1. Song Taizu will show its outer city.
(say "temple number")
2. Song Taizu is afraid of historians.
(saying "historian")
Song Taizu's mouth is full of surprises.
(Analysis of Cutting Trees)
4. Song Taizu commanded the army 6
(Analysis of Still)
5. Zhao Pu strives to be ahead of the emperor.
(Analysis of "Relocation")
6. Song Taizong killed people intentionally.
(analysis of "balance spring")
7. Yao Tan said bluntly.
(Write "Wang")
8. Evergreen branches are a little red
(ingenious)
9. Yan Shu can be a writer at the age of seven.
(Analysis of Genus)
Yan Shu is honest.
(Talking about Oriental Palace, etc.)
1 1. Romantic poet Yan Shu
(Analysis of Zuo Zhuan)
12. Ouyang Xiu talks more about business.
(Analysis of Yu)
13. Ouyang Xiu's Prose Collection
("technical" analysis)
14. Thoughts on "Three Upgrades"
(Analysis of Wei)
15. "61laity" Ouyang Xiu
(Say "number")
16. Fear of laughter after death
("Analysis of Chen")
17. Kill the dog with one horse
(Analysis of "Phase")
18. Selling oil Weng
(the best in the industry)
19. The style of money
(Abnormal father-son relationship)
20. When Sima Guang was a child.
(Analysis of Le)
2 1. Those who make more efforts will get more jobs.
(No pains, no gains)
22. Sima Guang sells horses
(Say "Xijing", etc.)
23. Wang Jian rate
(Analysis of "One")
24. New clothes are easy to wear.
(Analysis of One Time)
2. What changes have taken place in the classical Chinese novels of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the Six Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty? China's novels were still in their infancy during the Six Dynasties. At that time, a large number of novels were about ghosts and gods, while a few novels about people, such as Shi Shuo Xin Yu, recorded more conversations and anecdotes of the upper class. These novels are generally short in length, concise in writing and lacking in specific description. It came into being in the legends of the Tang Dynasty, and the situation has changed greatly. In addition to the descriptions of some ghosts and gods, the legends of the Tang Dynasty also recorded a large number of human world situations, from top to bottom, reflecting a wider range and a stronger flavor of life than in the past. In terms of artistic form, the length has been lengthened, "the narrative is endless, the rhetoric is gorgeous, and compared with the thick lines of the Six Dynasties, it has evolved very clearly" (Lu Xun's A Brief History of Chinese Novels); Some works have also created vivid and touching characters. The appearance of the legend of the Tang Dynasty marks the maturity of China's ancient short stories. Song Hong Mai said: "The novels of the Tang Dynasty are indispensable. Small things, heartbroken, but people who meet God don't know. Poetry is the wonder of a generation. "
Compared with the Six Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty, the classical Chinese novels in the Song and Yuan Dynasties showed obvious changes:
1, there are collections, special collections and selected books of classical Chinese novels classified by subject matter. For example, the collection includes Tai Ping Guang Ji in the early Song Dynasty, Li in the special collection and anthology, and A Record of Different People in Jianghuai.
2, pay attention to the integrity of the plot and narrative skills, and expand the space.
3. Talk more, preach more, and pay attention to the ethical significance of the story.
4. The language is more simple than the classical Chinese novels of the Six Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties.
China s Classical Novels in Song and Yuan Dynasties;
1. Xu Xuan's Tales of Wonders and Wu Shu's Tales of Different Scholars are the earliest two novels in the Northern Song Dynasty. Then there are Qu Yilu, Dong Zhu, Nie Tian Zu Zhu, Mao Ting Hakka, Qin Zaisi Luo Zhong Lu Zhu, Zhang Yilu Zhu, Liu Fu Qing Shi Zhu and Li Xianmin Zhai Yun Zhu. What about the Southern Song Dynasty? , Tao Zhu Xin Lu, Touzheng Lu, Hong Mai's Jian Yizhi, Lv Yinglong's Idle Window and Different Records, He Guang's Different Records, etc. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there were Yuan Haowen's ambition to continue his simplicity, and there were Guo Fengxiao Jianghu Moon Hee.
Legendary novels: Northern Song Dynasty: Biography of Green Pearl, Biography of Yang Taizhen, Zhang Junfang's Love Collection, Biography of Qin Chun's Chatting Art Pavilion, Biography of Wang Youyu in Liu Shiyin, Biography of Moon Mother in Qian Yi, Adventures in West Shu of Li Xianmin, Story of Zhang Shuohong, etc. Southern Song Dynasty: Lian Bu's Qing Zun Lu Da, Hong Mai's Jane Yi Yi, York's Wang Ge in Shi Su, Liu Fu's Qing Suo Gao Yi Su Xiangting, Zhang Hao meets Yingying, Yi Ming's Biography of Li Shishi, Zhang Sheng's secret agreement with Li Niang, and Hailing III. Yuan Dynasty: Song Mei Dong's Biography of Jiao Hong (also known as Jiao Hong Ji).
