Most of them grow between 40 and 45 degrees north latitude. The average temperature in June is -23-5℃, and the average temperature in July is 20-26℃ and 65,438 0.5℃. They have strong cold tolerance and can withstand the low temperature of -40℃. The suitable growth temperature is 65438 0.5-25℃ and the accumulated temperature is 2000-3000℃. The soil is well drained, loose and fertile brown forest soil with deep humus layer or mountain gray brown forest soil with pH value of 5.5-6.2. Most of them live in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests or deciduous broad-leaved forests dominated by Korean pine, and the canopy density is 0.7-0.8. The main tree species is Korean pine. et Zucc。 Five-pointed maple Maxim. ，Tiliamandschurica Rupr。 Et motto. , Ulmus pumila (Trautv. ) Mayr, phellodendron amurense. Quercus mongolica. , Schisandra chinensis (Turcz. )Baill。 Aralia elata ) it seems. Wait. Ginseng usually blooms in 3 years and bears fruit in 5-6 years. The flowering period is June-July and the fruiting period is July-June.
morphological character
Perennial herbs; The taproot is fleshy, cylindrical or spindle-shaped, and the fibrous root is slender; The rhizome (reed head) is short, with stem marks (reed bowl) and buds on it; Stem solitary, erect, 40 ~60 cm high. Leaves are palmately compound, with 2-6 vertical leaves, which vary with age: L has 3 lobules, 2 has 5 lobules 1-2, 3 has 2-3, 4 has 3-4, 5 has 4-5, up to 6; There are 3~5 leaflets, with the largest 1 in the middle, ovoid or ovoid, 3~ 12 cm long and 1~4 cm wide, wedge-shaped at the base, tapering at the apex, fine-pointed and serrated at the edge, and sparse bristles along the midvein. Umbellies have terminal florets; The flower is bell-shaped and has five teeth; Petals 5, yellow green; Stamens 5, filaments short, anthers spherical; Below the room, 2 rooms, style 1, stigma 2-lobed. Berry drupe oblate or kidney-shaped, bright red when mature; Seed 2, oblate, yellow and white.
Life span of ginseng
According to historical records, the life span of ginseng is about 400 years, but when it is harvested, very few ginseng can grow to 200 years old, and it is not easy to grow to 100 years.
Ginseng can't run away, but it's true that the digger found it was circled with red rope after digging. They not only have to worship to dig, but also can only dig with bamboo sticks. Because old ginseng is not easy to find, it has high medicinal value and high economic benefit, so they are deified. There is also a saying that there is a big snake guarding it. In fact, how can ginseng run? !
2. Knowledge about ginseng
Efficacy of ginseng
Nourish vitality, remove body fluid and soothe the nerves.
Can be used for treating fatigue, fatigue, anorexia, lassitude, nausea and vomiting, loose stool, cough and asthma, spontaneous sweating, fright, amnesia, dizziness, headache, impotence, frequent urination, diabetes, metrorrhagia, metrorrhagia, chronic weakness, and deficiency of qi, blood and body fluid.
The role of ginseng
1 regulates the central nervous system.
Ginseng can regulate the central nervous system, improve the process of brain excitation and inhibition, and make it tend to balance; Can improve mental and physical labor ability, improve work efficiency, and has anti-fatigue effect.
Promoting the brain's utilization of energy substances can improve learning and memory ability. Ginsenoside is the effective component of ginseng to enhance learning and memory ability, among which ginsenoside Rb 1 and ginsenoside Rg 1 have good effects on learning and memory function. Ginsenoside can promote the learning and memory process of normal rats, and ginsenoside can obviously improve the memory disorder caused by electric shock in rats. Both of them significantly increased the contents of monoamine transmitters in different brain regions of normal rats. These studies have certain reference value for the rational application of ginseng plant resources [3].
3 Improve heart function
Ginseng can increase myocardial contractility, slow down heart rate, increase cardiac output and coronary blood flow, and resist myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia. It has certain influence on heart function, cardiovascular system and blood flow. Ginseng has obvious anti-hypoxia effect, and its preparation can effectively resist sinus heart rate abnormality. Ginsenoside can accelerate lipid metabolism and significantly reduce high cholesterol. Low dose ginseng can slightly increase the blood pressure of anesthetized animals, while high dose ginseng can lower the blood pressure. Different ginseng preparations can enhance the function of toad hearts in vitro and rabbits, cats and dogs in vivo, and can improve myocardial weakness during ventricular fibrillation [4].
