In historical records, Sima Qian talked about the surname of Qin Shihuang, and there are three:
The first surname is Yan, which can be found in Historical Records of Qin Benji. Sima Qian quoted Zhou as saying: "In the past, Bo Kun was the main animal of Shun, and the animal had much interest, so it had soil and was given its surname. Today, later generations also stopped their horses for me, and their land was a vassal. " Then, Sima Qian said, "The Qin Dynasty in the city made it possible to restore the worship of the Won family, which was called Qin Won." Sima Qian described Qin's lineage in Qin Benji, including Qin Shihuang, II and Zi Ying, and concluded: "Qin came first to seize the surname. Later, Guo Wei was enfeoffed, including Xu, Yong, Ju, Yun Yan, Tu Qiu, Huang, Jiang, Xiu Yu, Fei Lian and Qin. Qin, on the other hand, sealed Zhao Wei in the name of Zhao Fu. "
The second surname is Zhao, which can be found in Historical Records of Qin Shihuang: "Qin Shihuang is the son of Qin Zhuangxiang. King Xiang of Zhuang is the proton of Zhao and Qin. When he saw Ji, he accepted it and became emperor. In the first month of 48 years, Qin Zhao was born in Handan. Jisheng, named Zheng, surnamed Zhao. "
The third surname, Lu, is also found in Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor: "The weekly calendar has moved, and benevolence does not replace the mother. Qin is in his place, for abuse. " Tang Sima Zhen's "Suoyin": "Lu Zheng, the first emperor's government, was lucky that Ji was pregnant and gave birth to the first emperor, so the cloud."
To sum up, it is said that Qin Shihuang's surname wins is the total root; Saying that Qin Shihuang's surname is Zhao refers to his branch; To say that Qin Shihuang's surname is Lu means its essence. These three statements are all from Tai Shigong, and they are well-founded and well-founded. It is impossible to say which one is wrong.
What is Ying Zheng's last name?
Last name won.
The statements about Zhao surname and Lu surname in Ying Zheng cannot be used as the basis of surnames. Ying Zheng was born in Handan, Zhao. As a proton, he won all the strangers. What's more, the child surnamed Zhao is considered to be a post-victim. In ancient times, many people took their birth or residence as their surnames, but after Ying Zheng came to power, he had to reply to his surnames, otherwise Qin would not be a vassal of Zhao.
As for Ying Zheng's surname Lu, it is a descendant, which is totally nonsense. From the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty to the reunification of the Qin Dynasty, the Qin people were regarded as barbarians, and * * * was ruled by barbarians. Naturally, it was necessary to find a balance in thought, just as it was rumored in the late Qing Dynasty that Qianlong was * * *.
According to the legend of Ying Zheng's surname Lu, she was already pregnant for two months when she gave it to the winning alien. Even if he has the ability to give birth to a boy and a girl in Lv Buwei, will he be able to have the baby born in two months? Won a different wife and gave birth in eight months. Will such a cheap father feel at ease? Lv Buwei and Evonne's heads had already been cut off, so Ying Zheng didn't need to kill his brother and mother. Won surname source: in ancient times, there were surnames and surnames, and surnames were divided into two.
The surname is the emblem of the big clan tribal group, and the surname is the symbol of the small clan branch divided by the surname. The combination of surnames began in Qin and Han Dynasties.
"Won" surname is one of the eight surnames in ancient China (Jiang, Ji, Yao, Won, Yi, Pregnant and Yi), belonging to the 14th surname of Won (mainly including Lian, Xu, Jiang, Qin, Zhao, Huang and Liang). Tracing back to the origin of the won surname, we can trace it back to the great-grandson Boyi and Zhuan Xu of Levin. Boyi, who was given the won surname by Shun, regarded the mysterious bird as a totem.
Although the ancestor of the won surname in the records is the given surname, according to the fact that the won surname is one of the eight ancient surnames, it is equivalent to the Yellow Emperor (Ji surname) and is a very distinguished surname.
What is the surname of Qin Shihuang?
Qin Shihuang (259 BC-2 BC10) was the first founding emperor of the Qin Dynasty to unify China.
Later generations called it "an emperor through the ages." Last name won, Zheng Ming.
Han nationality, the son of Wang Xiang in Qinzhuang, was born in Zhao, so his surname is Zhao. In the pre-Qin period, surnames were not uniform. Men said their surnames and women said their surnames, so Qin Shihuang was called Zhao Zheng. In 246 BC, Qin Shihuang 13 was king. In 238 BC, when Qin Shihuang was 22 years old, an adult coronation ceremony was held in the ancient capital Yongcheng. Since then, he has officially ascended the throne. At the age of 39, he completed the great historical cause of reunifying China and proclaimed himself emperor.
