original text
Among the paintings of Niu Shu, Du, who is good at painting and calligraphy, has collected hundreds of pieces. There is also Dai Song's "Bull" Axis, which is particularly popular. It is covered with precious stones, and it is often followed by itself. One day, when the painting and calligraphy were exposed, a shepherd boy saw it and clapped his hands and said with a smile, "This painting is also a bullfight! The bull's fighting power is in the horn and its tail is between the two stocks. Today is another fight, ridiculous! " Chu Shi laughed it off. There is an old saying: "Ask the slaves when you farm, and ask the maids when you weave." Cannot change
To annotate ...
1, selected from Dongpo Zhi Lin written by Su Shi (one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, Zi Zi Zhan, Dongpo lay man, Sichuanese).
2. Good: I like it
3. Treasure: Treasure
4. Kit Jade Axis: Take jade as the axis and put it into the kit. Bao (náng): Bao. This refers to painting sleeves.
5. exposure: exposure to the sun
6. clap your hands.
7. Chu: contraction.
8. Flip your tail: cock your tail.
9. However: I think it's right.
10, maid (b √): maid.
translate
There is a Adu Chu Shi in Sichuan who likes painting and calligraphy. He has a collection of hundreds of paintings and calligraphy. One of them is a painted cow, which is especially cherished by Du. He made scrolls out of jade, packed them in a tool kit and always carried them with him. One day, he spread out his calligraphy and painting to bask in the sun. A shepherd boy saw the cow painted by Dai Song, clapped his hands and said with a smile, "This painting is for bullfighting! The power of bullfighting is used in the horn, and the tail is tightly sandwiched between the legs. Now the cows in this painting are fighting with their tails up, no! " Du smiled and thought what he said was very reasonable. There is an old saying: "The tiller asks the farmer, and the weaver asks the weaver." This truth will not change.
Distinguish and appreciate
A cow painted by Dai Song tells us that we should observe things carefully and don't imagine them out of thin air. Don't be superstitious about authority, start from objective facts and ask for help because of things. Everyone has his own specialty.
The first sentence of this paper points out Du Fu's love and rich collection of calligraphy and painting, and then points out that "Ox Axis" is a special treasure of Du Fu, and writes the position of this painting in Du Fu's mind concisely and vividly with the words "smooth axe". Then get down to business. When writing Du Fu's hanging painting, a shepherd boy "clapped his hands and laughed" at such a rare treasure, and pointed out the mistake in the painting-"broken tail fighting". With the unique innocence and familiarity with life of the shepherd boy, on the one hand, the reason for the mistake is explained-"the power of bullfighting lies in the horn, and the tail is dragged into two strands"; On the other hand, through "Is this painting a bullfight?" The positive conclusion of "one question and one fallacy" shows the theme of the full text in a teasing way, which makes Du have to "laugh it off". Finally, quoting the old saying "Ask the slave when farming and the maid when weaving" further reveals the truth of practical knowledge. Although there are only a few words in the full text, the innocence of the shepherd boy and the open-mindedness of Chu Shi are vivid, concise and interesting.
This paper points out the mistake of Dai Song, a great painter, who painted a cow through a shepherd boy, and clearly shows that the truth of true knowledge comes from practice, which is simple and intriguing. At the same time, using fable method, the truth of "practice makes true knowledge" is contained in a seemingly ordinary story, which is thought-provoking.
Artistic, this article has the following characteristics:
First of all, the story is concise and vivid. There are not many words in the full text, but it can capture people's hearts. First, write Du Zang's "Niu Yi Axis", which is one in a hundred, beautifully framed and carried with you, so that the painting is carried very high, but it falls heavily when it is carried high; Then, the shepherd boy, who is very familiar with cows, saw the flaw of the famous painting at a glance and pointed out its distortion and fallacy. The value of the famous painting plummeted and lost its luster. The contrast before and after is very different, which makes people feel moved, sorry, ridiculous and regretful.