4 hypoglycemic effect
Ginseng contains ginsenoside and ginseng polysaccharide. In particular, ginsenoside Rb2 has obvious hypoglycemic effect, and ginseng polysaccharide (or glycopeptide) is another hypoglycemic component in ginseng.
5. Enhance the immune function of the body.
Ginsenoside and ginseng polysaccharide are active components in ginseng to regulate immune function, which can improve immune function not only for normal people but also for people with low immune function. Ginseng polysaccharide is a high molecular acidic polysaccharide purified from ginseng, and it is an immune enhancer. Animal experiments and human clinical experiments show that it can significantly enhance human immunity and has a certain curative effect on malignant tumors. Clinical experiments show that it can also prolong the survival time of patients, improve the cellular immune function of the body, reduce the side effects of radiotherapy and accelerate the repair of damaged tissues. Clinical observation has proved that ginseng polysaccharide has obvious leucocyte-raising effect. When it is used in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, it can reduce the toxic and side effects of radiotherapy, prevent leukopenia, and enable patients to successfully complete the treatment. Ginseng polysaccharide has no side effects, which proves that the drug is safe and reliable.
Improving the resistance to harmful * * * can enhance the body's stress ability and adaptability.
Ginseng contains ginsenoside, which can improve the anti-stress effect. Resistant to hypoxia, high temperature and low temperature.
7 anti-tumor effect
Ginsenoside, ginsenoside, panaxol, panaxatriol and volatile oil in ginseng. These substances have a certain inhibitory effect on tumors, but the mechanism is very complicated.
8 antioxidant effect
Ginseng contains a variety of antioxidant substances, such as ginsenoside, ginseng polyacetylene compounds and panaxadiol saponins. These compounds have anti-lipid peroxidation effect and are the basis of anti-aging effect. In addition to anti-aging, it can also regulate physiological functions such as nerve, endocrine, immune function and substance metabolism. In addition, ginseng also has many functions such as antivirus, anti-shock, weight loss and so on. Although ginseng is a tonic with high value, it is not suitable for everyone. The protein factor in ginseng can inhibit lipolysis and aggravate lipid deposition on blood vessel wall, so patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular sclerosis, diabetes and vasculitis should use ginseng with caution. The increase of blood viscosity will lead to poor blood circulation, which is called blood stasis in Chinese medicine. Ginseng can promote the growth of red blood cells, increase the number of red blood cells and make blood stations more consistent. Attachment list
3. What is the common sense of taking ginseng?
The principle of taking ginseng
The principle of taking ginseng is four words: eat less and eat more. You can't eat ginseng once and for all. You won't eat it once or twice. Mr. Zhang, a 90-year-old man from Hong Kong, has been buying wild ginseng for decades. After eating, he felt energetic, but after stopping eating for a period of time, there was a situation of "rejuvenation". He ate ginseng again and recovered his strength and energy. So he took ginseng by eating less and drinking more, and achieved satisfactory results.
In Fusong County, Jilin Province, the hometown of ginseng, everyone knows the truth of eating less and eating more ginseng. Maybe someone will ask how much is "eat less"? Generally speaking, adults should not eat more than 3g ~ 5g of dried ginseng and 0. 1g ~ 0.3g of wild ginseng every day.
Precautions and contraindications for taking ginseng
1. Newborns should be careful when taking ginseng.
Ginseng experts in Japan and South Korea agree that ginseng can be used as a tonic from infants to the elderly. Some experts in China think that newborns should not take ginseng. Someone once gave 0.5 grams of red parameter orally to newborns for several hours and then had side effects. The reason why cannibalism has side effects is that newborns have low tolerance and all organs are immature. Furthermore, the standard for adults to eat ginseng is about 3 grams, such as 1 gram for newborns, which is obviously too much. If the newborn is given 0. 1 g or 0.05 g, the situation will be different. Korean newborn babies take ginseng honey and the effect is good. However, it is still prudent to give ginseng to newborns.