In the first 246 years, the King of Qin ascended the throne, and because he was young, he was in charge of the Empress Dowager and Prime Ministers Lv Buwei and Lao Ai. In the first 238 years (the ninth year of the King of Qin), the King of Qin ruled personally, getting rid of Lu, Mao and others, and reusing Li Si and Mao. From 230 BC to the first 22 1 year, the six countries of Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi were destroyed successively, and the great cause of unifying the whole country was completed, and the first unification, unification,
Qin believes that his contribution has surpassed that of the previous Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and he calls himself the "Emperor". He has done right and wrong all his life, and he is called "Qin Huang Hanwu" with Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
According to Sima Qian's Biography of Historical Records of Lv Buwei, Qin Shihuang's mother was the daughter of general Zhao, and she was a concubine before giving Qin Shihuang. For political purposes, Lv Buwei gave Zhao Ji, who was pregnant, to an alien (that is, the king of Qin Zhuang). Later, Evonne became pregnant and gave birth in1February, giving birth to politics, but in fact she was the illegitimate child of Lv Buwei and Evonne. According to the research results of modern medicine [source request], it is rare to be pregnant for twelve months; At the same time, menopause as a sign of pregnancy will also be suspected by strangers.
So it is possible that Sima Qian made mistakes in Historical Records. ) Ying Zheng is an underrated son of protons. He spent his boyhood in Handan, the capital of Zhao. At this time, the aliens have returned to Qin through mediation and recognized Mrs. Huayang as their mother. After many political struggles, he finally won the trust of Huayang. Spent a lot of energy and money to take Evonne and her son back to Qin, and Ying Zheng started his political career in Qin king Palace.
King Xiang of Zhuang ascended the throne for three years (the first 247 years). When King Xiang died, he proclaimed himself King Qin. When he acceded to the throne, because he was young, national politics was dominated by Prime Minister Lv Buwei, and Lv Buwei was honored as Guan Zhong.
Lv Buwei not only controls the imperial court, but also has an affair with the Empress Dowager (Evonne). Seeing that Qin Shihuang was old and afraid of being discovered by him, he gave false eunuch Laoyi to the Queen Mother.
As a result, the Queen Mother gave birth to two illegitimate children, and Laoyi, a false eunuch, assumed the title of Wangfu, made a long letter, owned Yang Shan, Taiyuan and other places, and collected his own henchmen. Laoai has been operating in Yongcheng for many years and has established a huge force.
In the first 238 years, Qin Shihuang held a coronation ceremony at Yongnian Palace in Yongcheng. Lao Ai used the decree to launch a rebellion and attack the Hall of Prayer for the New Year.
Qin Shihuang had already arranged 3000 elite soldiers in the Prayer Palace to defeat the rebels. Lao Ai moved to Xianyang Palace, where there was already an army. Lao Ai fled alone and was arrested soon.
Qin Shihuang dismembered Lao Ai's five horses and made them public. Put his mother Zhao Ji in the Luyang Palace in Yongcheng. Qin Shihuang then dismissed Lv Buwei and exiled Lv Buwei to Bashu.
Abolish the enfeoffment system nationwide and replace it with the county system; Under the direct control of the emperor, a whole set of bureaucracy was established from the central government to the counties. On the basis of the original laws and decrees of Qin, it absorbed some provisions of the laws of the six countries and formulated and promulgated unified laws.
The nobles before the Six Kingdoms were moved to Guanzhong and Bashu to prevent their separatist activities. It also explicitly prohibits the collection of weapons by the people, destroys the confiscated weapons, and casts 12 gold men.
Later, although the nobles of the State of Qin listened to their words and issued an "expulsion order" to expel the diners from the six countries, they were discouraged by Li Si's "persuasion and expulsion" and later appointed Wei Liaozi, Li Si and others. Luxurious Life Soon after Qin Shihuang ascended the throne, he began to send people to design and build the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang.
After the unification of the six countries, the luxurious Epang Palace was built immediately, with a maximum of 720,000 workers (imaginary number means a large number). Before Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, there were many palaces, but during the period of unifying the six countries, the construction was even stronger. Every time a country is destroyed, it is necessary to copy its palace buildings near Xianyang, and the total area has reached an amazing level. The whole Guanzhong area, from the north of Weihe River to the east of Yong Men, to the Jinghe area, is full of palaces.
