Progress and Prospects of Clinical Nursing Research in my country
Abstract: Clinical nursing is a science that studies the theory and practice of clinical nursing and is an important part of nursing. The scope of clinical nursing research includes clinical nursing theory, clinical nursing technology, emergency nursing, intensive care, psychological nursing and nurse-patient relationship, new medical technology, new business cooperation nursing, etc. The purpose of clinical nursing research is to promote the development of clinical nursing theory and practice and promote the update of clinical nursing theory and technology. [1]
Clinical nursing is a science that studies the theory and practice of clinical nursing and is an important part of nursing. The scope of clinical nursing research includes clinical nursing theory, clinical nursing technology, emergency nursing, intensive care, psychological nursing and nurse-patient relationship, new medical technology, new business cooperation nursing, etc. The purpose of clinical nursing research is to promote the development of clinical nursing theory and practice and promote the innovation of clinical nursing theory and technology; [1] At the same time, it has practical significance for directly improving nursing work. my country's clinical nursing research work mainly started in the late 1970s. Especially after the restoration of higher nursing education in the 1980s, nursing scientific research courses were included in the teaching plan, which equipped students with scientific research and writing skills and laid a solid foundation for future nursing scientific research work. Base. At the same time, the emergence of nursing academic journals also promoted the development of nursing research. [2]
1. Progress of clinical nursing research in my country
1.1. Research on clinical nursing theory
1.1.1. Research on basic clinical nursing theory
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In terms of basic theory, we have introduced some advanced nursing concepts from abroad and combined them with China's national conditions to form a theoretical system suitable for guiding clinical nursing, such as: life course nursing model, adaptation model, Behavioral system model, interpersonal relationship model, self-care model and multicultural model, etc. [3] The general characteristic of these models is that they break through disease-centered care and shift to person-centered holistic care with people, environment, health, and nursing as the basic concepts, realizing a change in nursing concepts. At the same time, the nursing process (including estimation, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation) is applied to all aspects of clinical work. Nursing procedures are systematic, dynamic and universally applicable, which play a certain role in promoting clinical work. Especially the application of nursing diagnosis is a leap in nursing epistemology. Nursing diagnosis is the judgment of existing or potential physical and psychological health problems by nursing staff after evaluation within the scope of the division of nursing functions. It is the nursing staff who formulates care plans for patients, selects nursing measures and carries out The basis for nursing evaluation is the 128 nursing diagnoses adopted by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) clinically in my country. [4] The research on these basic theories plays a guiding role in clinical work.
1.1.2 Research on clinical nursing specialty theory
Based on experience and scientific research conducted in clinical work, nursing staff have proposed some new specialist nursing concepts. The introduction of these new concepts has enriched clinical nursing theory, promoted the development of clinical nursing, and played a certain guiding role in clinical nursing operations. In terms of basic care, Hao Yonghong et al.[5] raised doubts about the traditional treatment methods of intravenous extravasation through research on experimental animals. Experimental results show that early treatment of extravasation should be cold compress. After using cold compress, local swelling subsides quickly and can reduce the damage of local tissue caused by drugs. In terms of geriatric care, Zhu Meihua et al.[6] proposed through research the axillary temperature of the elderly. Standard values ??are different from those for young adults. The axillary temperature of the elderly is lower than the normal range, but their core body temperature is not low. Whether the elderly have fever cannot be determined simply by the measured axillary temperature and the usual standards. It is recommended that if the axillary temperature exceeds 36.3 degrees, the rectal temperature should be measured at the same time to avoid missing a fever diagnosis; in terms of care for patients with pulmonary edema, Jiang Xiuwen et al. [7] used humidified oxygen with different alcohol concentrations to improve hypoxia caused by pulmonary edema. Experimental studies have found that 20% alcohol concentration works best as a humidifier. At the same time, it was pointed out that the explanation of the alcohol defoaming mechanism simply by reducing the surface tension of the foam in the alveoli is not comprehensive enough, and is also related to the foam material itself, which challenges the traditional theory; in terms of pediatric nursing, Li Huizhang [8] Discussion on the length of the indwelling tube, it is believed that the conventional method of measuring the length of the indwelling gastric tube reaches the cardia and cannot achieve the purpose of gastrointestinal decompression. The indwelling gastric tube measured at the length of "mid-forehead hairline - umbilicus" can achieve the purpose of gastrointestinal decompression after surgery. Through practice, the view in the textbook has been changed.