Healthy children do not eat ginseng.
Healthy children may not eat ginseng, but children with weak constitution and slow development (including physical and mental) need to eat ginseng. Healthy children will have problems such as precocious puberty if they take too much ginseng.
3. ginseng can't be mixed.
Ginseng can't be compatible with other drugs and animals at will, and the traditional method of human participation in chicken compatibility is out of date for most contemporary people. The ancient medical theory that "ginseng is afraid of trogopterori and anti-veratrum" is still practical now. Before the new scientific viewpoint overturns this conclusion, we should follow the theory that ginseng cannot be compatible with trogopterori and veratrum in order to avoid problems. It is best not to eat radish when eating ginseng.
4. The five taboos of ginseng are inconclusive.
More than one book records the five taboos of ginseng mentioned by a famous doctor in Changbai Mountain: cough, pain, cold, fever and bleeding. The author thinks that these five taboos are debatable, worthy of in-depth study and should not be blindly followed.
Looking up some ancient prescriptions, there are several prescriptions for treating cough with ginseng, such as Xiaotaiping Pill for treating chronic cough and sore throat, Ginseng Coix Seed Powder for treating lung flaccid cough, Jingfu Decoction for treating phlegm cough and asthma in children, and Ginseng Poison Powder for treating typhoid cough and nasal congestion in children. It shows that ginseng can be used to treat cough and cold. There are also many examples of people eating ginseng to cure colds and coughs, which proves that eating ginseng can cure colds and coughs.
Some people say that you can't eat ginseng when bleeding, but you can eat ginseng when stopping bleeding. However, many experts at home and abroad have studied the hemostatic effect of ginseng, because ginseng contains the hemostatic component Notoginseng.
4. Knowledge about ginseng
Many fakes, many of which are artificial now.
It didn't work.
If it's wild
Not many people will buy it.
No one will have nothing to eat ginseng
Too much. I can't take it anymore.
Listen to the old man's heart
In ancient times, people who ate ginseng were dying.
An incorrigible person
Give them a drink, ginseng soup.
They can come back for a while.
Stay if you should! ……
So, people nowadays won't eat such precious ginseng any more, right?
Artificial, fake, it tastes boring.
5. How to choose ginseng?
Ginseng has always been regarded as a superior tonic, which can "replenish the five internal organs, calm the spirit, make people feel happy, improve their intelligence and make people keep fit for a long time". Shen Du decoction can also be used for emergency treatment of critical diseases, and has various medical values.
There are many kinds of ginseng, so you should choose it according to your constitution and illness? 1. Red Ginseng: sweet in taste and warm in nature, it can promote the development of teenagers, has the effect of warming up those who are afraid of cold and cold, and has the effect of regulating the heart and brain function, tonifying kidney and strengthening yang, and resisting aging for the elderly, the weak, the forgetful and the weak. 2. Korean ginseng: produced in North Korea and Changbai Mountain in the northeast of China.
Bitter and warm. It can replenish qi and blood, strengthen the heart and soothe the nerves.
Can be used for treating physical weakness after illness and postpartum. 3. Sun-dried ginseng: sweet and slightly cool, suitable for taking in summer.
It is suitable for patients with weak constitution or chronic diseases such as hypertension, chronic hepatitis, nephritis, tumor and diabetes. 4. American ginseng: bitter and cold.
It can nourish yin, clear fire, promote fluid production, quench thirst and nourish lung and kidney. It is suitable for toothache caused by excessive internal heat, deficiency fire and physical weakness after illness. It can also be used for asthenia after tumor radiotherapy.
6. What kinds of ginseng are there?
Ginseng: alias-white ginseng, red ginseng, wild ginseng and Jilin ginseng.
Sweet, slightly bitter, slightly warm. Enter the lung meridian and spleen meridian.
Efficacy: invigorating primordial qi, invigorating spleen and moistening lung, promoting fluid production to quench thirst, calming nerves and improving intelligence. Application: 1 for qi deficiency.
All massive blood loss, vomiting and diarrhea, and all diseases caused by extreme qi deficiency will lead to weakness and weak pulse. The primordial qi is the most fundamental qi of human body, and this product can greatly replenish the primordial qi, so it has the effect of saving collapse.