After reunification, Epang Palace (also known as Gong Chao, formerly known as Epang Palace) was built on the south bank of Weihe River, and more than 700,000 migrant workers are employed every year. Although some people argue that these people are guilty, the proportion of 700 thousand is amazing compared with the national population of only 20 million at that time. The Forbidden City can hold100000 people, and it needs horses and chariots to transport food and wine inside. The area of only one vestibule is 693m from east to west, with a width of 116m from north to south, with a pedestal as high as11.65m and seating capacity of110,000 people.
However, the archaeological team of Epang Palace, which was jointly formed by the Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology of Xi City, found that Epang Palace was not built at all, and the foundation stone of this palace was laid only in the Qin Dynasty. In addition, there are Xingle Palace and Liangshan Palace.
According to Three Ancient Stories, there are "145 Chinese and foreign temples" in the State of Qin. According to Records of the Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor, the State of Qin has "300 palaces inside Shanhaiguan, more than 400 outside Shanhaiguan", in addition to "within 200 Li of Xianyang" and "270 palaces".
Where there is a palace, there must be a beautiful woman. When the Six Kingdoms perished, beautiful women from all countries were plundered and put into the built palaces. According to Sanfu's old records, there are more than 10,000 women in the harem, and they are angry.
Moreover, after the death of Qin Shihuang, most of these maids were forced to die. Lishan Tomb was built when the King of Qin ascended the throne. It lasted for more than 30 years and was built by 700,000 workers every year.
The tomb now preserved has a circumference of 2000 meters and a height of 55 meters. The interior decoration is extremely luxurious, the roof is cast in copper, the mercury is the rivers and lakes, and the organs are full.
Moreover, the craftsmen who built the mausoleum were buried alive after the completion of the mausoleum. In order to live forever, he sent alchemist Xu (that is, Xu Fu) to lead thousands of boys and girls to the East China Sea to seek immortality. It has consumed huge financial and human resources and deepened people's suffering.
37 years after death (2 10 years ago).
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In 238 BC, when Qin Shihuang was 2 1 year old, an adult coronation ceremony was held in Yongcheng, the ancient capital, and he was officially enthroned as a "pro-government official". At the age of 39, he completed the historic task of reunifying China and proclaimed himself emperor. In the first 247 years, the King of Qin ascended the throne, because the Queen Mother, Prime Ministers Lv Buwei and Lao Ai were in charge of state affairs at a young age. In the first 238 years (the ninth year of the King of Qin), the King of Qin ruled personally, getting rid of Lu, Mao and others, and reusing Li Si and Mao. From 230 BC to the first 22 1 year, the six countries of Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi were destroyed successively, thus completing the great cause of reunifying the whole country and establishing the first unified and unified Qin Dynasty. He believed that his contribution was better than that of the previous three emperors and five emperors, and he called himself the "emperor". He has done right and wrong all his life, and he is called "Qin Huang Hanwu" with Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
What is the surname of Qin Shihuang?
In 77 1 year BC, Qin Xianggong, the descendant of Fei Zi, sent troops to escort Zhou Pingdong back, so Zhou Pingwang gave him the land west of Qishan and made him a vassal. The state of Qin was established. 5 12 years later, in 259 BC, Qin Shihuang was born in Handan, Zhao. Here, there are two questions to answer.
First, is Zhao He a family?
I can't seem to say that. Because the surnames handed down in China can be traced back to the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Di tribe. If you think so, it's really brothers all over the world.
Second, why was Qin Shihuang surnamed Zhao?
As mentioned earlier, the surnames of the ancients became confused later. Take the surname as the surname. At this time, the surname is not as strict as today's son's father's surname to show his lineage. Except for princes and nobles, in order to trace his origin, history books will specifically mention his surname and surname, and other people's surnames are established and can be changed constantly. For example, Shang Yang's ancestor's surname is Ji, just like Qin's old ancestor. Businessmen call him. He is the son of the king who defends the country. As we said before, the ancients could take the generations of the royal family as their surnames, and Shang Yang was also named Gongsun, or called Gongsun Yang. How did the surname Gongsun come from? It may be that Shang Yang's grandfather was in office when he was a child, and the general servants called him Sun Zi. Gradually, Gongsun became the surname of Shang Yang. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were many people named Gongsun, who were not descendants of one father. Because he is the son of Weiguo, some people call him Wei Yang. Shang Yang was later sealed in Shang Lu by Qin Xiaogong, so people called him the master of Shang Lu. He changed his surname to Shang. Although it can change constantly, there is a rule, which is to take a decent and distinguished surname.
