The theoretical basis of Ninjutsu is the Japanese art of war from China, which was developed by practicing Taoism and ambushing in the mountains. In peacetime, due to the rise of the samurai class, the art of ambush in the mountains was developed by the samurai. In the Yuan Ping era, he learned the Yuan Yijing of ambush in the mountains, successfully applied the technology of ambush in the mountains, and completed the theory of offensive tactics. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Kusunoki Masashige developed defensive techniques, and at the same time.
Ninjutsu school
During the Warring States period, Ninjutsu began to make great progress, because this era needed Ninjutsu very much, martial arts very much, and the art of war very much. But unlike the art of war and martial arts, Ninjutsu has its own uniqueness. There are several Ninjutsu schools in developed areas, which are named after the following places:
Musashi, Jia Fei, Yue Hou, Nong Xin, etc.
Iga, Kaga, Kyrgyzstan, etc.
Ninjutsu in the last three states is the most developed in Japan.
Ninjutsu textbook "Wan Ji Chuan Sea"
Originally, before Yamato's eastward expedition, these two places were indistinguishable, and they were both called IGA. Later, because of the separation of the names of Muromachi and Warring States, the school gradually separated. However, although schools are separate, the classic of ninja training is the same book, which we call "Wan Ji Chuan Sea". This book has all the theoretical foundations and skills to teach ninjas how to practice ninjas.
In the fourth year of Yan Bao (1676), the fourth generation general of Tokugawa family, Fujimori Yasuo, a hermit of Jiahe, combined the thoughts and martial arts essence of famous Chinese and Japanese celebrities in the past dynasties, and referred to the contents of Six Pagodas and Sun Tzu's Art of War, and wrote a ninja extreme training guide integrating forbearance, forbearance and forbearance. Referring to the thought of "A hundred schools of thought contend and returnees meet" in the selected works of Zuo Du Fu, an ancient Chinese book, the book was named Wan Ji Chuan Sea. As the name implies, "Wan Ji Chuan Sea" is to take the essence of each family.
Wan Ji Chuan Sea consists of six parts: mindfulness, cognition, yin tolerance, yang tolerance and meteorological tolerance. This book later became a must-read textbook for ninja practice. Tamia Liu and Sun Tzu's Art of War are two ancient works that have far-reaching influence on the overall development of Wan Ji Chuan Sea and Ninjutsu. It can also be seen that China's thoughts on ancient military martial arts have laid a solid theoretical foundation for the future development of Japanese Ninjutsu, which is the proof that Ninjutsu really originated in China. It can be said that "Wan Ji Chuan Sea" is a summary of Japanese learning the essence of ancient China's military and practicing metaphysics.
The evolution of ninja names
The name Ninja has existed since the Edo period in Japan, but the history of Ninja began earlier. It is said that in Japan, it was Prince Tokushima who sent "Ninja" to complete the task for the first time. At that time, ninjas were called "smart and convenient". According to the time and place, there are various titles. The following are the titles of ninjas in different periods at that time: Asuka period: "Willingness and convenience"; Nara era: Scout; Warring States Period: There are many names, and the most popular name is Luan Bo, which was named by Takeda Shingen. Edo Age: Ninja.
Although it was formally established in the Edo era, it was from this era that Japan entered a peaceful period ruled by the Tokugawa family for a long time, and its activities on the historical stage became less and less. Due to the loss of the stage of activities, ninjas gradually disappeared on the stage of history. So much so that many ninja skills have been lost. The last record of ninja activities is that in the "Shimahara Rebellion" of 1637, ninjas fought as the deployment of the shogunate.
Ninja's road to cultivation
Ninjutsu was very popular in Japan during the Warring States Period because of its practicality. Ninjutsu is a set of spy information technology system mastered by ancient Japanese ninjas, including tracking, reconnaissance, espionage, bodyguards, assassination and so on. Ninja skills superman, good at using weapons such as swords and hooks and hidden weapons such as darts; They can fly over the eaves, walk on the walls and fly around in the sand without making a sound; Hold your breath in the water for five minutes at most. If you use special equipment, you can stay underwater for a day and a night. They are good at fighting on the surface and underwater, and can even dive to the bottom of the ship and eavesdrop on people's conversations ... These superhuman skills can only be learned through inhuman training.