This product, Shen Du Decoction, can be used alone and is an effective prescription for invigorating qi and strengthening the body. For people with yang deficiency such as deficiency sweat and cold limbs, aconite can be added to enhance the effect of restoring yang, that is, Renshen Fuzi Decoction. Used for spleen deficiency.
Symptoms such as fatigue, loss of appetite, fullness in the upper abdomen, vomiting and diarrhea appear. It is often combined with Atractylodes macrocephala, Poria, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata and other spleen-strengthening and stomach-strengthening herbs, such as Sijunzi Decoction.
3 for lung qi deficiency. Lung is the organ that governs qi, and lung qi deficiency can lead to shortness of breath, inactivity, frequent asthma, pulse deficiency and spontaneous sweating.
It is often used with walnuts and clams, such as ginseng walnut soup and ginseng clam powder. 4. Used to quench thirst.
Ginseng can replenish qi, promote fluid production and quench thirst. It is suitable for fever injury, gas injury and body fluid injury, body heat and thirst, excessive sweating and weak pulse. It is often used with gypsum, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and japonica rice. For example, White Tiger plus ginseng soup can clear away heat and replenish qi, and promote fluid production to quench thirst. For example, heat can damage qi and yin, thirst and sweating, and qi deficiency and weak pulse. It can also be used with Ophiopogon japonicus and Schisandra chinensis, that is, Shengmai Powder, benefiting qi and nourishing yin, quenching thirst and stopping sweating. Used to treat diabetes, it is often combined with Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Ophiopogonis, etc. to nourish yin and promote fluid production, and invigorate qi and promote fluid production.
It is often combined with Danggui, Arillus Longan and Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, such as Guipi Decoction. In addition, it can also be used for impotence due to blood deficiency.
Those with blood deficiency should be combined with blood-enriching drugs such as Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and Radix Angelicae Sinensis and aphrodisiac drugs such as velvet antler and placenta to treat impotence. For patients with exogenous physical deficiency or excess internal deficiency, it can be combined with herbs for relieving exterior syndrome and attacking interior syndrome to strengthen the body resistance and eliminate pathogenic factors.
Dosage and usage: 5- 10g, decocted separately with low fire, and mixed with other medicinal soups for drinking. Pulverized and swallowed, each time 1-2g, 2==3 times a day.
If preserved, use a large amount of15-30g, and decoct for several times. Note: It is not advisable to take it if there is excess syndrome and heat syndrome but vital qi is not empty. Anti-veratrum, Oletum Trogopterori and Gleditsia sinensis should not be used together.
Taking ginseng is not suitable for drinking tea and eating radish, so as not to affect the efficacy. Ginseng leaves: leaves of ginseng, picked when harvesting ginseng, dried and eaten raw.
Bitter taste, slightly sweet, cold in nature, has the functions of relieving summer heat evil, promoting fluid production and reducing deficiency fire. It is suitable for summer heat, thirst, deficiency of stomach yin, toothache due to deficiency of fire, etc.
The dose is 5- 10g. Classification of Ginseng There are four major ginseng families in the world: China-Jilin Ginseng, Korean Ginseng, Japanese Ginseng, Oriental Ginseng, American Ginseng, Canadian Ginseng ◆ Ginseng is a perennial herb of Araliaceae, with palmately compound leaves and whorls.
Flowering in early summer, small flowers, yellow-green, strong umbel, single top, oblate, red fruit. Ginseng Manchu is "Orhouda", which means "the king of hundred herbs".
Folks are also called goblins, sacred grass, ghost covers, longevity flowers, wooden sticks and so on. Named after the root looks like a person.
◆ There are four naming methods for ginseng: wild ginseng, transplanted ginseng and garden ginseng are named according to the growth mode; Named after the place of origin, such as Jilin ginseng, Korean ginseng, American ginseng, Liaoning Shizhu ginseng, etc. According to the processing methods, such as: red ginseng, white sugar ginseng, sun-dried ginseng, fresh-keeping ginseng, active ginseng and so on. There are Korean Red Ginseng, Jilin Wild Ginseng and Kuandian Shen Zhu.