Qin Shihuang was born in Zhao. His mother is the daughter of a rich family in Zhao, and her surname is Evonne. After Qin Shihuang was born, his father fled back to Qin, and Qin Shihuang became an orphan, living with his mother and becoming a child of the Zhao family. People used to call him Zhao, and Zhao became his surname. Therefore, the history books record that Qin Shihuang's surname is Zhao. Later, when he became the king of Qin, he won a better surname than Zhao, so he changed his surname and won. Can Zhao Wang win by changing his surname? No, because the winning surname was specially given to Qin people in Qin by Zhou.
However, one thing is certain: although the ancestors of Zhao and Qin originated in Zhuan Xu, just as our ancestors can be traced back to the Yellow Emperor and He, at least in 890 BC, when the concubine was named Qin, Qin and Zhao had already parted ways, and it was inappropriate to call them a family. "It was a family 500 years ago" is just a joke. Qin Shihuang's surname is Zhao, which does not prevent his surname from winning.
What is the surname of Qin Shihuang?
China History, the first volume of nine-year compulsory education compiled by the History Department of People's Education Publishing House, says on page 70: "From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, Ying Zheng, king of Qin, successively destroyed the six eastern countries and established the first unified centralized feudal country in China history."
However, some teachers think that "later generations should be called the first emperor, not Ying Zheng" according to Historical Records of Qin Shihuang, Huai Nan Zi Ren Xun and Gao, so the textbooks are wrong.
In ancient times, surnames were different. The surname is the family number, which represents the racial appellation with the same blood relationship; Surname is the symbol of ancient aristocratic clans and a branch of surnames. Zhang's History of China Customs Part I Hunpu Times Section VI Discrimination of Names and Surnames said: "Surnames are origins, so the lineage of Ming Dynasty is different from other races; My family is still at home, so my family is at home. So a surname is divided into dozens and hundreds. " Surnames began in matriarchal times and remained relatively stable after their formation. History began in the paternal era and often changed with the change of historical conditions, and the situation was more complicated. Ying Shao of Han Dynasty said in "Custom Yi Tong": "Gai's surname is nine, or his surname is counting. Or the surname is Yu Ji, or Yu Jue, or Yu Guo, or Yu Guan, or Yu Zi, or Yu Zhai, or Yu Zhi. " This passage tells the main source of the stone. There are both differences and connections between surnames. However, "surnames change repeatedly, and surnames remain unchanged for thousands of years" (Gu). The ancients knew long ago that "men and women have the same surname, and their lives are not unusual." The Preface of Tongzhi Imperial Clans records the ancient marriage custom: "People with different surnames can get married; If the surnames are different, the marriage is impassable. " After the Warring States Period, surnames and surnames were gradually mixed. So far, when it comes to surnames, they all mean surnames, and surnames are no different from surnames. Gu said in "Rizhilu Clan Records": "The names of surnames have been mixed into one family since Taishigong". The Historical Records written by Sima Qian was originally named Taishi Gongshu. Gu's "Tai Shigong" here refers to Sima Qian. In historical records, Sima Qian talked about the surname of Qin Shihuang, and there are three:
The first surname is Yan, which can be found in Historical Records of Qin Benji. Sima Qian quoted Zhou as saying: "In the past, Bo Kun was the main animal of Shun, and the animal had much interest, so it had soil and was given its surname. Today, later generations also stopped their horses for me, and their land was a vassal. " Then, Sima Qian said, "The Qin Dynasty in the city made it possible to restore the worship of the Won family, which was called Qin Won." Sima Qian described Qin's lineage in Qin Benji, including Qin Shihuang, II and Zi Ying, and concluded: "Qin came first to seize the surname. Later, Guo Wei was enfeoffed, including Xu, Yong, Ju, Yun Yan, Tu Qiu, Huang, Jiang, Xiu Yu, Fei Lian and Qin. Qin, on the other hand, sealed Zhao Wei in the name of Zhao Fu. "
The second surname is Zhao, which can be found in Historical Records of Qin Shihuang: "Qin Shihuang is the son of Qin Zhuangxiang. King Xiang of Zhuang is the proton of Zhao and Qin. When he saw Ji, he accepted it and became emperor. In the first month of 48 years, Qin Zhao was born in Handan. Jisheng, named Zheng, surnamed Zhao. "
The third surname, Lu, is also found in Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor: "The weekly calendar has moved, and benevolence does not replace the mother. Qin is in his place, for abuse. " Tang Sima Zhen's "Suoyin": "Lu Zheng, the first emperor, was fortunate that Ji was pregnant and gave birth to Zhuang Xiang Wang, so it was a cloud."