3. Tales of Zhi Ren: Notes of Jia Family, New Book of South China, Recent Situation of Southern Tang Dynasty by Zheng Wenbao, Old Story of Luoyang Gentry, Returning to the Field by Ouyang Xiu, Story of Sushui by Sima Guang, and The Story of Shan Ye in Hunan. Southern Song Dynasty: (Early Shaoxing, Song Gaozong) There are backstreets by Zhao Lingzhi, misty rain in Shilin by Ye Mengde, Lu Hua in summer vacation, Yan Fang by Yan Xia, Random Records of Gaozhai by Zeng Yao, Old Stories of Quyi by Zhu Bian, Memories by Wang Luo and Fan Gongzhuo. In the middle and later period of Shaoxing, there are Liang Xi Man Shi, Luo Dajing's Tales of Helu, Shangshu, Ye Shaoweng's Records of Four Dynasties, Kang's Dream of Yesterday, Qing Zun Lu, Miscellaneous Notes of Teenagers and Shen Yi's Miscellaneous Notes. Yuan Dynasty: Zhou Mi's History of Dong Qiye, Miscellaneous Notes on Returning to the Heart, Jiang Zizheng's Essays on Mountain Residence, New Stories on Mountain Residence and Tao's Abandoning Farming.
3. What are the existing novels of Song and Yuan Dynasties?
There are more than 40 kinds of Song editions and Yuan editions 16 kinds, which are generally called "Song Yuan editions" in the history of novels. See the table below for details:
Textbook name
Save source
Zhang Luan Deng zhuan
Xiong Longfeng publishes four novels.
West Lake Three Pagodas
Tang Huaben of Qingping Mountain
Simple monk
Liu's poems and wine play at the bottom of the river.
Song Sigong made a scene to ban the soul.
Ancient and modern novels
Zhang Gu grows melons and marries women.
"Wrong beheading of Cui Ning" ("fifteen jokes make a clever disaster")
Wake up the world
It was Chow Sang-hyun who made Fan Lou affectionate.
Crushing Jade Guanyin (Cui Daizhao's life and death enemy)
Warning story
"Ghost Cave in the Western Hills" ("Ghost Cave of Taoist")
Three Appearing in "Bao Long Tu"
Wan Xiu's mother avenged Shanting.
The emergence of story books, especially story books, laid the foundation for later novel creation, such as Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West, etc., which influenced the acceptance of story books in Song Dynasty from the aspects of book form and story plot.
Introduction to the work:
First, "Crushing Jade Guanyin" ("Cui Daizhao's Life and Death Enemy"). Protagonist: Cui Ning, Xiu Xiu and Guo Paijun.
The second is "wrongly beheading Cui Ning" ("15-pass jokes make a clever disaster").
Heroes: Cui Ning, Chen Er, Liu Gui, Mrs. Wang, King Jingshan.
Thinking: What is the ideological content of Song and Yuan plays through two works?
Questions to consider in this chapter:
Noun explanation: speaking; Textbooks.
Understand the deep relationship between speaking skills and scripted novels.
Illustrate the ideological connotation of the story with examples.
On the artistic features of vernacular novels.
Bibliography:
Zhang Renrang: A Course of China's Ancient Novels, Shandong Education Press;
Hu Shiying: An Introduction to Story Novels, Zhonghua Book Company,1980;
Han Nan: History of China Vernacular Novels, Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House,1989;
Ouyang Daifa: Story History, Wuhan University Press.
4. History of Song Dynasty in Classical Chinese. When Li Chuan translated the Song Dynasty, Li was appointed as Kaifeng Prefecture Yin, and a son was bullied by a servant and was very angry. He prepared a complaint and wanted to report it to Kaifeng, but was discouraged by another scholar in his field. Later, on a whim, he took out a complaint and wrote a judgment in imitation of Li's brushwork: "There is no need to review, and he will be fined 20 boards." But it didn't really hit.
The next day, the servant filed a lawsuit with the government office, accusing the master of imitating the governor's judgment and using punishment without permission. Li called his son for questioning, and when he learned what happened, he flew into a rage and said, "This judgment is exactly what I thought."
He fined his servant twenty boards on the spot. [Happy! ] and ordered him to apologize to his master. This made thousands of servants in the city at that time, and no one dared to be presumptuous again.
Duke Xian of Song and Yuan Dynasties (Song people, real name Yao, word Gongxu, died in Yuan Xian) resigned as prime minister and guarded Luoyang. A juren was accused of tax evasion in his luggage by his servant. Song Yudao: "Who doesn't bring luggage to Beijing for the imperial examination?" There is no heavy penalty. But the slave sued the master, and the wind must not be broken! "
He only sent the juren to the tax court to pay double the tax, and the servant was killed with a stick.
5. The main cultural approaches in Song and Yuan Dynasties: Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism and Wang Luxin's Philosophy.