7. What is the function of wild ginseng?
The following content comes from the database of Tibetan ginseng museum. Wild ginseng has the functions of invigorating qi and restoring pulse, invigorating spleen and lung, promoting fluid production and calming the nerves. Used for weakness, fatigue, cough, body fluid injury, thirst, chronic diseases, palpitation, insomnia, impotence, cold uterus, heart failure and cardiogenic shock.
Wild ginseng has been known as "the king of herbs" and "the hand of all medicines" since ancient times. It is a world-famous rare treasure, the best natural tonic in the world and the most precious natural medicine. According to historical records, the application of wild ginseng in China has a history of 4000 years. The medicinal value of wild ginseng is recorded in Shennong Herbal Classic and Compendium of Materia Medica in detail.
Wild ginseng has the function of "nourishing the five internal organs, calming the mind and stopping convulsions". Wild ginseng also has the functions of improving eyesight, happiness and intelligence, and also has a very good effect on the symptoms of weakness such as dizziness, brain ringing, forgetfulness and fatigue in the elderly. Meng You, a herbal medicine, stressed: "General ginseng can make up deficiency, deficiency cold can make up, and deficiency heat can also make up;" Qi deficiency should be used, so should blood deficiency.
Chinese medicine believes that "Qi is the handsome of blood, and blood is the mother of Qi", and qi and blood are interdependent and fundamental. Li Dongyuan, a doctor in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, said: "If ginseng (wild ginseng) is used as a blood-enriching product, the blood will not be self-generated, and the medicine that produces yang will produce blood, while the blood will flourish after a long period of yang."
Modern pharmacology has also confirmed that wild ginseng has a strong hematopoietic function. Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer wild ginseng has the effects of anti-inflammatory, detoxification, anti-cancer and eliminating evil spirits, which is realized by "strengthening the body resistance"
The so-called "righting" means supporting healthy qi and mobilizing the body's own disease resistance. Animal experiments show that wild ginseng can inhibit the systemic inflammatory reaction caused by turpentine or artificial frostbite of rabbit ear shell, and also accelerate the healing of some experimental injuries.
Soothing the nerves and strengthening the body Su Shi took ginseng for a long time and achieved good results. The poem "Five Poems in a Small Nursery" says: "If you help your life, eating first is the most important thing".
It means that ginseng sacrificed himself and gave himself to help me survive. After eating ginseng, my body is strong. I thank you with the most solemn bow-down ceremony. It can be seen that Su Shi's long-term service has benefited the most.
He has a poem, "Happiness sets the soul, but how can trouble wash feet", which explains the medicinal value of ginseng. After eating ginseng, you can feel comfortable and calm. Regarding the function of ginseng, the ginseng in Shennong Herbal Classic records: "Long-term use can nourish the five internal organs, calm the mind, stop convulsions, eliminate evil spirits, improve eyesight, make people happy, improve intelligence and prolong life."
In the poem "Good Man and Famous Mountain" written by Cheng Duolu, a poet in Qing Dynasty, ginseng can make people live longer and stay young forever. A Qing writer Vencent Yang wrote in Liu lue: "The local ginseng is the most important, and now it is a tribute to the capital.
Yingzhou is not old-fashioned, and it is empty to join the party. The green leaves are swaying and the red roots are bright.
Ginseng (wild ginseng) is extremely expensive, and it is said that it can live forever. "It also adopted the long-standing folk rumors that ginseng can prolong life.
Wang, a man with black hair and gold removal prevention, Yuan Haowen asked. The poem "Xiong Yue Map" says: "The water in the ginseng-washing pool is as sweet as honey, and the hair in the bathing hall is as lacquer", which shows that the water in the ginseng-washing pool is rich in nutrition and extremely beneficial to the human body. People who work in front of the ginseng pool for a long time have dark hair and don't look old.
There is a poem in Lu Guimeng's "Taking the Beauty, Xie You Yi Shen" to treat diabetes: "Yin Qinrun wants to enter the lungs." This sentence can be interpreted as that Sima Xiangru in Han Dynasty once suffered from thirst, that is, diabetes, so it would be good to eat ginseng.
It can be seen that the ancients have long discovered that ginseng can be used to treat diabetes.