To sum up, it is said that Qin Shihuang's surname wins is the total root; Saying that Qin Shihuang's surname is Zhao refers to his branch; To say that Qin Shihuang's surname is Lu means its essence. These three statements are all from Tai Shigong, and they are well-founded and well-founded. It is impossible to say which one is wrong.
But these three surnames were all used in Qin Shihuang, and the won surname was the most common. I have quoted the works of famous Chinese and foreign historians before, and when talking about Qin Shihuang, I used the surname "Won". Even in ancient China, many people said that the surname of Qin Shihuang won. Tao Yuanming, a great poet in the Jin Dynasty, began his famous poem "Peach Blossom Garden" with "The Yuan family was in chaos, and the sages avoided the world". In Ode to Jing Ke, he said: "yan dan is good at plowing the soil and is determined to win a great victory." It is precisely because scholars at all times and all over the world have mentioned that Qin Shihuang often called him the surname of Won, so Ci Hai interpreted the term "Qin Shihuang" as "Ying Zheng …" and did not say that Qin Shihuang was "Zhao Zheng" or "Zheng Lu". In addition, Ci Hai also contains the word "winning Qin" and explains: "It refers to the ancient Qin State or Qin Dynasty, which was named after Qin was the winning surname." The poet Gao Chen wrote in the poem "Feeling Xing": "Shang Jun won the Qin Dynasty and changed the soil into security." On the contrary, "Zhao Qi" or "Lv Qin" is not in Ci Hai. Adopting the most common and popular expression is the general principle that textbooks should follow. So do popular historical works.
What is the surname of Qin Shihuang?
It is said that Ying Zheng is the illegitimate child of Lv Buwei.
For thousands of years, there have been many stories about Qin Shihuang's success in politics. Among them, the most popular legend is that Qin Shihuang is the illegitimate child of Lv Buwei, because there are similar records in authoritative historical books such as Historical Records and History as a Mirror. The author of Hanshu even called Qin Shao Shi "Lv Zheng" directly, so later generations hold this view. The meaning of this sentence is that Lv Buwei, a wealthy businessman in Weiguo, is good at business and ambitious. One year, he was active in Handan, the capital of Zhao State, and met Proton Chu, a person sent by Qin State to Zhao State. Zi Chu was the son of Guo Jun, the king of Qin at that time. Lv Buwei thinks that Zi Chu can be used, so he tries his best to get close to him and please him. Lv Buwei first won the crown prince status for Zi Chu through Mrs Huayang, Ann Guo Jun's favorite princess, and then found a stunning beauty for him. This beautiful woman is Lv Buwei's beloved concubine. Zi Chu became pregnant and died soon. This beautiful woman gave birth to a son named Ying Zheng for Zi Chu. After Guo Jun's death, Zichu succeeded to the throne, and after Zi Chu's death, he succeeded to the throne. It was the later Qin Shihuang who won the government.
However, some people doubt this statement. Wang Shizhen, a historian of the Ming Dynasty, believes that this story was invented by Lv Buwei to maintain its prosperity.
Guo Moruo, the former president of China Academy of Sciences and a famous historian, believes that this statement began in the early Western Han Dynasty. This was fabricated and spread by Zhu Law in order to create public opinion and Lv Hou in order to seize power. Its purpose is to show that the world belongs to the Lu family. Now that it has been taken away by the Liu family, it should be taken back by the Lu family.
Which of the above statements is reliable is still inconclusive, and the life experience of Qin Shihuang is still a mystery.
What is the surname of Qin Shihuang?
Hu Hai and Fu Su are just names, so we can't say that we won their real names, because we have to avoid the emperor's surname. When Hu Hai takes Fu Su, including Qin Sanshi, it is called Zi Ying. I hope it helps you.
Mu Gong (? -62 1) The monarch of the State of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period, whose surname was Ren Hao Qin Xiaogong (38 1-338), and the King Huiwen of Qin in Quliang (356 BC-365438 BC+0 BC1), whose surname was Won. Son of Qin (and Qin are half-brothers) Qin (324 BC-2,565,438 BC+0 BC): the surname won is a Ji, the son of Qin (302 BC-250 BC): the surname won is Qin's son Wang (former) Qin Shihuang (259 BC-250 BC)