Spiritual cultivation: Ninjutsu is different from other martial arts. It emphasizes physical training, especially spiritual cultivation. Its whole training system is based on unimaginable spiritual cultivation. Because most of the tasks performed by ninjas are high-risk tasks that will never return, they need to overcome many difficulties such as death, loneliness, darkness, hunger, cold and injury to complete the tasks alone in the enemy's lair, so having strong spiritual strength is the real reason why Ninjutsu is invincible.
As a descendant of the ninja family, once born, you must accept the cruel fate reality-either become a ninja or die. Ninjas have been instilled with the idea of absolute loyalty to their masters since they were very young: no one will obey orders except their own masters, not even the Japanese emperor. This kind of ninja, who was brainwashed from childhood, is more fanatical and fearless than any religious believer. However, ninjas are not zombie warriors like cults. It has a set of practical training methods for powerful spiritual strength. This technology is the secret of Ninjutsu, and it is the practice of Dongmi. Tommy, like the Tibetan secret in China and the Indian secret, is a branch of Tantric Buddhism. Moreover, Tommi has always had its own unique inheritance in the development of human mind, and it has always been famous for its amazing speed in tantric circles. By practicing Tommi's secret method, ninjas have tempered their will, and their spirit has become extremely pure and tenacious, and their potential in the body will be maximized. You can completely get rid of your inner confusion and fear and concentrate on fighting. In addition, tantric believes that the human body has many mysteries and potentials. Only through the unremitting efforts of tantric Buddhism can practitioners exert their full potential, let the body communicate with the universe, and reach the realm of harmony between man and nature, which coincides with the ultimate body technique pursued by ninjas. Tantric Buddhism regards Tathagata as the master of all things and strongly advocates inheritance, mantras and secret spells. We can often see ninjas making many strange gestures in some film and television works or cartoons, which is one of the main ways to express Dong Mi's "nine-character secret seal": the nine-character mantra of "pro, soldier, fighter, all-round, true, fierce, present and front"
Skills training: Children of Ninja family, both male and female, must inherit their ancestors' professional traditions and generally receive training from the age of five. There are five types of training, namely, balance, agility, strength, persistence and special skills. Balance training begins with walking on a bamboo pole. When you can walk on a round bamboo pole without slipping, you will gradually raise the bamboo pole, and eventually it will rise to 30 to 40 feet high, reaching the level of running and jumping, so that you can climb up and down on trees, roofs and walls and walk like a fly. The same is true of sensitive training, jumping over the rope with a blade and circling in a narrow passage full of sharp knives and gun heads. Endurance and strength training is the most difficult, such as hanging your hands on a tree to support your whole body and putting hidden weapons under it, so that you can't let go of jumping. You can use fear to stimulate your potential in your body and support for a long time. Long-distance running is the basic skill of ninja, which requires running 50 kilometers without stopping. It is common to walk hundreds of miles every day. As for the training of special skills, it is even more surprising. In addition to the above, there are unarmed combat, poisoning and detoxification. Makeup is a ninja's specialty. They can make fake faces and change their gender. Let a ninja pass through the crowd and be recognized by several people. As a result, everyone sees different things, such as height, height, fatness and so on. It's really a "Thousand Faces Man". There is also invisibility. At the beginning of the article, it is said that the sudden disappearance of American ninjas in the smoke is a kind of. That is, the ninja digs a hole in advance, and then jumps into the hole under the cover of smoke, so that the pursuers lose their target and think that there is really invisibility (but generally, such holes are dug in the Woods and other places where it is easy to hide, and it is too exaggerated to disappear into the concrete floor like in the movie).
Physical training: Ninjutsu is also very cruel to the intensity of physical training. Every ninja must master the content of Ninjutsu. Moreover, every training is a death knockout, and those who can't bear it are not allowed to survive. Besides routine training, Ninjutsu also includes various "Machamp training", through which ninjas further hone their will, endurance and viability. This kind of Machamp training, such as not eating for several days, killing one's companions and fighting wild animals, is unimaginable.
Ninja achieved a superhuman leap from spirit to body through these inhuman practices with extremely high mortality. Gained extraordinary perseverance, endurance and combat effectiveness. Ninjas who survived through Ninjutsu training are all absolute full-power fighting machines.
