I. Mulberry Garden Planning
Mulberry is a perennial woody plant. Once planted, it is not easy to change. Therefore, the construction of Mulang Garden and the selection of plots must be comprehensively planned according to the local actual situation.
1. The plot can choose barren hills and slopes, river banks, forest belts and idle fields in front of and behind the house. In order to make full use of land and give full play to production potential.
2. Mulberry garden construction should be rationally laid out, relatively concentrated and contiguous, and form a scale. And silkworm poisoning caused by controlling diseases and pests of other crops should be avoided.
3. Mulberry orchards should not be built near industrial and mining areas and brick kilns to prevent harmful substances such as smoke and waste gas from polluting mulberry leaves and causing silkworm poisoning.
4. Because you often go to the mulberry garden to pick leaves during sericulture, you can pick leaves and raise silkworms nearby when you plant mulberry in front of and behind the house. In order to save labor, mulberry fields should be built as close as possible to Silkworm Treasure.
5. The organizational form of mulberry garden construction can adopt the methods of seedling raising, mulberry planting and sericulture, and realize the combination of mulberry garden construction, mulberry planting and sericulture, so as to strengthen mulberry garden management, increase leaf yield and improve economic benefits.
Second, mulberry seedling planting
1. Variety selection
Autumn mulberry has the characteristics of strong cold resistance, few side branches, large leaves, high yield and vigorous growth. In Longjiang County of Qiqihar, autumn rain mulberry is mainly planted.
2. Preparation before mulberry planting
When selecting seedlings, we should choose seedlings with developed main roots, evenly distributed lateral roots, Huang Liang color, thick branches, full winter buds and no pests and diseases.
Long taproots and lateral roots should be cut off before pruning and planting. Cut off pests and damaged roots to prevent mildew and rot. At the same time, the seedlings of the same variety and size are selected to be planted in the same plot in combination with root cutting.
3. Soil preparation
Mulberry fields were thoroughly ploughed, and the depth of soil preparation reached 30 cm. The depth of soil preparation on barren hills and slopes should reach more than 35cm, and it is best to turn over the land in autumn if conditions permit, so that the soil can mature. After turning over, rake carefully and apply 30 thousand Jin of farm manure. Then ridging.
4. Planting time and density
Mulberry orchards are usually planted in spring, after the soil is thawed and before the mulberry trees germinate. The planting time in Longjiang County is from late April to early May. The planting density is 70 cm in row spacing and 25 cm in plant spacing. Plant 4000 mulberry seedlings every 667 square meters.
5. Planting method
According to the size of the seedlings, generally, ditch 20cm first, apply inorganic fertilizer, then plant the seedlings on each ridge according to the target spacing, and bury the seedlings with pears to a depth of 3cm at the junction of green and yellow roots. Stand upright, bury the soil and water it.
Third, the management and protection of mulberry fields.
Mulberry orchard management is an important technical measure to ensure the healthy growth and stable and high yield of mulberry. It mainly includes intertillage weeding, irrigation and fertilization, close planting and replanting, bud thinning and pruning, pest control, freezing injury prevention and so on.
1. intertillage weeding
Tillage loosening, soil conservation and water storage, enhancing soil aeration, improving soil fertility and weeding. So mulberry fields should be shoveled at least twice a year.
2. Irrigation and drainage
Drought is prone to occur in spring. At this time, it is the germination and growth period of mulberry, which needs enough water and must be irrigated in time. Mulberry orchards are prone to waterlogging in rainy season, which will also inhibit the growth of mulberry trees. Long-term water accumulation will lead to root rot and plant death, especially transplanting mulberry trees. Therefore, drainage and flood control should be done well in rainy season.
3. Fill in the vacancy by encryption
There are two methods to fill the vacancy: layered filling and strong seedling filling. The layering has the advantages of easy survival and fast growth. To make up for the shortage of strong seedlings is to select high-quality seedlings to replant in the gap during mulberry planting season, and strengthen water and fertilizer management after planting to promote their rapid growth.
4. Sparse buds
Combined with the leaves of spring silkworm, inappropriate branches, weak branches, horizontal branches and drooping branches are removed, nutrient supply is concentrated, and branches are left to grow, so that new buds are strong and tidy. Leave the mulberry field to dry, the spring is too dense, and the buds should be sparse.
fertilize the soil or land
Mulberry orchard fertilization is generally divided into three times. Manure and human urine were applied for the first time after mulberry stubble leveling and before mulberry bud germination. The second time, from late June to early July, nitrogen fertilizer was applied to the spring silkworm when collecting ants. Ammonium sulfate and calcium superphosphate were applied for the third time in mid-July. The mixed application of ammonium sulfate and calcium superphosphate can enhance the resistance of mulberry to adverse environment and is beneficial to mulberry overwintering.
Step 6 pick leaves reasonably
Improper leaf picking will affect the normal growth of mulberry. The reasonable picking method is to use the lower leaves of mulberry in the spring silkworm period, trim the lateral branches and over-dense weak branches, and leave the upper leaves to raise autumn silkworms. When leaves are used in autumn, they cannot be harvested completely. It is necessary to leave 6~8 leaves at the top of branches to continue photosynthesis, make and accumulate nutrients, and prepare conditions for safe overwintering.
Step 7 Trim and cut
Pruning is to cut off the side branches under the tree and feed them to silkworms. Cut after freezing or before thawing. This method is used for densely planting mulberry fields.
Fourthly, mulberry overwintering protection.
Before closing the land, cut off the dry seedlings of mulberry trees 5cm above the yellow border, then trip over a pear and cover the dry seedlings. In the first ten days of April of the following year, the soil shall be cleared once or in several times.