Sun Tzu's Art of War has a good reputation because it put forward some important principles about the use of troops more than two thousand years ago. F
Sun Tzu's Art of War has a good reputation because it put forward some important principles about the use of troops more than two thousand years ago. For example, "if you defeat a soldier without fighting, one good turn deserves another." The purpose of fighting is not to kill more people. If you can win without fighting, it is the best policy to use troops.
Sun Tzu's Art of War also emphasizes that in war, we should learn to take advantage of the dominant situation and "take it by surprise"; In the war, we should understand that "winning for a long time is not expensive"; Military leaders should have a deep understanding of the enemy and the enemy, because "knowing ourselves and knowing each other is invincible." All these principles are of great significance to military practice at present and in today's world.
Sun Tzu's The Art of War is a systematic and comprehensive military work. Although each article only talks about one question, thirteen articles are an organic whole. So when learning thirteen articles, don't split each one. War is a whole, so is the theory of war.
A Brief Introduction to Sun Tzu's Art of War
The Art of War written by Sun Wu. Sun Wuzi was born in the State of Qi at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. His date of birth and death is not recorded in history, which is roughly the same as that of Kong Qiu. He is a descendant of his son Wan. Chen Wan fled to Qi due to civil strife and changed his surname to Chen. Shu Tian, the fifth grandson of Tianwan and Sun Wu's grandfather, was awarded the New Tang Book for his "meritorious service in cutting Ju" (now Huimin, Shandong)? The prime minister's lineage table "). Later, due to the political turmoil in Qi, Sun Wu moved from Qi to Wu. On the recommendation of Wu Zixu, he introduced himself to He Lv, the prince of Wu, with Thirteen Articles on the Art of War, and was reused as a general by the prince of Wu to help him govern the national army. "The west breaks the strong Chu and enters Ying; Northern Jin Dynasty, a famous warlord and grandson, was in power for a while (Historical Records? Sun Wuchuan)
Sun Tzu's Art of War, also known as Sun Wu's Art of War, is the greatest ancient military book in China, and the earliest extant one of the "Seven Books on Military Classics" issued by the court in Song Dynasty. It was created by Sun Wu and later edited by disciples. Written at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there are thirteen original books. Sun Tzu's Art of War was very popular in the late Warring States and early Han Dynasty. At that time, the "Thirteen Articles" were popular. "The so-called divisions and brigades in the secular world all say Thirteen Articles of the Art of War." ("Historical Records? When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he wrote eighty-two articles of Sun Tzu's Art of War, a total of nine volumes. According to the bamboo slips Sun Tzu's Art of War unearthed from the Han Tomb in Qingsong, Shandong Province, and the lost wooden slips Sun Tzu's Art of War unearthed from the Western Han Tomb at Shangsunjiazhai 1 15 in Datong County, Qinghai Province, and the historical records that have been handed down to this day? There are "thirteen articles" in Sun Wu's biographies, which shows that "thirteen articles" are articles in Sun Tzu's Art of War. Sixty-nine articles and nine volumes of Figure other than "Thirteen Articles" may be the contents of later generations. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao deleted the attached text and made annotations for the Thirteen Articles, which restored the true colors of the Thirteen Articles and made the Thirteen Articles completely spread to this day. The other 69 articles and Figure 9 were lost one after another. However, from the lost articles of Sun Tzu in the bamboo slips of the Han Tomb in Yinque Mountain and the wooden slips of the Han Tomb in Shangsunjiazhai, as well as the lost articles of Sun Tzu scattered in historical books and similar books, we can see that eighty-two articles in the Art of War of Wu Sun Tzu Figure 9 really exist, and the descriptions of Hong Ren and Ban Gu are well documented.