The unprecedented revival of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, under the influence of Buddhism and Taoism, produced a new Confucian thought-Neo-Confucianism. Including "Five Scholars of Northern Song Dynasty" (Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi), Zhu and Lu Jiuyuan. Zhu, a master of Neo-Confucianism, believes that "reason" and "qi" coexist and are inseparable, but there are differences in order. Reason is the source of all things. "Heaven and justice" and "human desire" are two opposite sides. Man's desire is the root of all evil, so we should get rid of man's desire and keep justice. After the development of Cheng and Zhu, Neo-Confucianism developed into a complete philosophical system and became the official philosophy at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. Later, Lu Jiuyuan thought that "the universe is my heart, and the heart is the universe" and "the heart is reason".
Neo-Confucianism still had some changes in the Yuan Dynasty. During the Southern Song Dynasty, there appeared two schools of thought, Zhu and Lu Jiuling, which reconciled Neo-Confucianism and Xin-ology. In the Yuan Dynasty, most of the Neo-Confucianists abandoned the shortcomings of the two schools and learned from each other's strengths. In the end, "meeting Zhu Lu" became an important feature of Neo-Confucianism in the Yuan Dynasty. Huang Zhen, Xu Heng, Liu Yin, Wu Cheng, Zheng Yu and Zhao Xie, who reconciled Zhu Lu's studies, are well-known neo-Confucians.
Because the Yuan Dynasty was ruled by Mongols, and based on the consideration of alien rule, most of the Han literati in the early Yuan Dynasty were divided into cooperators and rebels. The collaborators are North China Confucians such as Yeluchucai, Yang Huan, Hao Jing and Xu Heng. They advocate peaceful coexistence with Mongolian rulers and think that China and foreigners are not fixed. If foreigners enter China, China will. If the Mongolian rulers are virtuous, they can completely occupy the Central Plains. The most famous historical work is Zi Tongzhi Jian edited by Sima Guang. Another historian, Yuan Shu, also compiled Zi Tongzhi Jian in an all-round way and wrote A History of Tongjian. Zhu also wrote the outline of a mirror. Zheng Qiao, a historian, wrote Tongzhi, which is also called "three links" with Tongdian and Literature General Examination of Tang Dynasty.
In addition, important historical works include The History of the Old Five Dynasties edited by Xue et al. and The History of the New Five Dynasties written privately by Ouyang Xiu. There are also five generations of meetings written privately by Don Yao Hui and wang pu. Famous local chronicles include Taiping Universe, Fan Chengda's Wu Junzhi, Meng Yuanlao's Dream of China in Tokyo, and Zhou Mi's Old Stories in Wulin. Due to the rapid rise of epigraphy and archaeology, some related historical books have been born, such as Ouyang Xiu's Collection of Historical Records, Lu Dalin's Archaeological Map and Zhao Mingcheng's Records of the Stone.
In addition, many books related to history were compiled in Song Dynasty, including Four Great Classical Novels's Taiping Guangji, Yuangui, Wenyuan Huaying and Taiping Guangji in Song Dynasty.
Literature in the Yuan Dynasty is dominated by Yuan Qu and novels, and historical research is also very prosperous. Compared with the Yuan Dynasty, the poetry of the Yuan Dynasty has less achievements and relatively poor content. The literature in Song Dynasty was developed, and great achievements were made in grasping poetry and prose. Ouyang Xiu was a master who prospered the prose in Song Dynasty and initiated the ancient prose movement. Su Shi's article is free and easy, fresh and bold, with a little melancholy. Together with Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, Chao, they are called "Six Gentlemen of Su Men".
There are also the "Four Masters of the Southern Song Dynasty", namely Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda, Lu You and You Bao, which are comparable to the Northern Song Dynasty. Yang Wanli's poems are fresh and lively, focusing on natural scenery; Fan Chengda's poetry pays attention to people's livelihood, and its style is beautiful and graceful. Lu You's poems are famous for patriotism. His poems are neat and tidy, and later generations say "good confrontation is exhausted."
Ci is the abbreviation of Qu Zi Ci, also known as long and short sentences. According to the records of Song Ci, there were 1330 poets in Song Dynasty, and the total number of works and fragments reached more than 20,400. Ci is a symbolic genre of literature in Song Dynasty. Yan Shu is rich in the style of Huajian School. Liu Yong played a turning point in the history of the development of Song Ci. Su Shi also founded the unconstrained style school. Zhou Bangyan is the originator of metrical school, followed by Li Qingzhao, a poetess.
In addition, "talking" (storytelling) was very popular in the Song Dynasty, and the content of talking was the script. The most famous are Pinghua of the Three Kingdoms, Pinghua of the History of the New Five Dynasties, Buddhist Scriptures of Tang Poetry, and Xuanhe Legacy of the Great Song Dynasty. Some vernacular novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties were also adapted from scripts in Song Dynasty.