1.2 Research on clinical nursing technology
The development of medical science and technology has promoted the progress of clinical nursing technology. By reviewing literature, conducting scientific experiments, and improving traditional clinical nursing operations, nursing workers not only save manpower and material resources, but are also more conducive to the recovery of patients' diseases and truly achieve the purpose of promoting the recovery of patients' diseases.
Regarding the method of collecting specimens, Fan Lifeng et al. [9] conducted a "Research on the Improvement of Methods for Collecting 24-Hour Urine Glucose Quantitative Specimens", which improved the traditional method of collecting urine samples. After the improvement, the urine specimens collected not only have high accuracy, but also have high procedures. Simplified, it also reduces the chance of contamination in the ward due to large amounts of urine retention, and at the same time reduces the workload of cleaning and disinfecting urine tanks; in terms of promoting early recovery of patients, Mao Xiuying et al. [10] studied 227 gynecological abdominal surgery patients. Research has found that if the urinary catheter is removed on the evening of the day of surgery, the success rate of spontaneous urination is 97%, indicating that it is feasible to remove the urinary catheter on the same day, which is beneficial to preventing urinary tract infections and is conducive to the patient's activities and recovery. Shi Yan et al. [11] studied the bed rest time after pacemaker installation and proposed the method of fixing the patient's shoulder and elbow joint on the surgical side, semi-recumbent position for 6 hours after the operation, and getting out of bed after 24 hours. Compared with the conventional strict bed rest for 3 days, Shi Yan et al.[11] , no case of electrode displacement occurred. At the same time, the incidence of abdominal distension and constipation was significantly reduced, and the hospitalization days were shortened to 3 days. In terms of positional care, Ni Xiuhua [12] studied the position of neonatal pneumonia and found that after using the prone position, The partial pressure of oxygen in the blood of children increased and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreased, indicating that the prone position is better than the supine position and is helpful for the treatment of pneumonia. In terms of preventing hair loss in patients caused by chemotherapy drugs, Li Lichao et al. [13] found through research that the head and neck Continuous cold compress on the head can effectively prevent hair loss caused by chemotherapy drugs.
1.3 Research on clinical nursing information
Computers have the advantages of large information storage, fast processing speed, small size and convenience. The introduction of computers into the nursing field has attracted the attention of the majority of nursing staff. [14] In recent years, nursing staff and computer engineering technicians have cooperated to develop many practical nursing software. The clinical nursing information systems that have been developed so far include: a system for formulating nursing plans and collecting nursing records in responsible nursing; a medical order information management system; a comprehensive ward management information system; a nutrition monitoring system for patients using ventilators; a nursing diagnosis system; a nursing literature database and Retrieval system; Nursing knowledge examination question bank system, etc. The development and application of these software frees nursing staff from heavy paperwork and saves a lot of time for caring for patients. At the same time, it also enables nursing staff to obtain a large amount of nursing information accurately and conveniently, promoting the development of clinical nursing research work.
1.4 Research on clinical nursing psychology[15]
With the change of nursing model, in clinical nursing, nurses not only care for the patient's disease, but also understand The patient's psychological state, and overall physical and mental care of the patient. At the same time, with the continuous deepening of research on nursing psychology theory and psychological nursing methods, case studies of clinical psychological nursing have been gradually carried out in recent years. For example, in order to understand the relationship between the psychological stress of patients after being attacked by stressors and their personality, age, gender, occupation, culture, disease, etc., Ma Yinnan of Tianjin Medical College randomly sampled surgical patients in the hospital and applied the "Hospital Stress Scale" " and "Eysenck Personality Questionnaire" surveyed 121 patients, and then analyzed the results to understand the personality characteristics of each patient. On this basis, targeted measures were taken to strengthen psychological care and promote the patient's recovery. In clinical psychological nursing research work, nursing staff also conducted research on psychological nursing procedures and evaluation systems. For example, the 85th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army used experimental research methods and used the mental health self-rating scales (SDS and SAS) compiled by ZUNG as clinical testing methods to conduct exploratory research on the construction of psychological nursing procedures and methods. The experiment adopts the self-control design method before and after nursing to implement psychological nursing procedures for patients, including the assessment stage, psychological nursing diagnosis stage, goal setting stage, measure selection stage, and implementation stage. The results show that psychological nursing has positive significance in the regulation and control of depression and anxiety.