The Art of War is about 5900 words, with 13 chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the importance of studying and planning war. Through the analysis of strategic operations and subjective guidance ability, we can predict the outcome of the war, and put forward "five things", "seven strategies", "the soldiers are cunning" and "attack by surprise" The second chapter, The Story of War, mainly discusses the relationship between material resources, financial resources and manpower and war, and puts forward the idea of "quick victory, not long" and the principle of "grain for the enemy". The third chapter "Plot for Attack" mainly discusses the idea of "total victory" of "going to the army and planning", and reveals the famous military law of "know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle"; The fourth "form" mainly discusses that war must have objective material strength, that is, military strength, and the center says "invincible first, waiting for the enemy to win"; The fifth "situation" mainly discusses how to correctly conduct operational command on the basis of military strength, and create an unstoppable favorable situation through flexible tactics and correct use of troops; The sixth chapter, Virtual Reality, mainly discusses that in operational command, it is necessary to "avoid reality and attack the virtual", "attack the enemy and survive" and "win because of the enemy". The center stresses deceiving the enemy by "manifesting" so as not to be mobilized by the enemy; The seventh chapter "Military Debate" mainly discusses the problem of striving for initiative on the battlefield, and puts forward the military principles of "establishing a position by fraud, benefiting it, and changing it by separation and integration" and "avoiding its spirit and beating it to exhaustion"; The eighth "nine changes" mainly discussed the flexible application of military principles according to various battlefield situations, and put forward the idea that "interests must be mixed" and "your life will not be affected"; The ninth article "March" mainly discusses the organization and command of marching, camping and fighting, as well as the use of topography, reconnaissance and judgment of the enemy; The Tenth Topography mainly discusses the relationship between terrain types and operations and the principles of action under different terrain conditions, and also puts forward the viewpoint of "taking soldiers as children"; The eleventh "Nine Places" mainly discusses nine different operational areas and their principles of using troops, and puts forward the operational idea of "taking advantage of the situation of soldiers, taking advantage of people unprepared, and attacking them without retreating". Chapter 12, Fire Attack, mainly discusses the types, conditions and implementation methods of fire attack. The thirteenth book "The Use of Interval" discusses the importance of using spies and the use methods of various spies from a strategic point of view, and puts forward that the situation of the prophet and the enemy should not be taken from ghosts and gods, but must be taken from people's simple materialistic point of view.
The Art of War is rich in words and profound in content, revealing some general laws of war. In military philosophy, it has simple materialism and dialectics, and it emphasizes the role of politics and economy in war. The idea of "know yourself and know yourself, and win every battle" throughout the book is still a scientific truth; It attaches importance to personnel, opposes destiny and does not believe in ghosts and gods; It contains the contradictory transformation thought that the weak are born by the strong, and the strong are stronger than the weak, the dialectical analysis thought of "thinking about harm in profit and thinking about benefit in harm" and the development and change thought of "there is no constant potential for soldiers" In terms of strategy and tactics, it attaches importance to strategic planning, opposes the easy use of troops, and advocates "cautious war", "great victory" and "the enemy without fighting"; It summarizes the content of strategy as "Tao, Heaven, Earth, General and Law", and points out that only by profoundly understanding and mastering these five strategic elements can generals win the battle. It emphasizes the flexibility of tactics, and puts forward "there is no constant potential in the army", "practicing ink to fight against the enemy" and "winning by the enemy", and adopts different styles of play according to different time, place and operational objectives. To "don't be human because of people" and so on. In terms of army building, we attach great importance to and emphasize the position and role of generals, and regard generals with five conditions of "intelligence, credibility, benevolence, courage and strictness" as one of the five strategic elements that determine the outcome of the war; Advocate both civil and military, pay equal attention to rewards and punishments, and run the army according to law. Of course, The Art of War also contains some dross, such as some idealism and metaphysics in epistemology and methodology; Overexaggerating the role of generals and advocating the policy of stupid soldiers in the historical view should be criticized.
Sun Tzu's Art of War spread to Japan in the Tang Dynasty, to Europe in the18th century, and French, English, German and Russian versions appeared one after another. At present, most countries in the world have their own versions. Sun Tzu's Art of War is known as "the sacred book of military science", "the originator of eastern military science" and "the crown of military science classics", which occupies a prominent position in the world military history.
