was liberated from humiliation. I'm ashamed of my vague lifestyle, which I can't do anyway. I reread Lu Xun and spent that time. Thanks to Tanigawa Jun, who gave this book a chance to be published and also gave it to readers.