Secondly, this paper uses the language form of characters to express their images. The shepherd boy saw this famous picture of a cow and asked without thinking, "Is this picture a bullfight?" By asking questions, it is pointed out that this painting is a "bullfighting picture". Because the shepherd boy is familiar with the cow's habits and knows the position of the cow's tail during the "bullfight", he went on to say: "The bull is fighting between the horn and the tail, and its tail twitches." The "bullfighting" in the painting is not, which is not in line with the normal state of "bullfighting" and violates the reality of life. Therefore, the shepherd boy broke a sentence and clearly pointed out: "It is wrong to lose your tail and fight now!" This is what experts say, and people in other industries can't say it. On the point of "knowing the cow", the image of a shepherd boy who is higher than the painter is vividly on the paper. Different characters have different languages. It is a common way to express characters in their own language. This paper can show the prototype of the novel in this way, which can be said to be the "bud" of the novel. Perhaps it is necessary to regard this kind of essays as ancient "mini-novels". The same is true of modality. Through the description of the characters' modality, the characters' images can be naturally expressed. For example, the two kinds of smiles in the article, namely "Clap your hands and laugh" and "Chu Shi laugh", have different contents: the former sentence "Clap your hands and laugh" is that the shepherd boy laughs at the painter's distortion, and he is proud that he can point out his absurdity; With that, Du's "smile" barely smiled. The famous painting he cherished was pointed out by the shepherd boy, whose words were right and could not be refuted. Du had to agree with a smile.
Finally, this paper quotes an old saying "The tiller is a slave, and the weaver is a maid", which is just right and plays a great role in the article: First, point out the topic. "Ask slaves when plowing, and ask maids when weaving" means "Ask shepherds when painting cows", which fully affirms that shepherds are familiar with life and criticize famous paintings properly. At the end of the article, the author points out the topic by quoting classics, which not only highlights the theme, but also sublimates it, which is of universal significance. Second, the end. Quoting the end of the old saying is memorable and memorable. Third, fine the police. The old saying quoted in this paper, with the word * * *, can be said to be a beautiful "epigram", which is much more concise and vivid than the author's own words, thus saving words and achieving much better results.
Creation background
This article was written in the first year of Xining (1068), and Su Shi returned to Shu because of his father's death. It is said that the writing time of this article is unknown, which may have been written by Su Shi when he was a bachelor of Hanlin in the capital during the Yuan You period.
Famous comments
Zhu Jinghua, executive director of China Su Shi Research Association: In Dai Song's Painting Cow, Su Shi criticized Dai Song's Painting Cow for its distortion, which was the result of the painter's "no judgment". An artist, even an educated painter like Dai Song, will become a laughingstock and even be laughed at by a shepherd boy if he can't observe a certain detail of life accurately enough. Su Shi quoted the old saying "plow the fields and ask slaves;" "Ask the maid when weaving", that is, he advocates learning from working people with practical experience, which shows his progressive artistic view. (Comment on Su Dongpo's Fable)
Gao Keqin, President of Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House: This article tells the story of a shepherd boy who pointed out the mistakes made by the famous painter Dai Song when painting cows. It vividly shows that the person who has the most say in a certain aspect of life is the one with the most practical experience, and advocates the style of asking questions without shame. The article is less than 100 words. First, I wrote about Du's love for "Niu" painting, and then I wrote about the shepherd boy's wrong criticism of this painting. Finally, quote two old sayings to point out the main idea of writing. Full-text narrative, vivid description, text is not annoying. (Prose of Northern Song Dynasty)
Brief introduction of the author
Su Shi (1037-110/year) was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). In the second year of Jiayou (1057), there were other scholars, except Sheren in Hanmo, Bachelor in Hanlin, Bachelor in Duanming Hall and Shangshu in Libu. He has been sentenced to Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and Yingzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Huangzhou was relegated to Huizhou and Danzhou by libel law. Song Huizong, forgive me. Died in Changzhou, chasing Wenzhong. Dongpo and Dongpo's Ci have seven episodes.