Sun Tzu's Art of War has been well-known for thousands of years and has been copied and copied by successive dynasties. Since Cao Cao began to annotate the Art of War, it has been annotated by many scholars and produced many versions, including manuscripts, printed books, paper books, bamboo slips, white books, annotated books, singles, series books, Chinese and minority languages (such as Manchu and Xixia). According to the rough statistics of the existing bibliographies, there are 2 10 annotation collators in the past dynasties in China, and there are nearly 400 versions.
The earliest existing version is Sun Tzu's Art of War, a manuscript in the early Han Dynasty, edited by the bamboo slips sorting team of Yinqueshan Han Tomb, proofread and annotated version 1975, published by Cultural Relics Publishing House, interpreted version 1976, and reprinted by Warrior Publishing House 1976.
The earliest extant engravings are Five Classics and Seven Books in the reign of Xiaozong in the Southern Song Dynasty and Eleven Grandsons in the reign of Ningzong in the Southern Song Dynasty. Seven Books of Jason Wu, published in the Song Dynasty, is now in the Japanese Jingjiatang. This book is white with the name of the sculptor in the middle. There are nine seals of Zhu Wen in front of the book, and three seals of Yu Songnian and Taifeng in front. The Shanghai Commercial Press used the China Academy of Art to copy and publish the "Continuation of Ancient Art Series" with the films collected by Jingjiatang on 1935, which is very common in China. There are three kinds of books published in Song Dynasty, one of which is a complete book, and the other is an incomplete book collected by Beijing Library. At the end of this book, there are five seals: Chengdetang, Xi Zhong Appreciation, Yue Fei's chapter, Ma Rong Scholar, An He Shan Liu Shui on Thursday. There is only one volume left, and there are six prints: Curie, Jingjia Zhenbao, Jirui Building, Wen Qin's Shouze Tonghe Jingshou, Changshu Weng Tonghe Collection, and Weng Yin. Shanghai Library has a collection of books, including Yuan Treasures and Yuan? In the front and back. Eight seals: descendants of Chang 'an, Ji, Kunshan Xu family collection, Tianlu and Qianlong Royal Treasure. Among them, the first volume, the middle volume and the biography of Sun Tzu's Art of War are missing 25 pages, which are photocopied and printed by Shanghai Editorial Institute of Zhonghua Book Company 196 1 and supplemented by the collection of Beijing Library.
The earliest single annotation of Sunzi is Wei Wudi's Annotation to Sunzi, which is a copy of the Song Dynasty. It is found in Sun Wu Sima Fa, Volume 1 of Ping Jin Pavilion Series in Sun Xingyan in Qing Dynasty. This book, first published by Xiaozong in the Southern Song Dynasty, is taboo on the word "caution". I couldn't see it today. The copy was written by Gu Guangqi (Qianli), as cool as the original. This book should be the work of Zhu Cao's grandson when he edited Seven Books of Jason Wu in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
The earliest existing minority script is Xixia script. Now only 102 page is left. Taiwan Province Bibliography Quarterly, Volume 15, No.2, contains this photocopy.
There are many versions of Sunzi after the Song Dynasty, but they are generally evolved from three versions: The Five Classics and Seven Books, Notes to Sunzi 11 and Notes to Wei Wudi, among which the Five Classics and Seven Books are the most.
Modern people study grandchildren under the guidance of Marxism-Leninism. If Guo Hua is the first person to study grandchildren. The representative work is Sun Zi Zhu (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1984 edition). The most diligent collator is Yang Bingan's Notes on Sun Tzu's Meeting (Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House, 1986 edition). Sun Tzu's New Notes on the Art of War (Zhonghua Book Company, 1977 edition) by the Department of War Theory of the Academy of Military Sciences is famous for its accurate annotations. The popular and profound explanation is Wu's The Art of War (Warrior Press, 1983 edition).