Ninja and samurai
During the Warring States period, although they all served famous ministers, the identities of ninja and samurai were heaven and earth respectively, and the image was that ninja was a domestic slave and samurai was a domestic minister. Because most of the things ninjas do are secret events involving the upper-level power struggle, the danger is quite great, so their endings are often tragic. The danger comes from the employer first. These insidious and vicious social bigwigs, in order to achieve their goals by hook or by crook, often kill ninjas who perform tasks to silence them for fear of insider exposure.
Although ninjas are technically superior, they often miscalculate when performing tasks. A ninja braved the heat and sneaked into a vassal's home to assassinate him. In order not to make a sound, he just dug a hole in the soil with his hand, and it took him more than ten days to sneak under the tatami indoors. Just as he was finishing, the sweat on his body found flies and mosquitoes. The buzzing of insects aroused the suspicion of a guard, so the guard pulled out a knife, pierced the floor and killed the ninja hiding below.
The biggest enemy of a ninja is a samurai. Samurai in the light, ninja in the dark, hard to prevent. So samurai hate ninjas the most. Once a ninja is captured by a samurai, he is bound to receive the most cruel punishment. Skinning alive is torture. The skin is peeling off one by one, which is extremely painful and can't die immediately. Therefore, ninjas are absolutely unwilling to let the samurai take them alive. This is the most legendary story of a ninja. The ninja's name is ape-flying, because he has the ability to climb and jump in trees like an ape, coming and going without a trace; At the same time, he is also good at unarmed combat, and people can't catch him at all. Once, he was sent to spy on a general living in a castle and overheard a secret conversation between the general and a minister. But when he left the castle, he was found by the guards. He immediately jumped on the wall and cleverly avoided the pursuers. But when he jumped from the garden, he stepped into a hidden Sam Xiong trap and held his leg tightly. At this time, the general's guards surrounded him. Seeing this, the ape cut off the clamped leg with one knife and fled a distance on one foot. However, due to excessive blood loss, it is difficult to support. Seeing that the guards were getting closer and closer, the ape-fly knew that he had no hope of escape, so he simply stood in the same place and swore at the chasing guards, ruined his face with his sword, which made people unrecognizable, and then cut off his neck with his sword. A famous ninja ended his life sadly like this.
Those ninjas who survive are often lonely but can't live. Tokugawa Ieyasu's "Ghost Shimada Hanzo" who has served for many years can be described as a black and white ninja. As a person trusted by Tokugawa Ieyasu, he saved Tokugawa Ieyasu's name countless times, and he also fought in Sanhe Army many times. His life is the most brilliant example of ninja, and his salary when he died was only 8,000 stones, which was only a fraction of the treatment of the same meritorious generals. ......
Why are the ninja skills of Iga and Kaga so developed? Iga and Kaga are both close to Nagoya, located in a closed small basin, surrounded by mountains and obstacles, forming a small world of their own. But its strategic position is very important. Because * is close to central Feng Jingen, it is deeply influenced by Kyoto culture. There are many temples, monasteries and manors. Later, the manor system collapsed and local tyrants rose one after another. During the Warring States period, there were 60 local tyrants on such a small land, but because the land was very small, everyone wanted to seize the land from each other, so each family would probably raise 30-40 soldiers to deal with the "enemy country", and ninjas became an important force.
Takeda Shingen, a military commander who likes to use ninjas, likes to train ninjas, because Xin Xuan hates the secrets of his country being known by others. He loves those ninjas who drive themselves to practice (he calls them "Luanbo" and "Sanshou" (this is also the name of Takeda family for ninjas). Luanbo originated from vagrants and unemployed people in Afghanistan, Singapore and Vietnam, or was organized by bandits. So they became ninjas. In addition, "three" are the general names of "meeting", "meeting" and "meeting". These people are experts in scouts and spies. Xin Xuan sent Saemon, Futian Township, to control these ninjas.
List of famous ninjas
Bai Di Santaifu, also known as Betty Danbo. He is a local tyrant based in Ueno, Iga, and one of the three famous people in Ueno. In Oni Tsuka, he defeated Nobuo Oda's Iga Pacification Army. A legendary ninja who has been an enemy of Yokota all his life.
Ishikawa five Uemon, Iga ninja. As a subordinate of the Third Taifu of Baidi, he once sneaked into Osaka City to assassinate Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Unfortunately, it was discovered because it accidentally touched the treasure "Thousand Birds Incense Burner" and was later executed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
Fuma Coutarrous, leader of Luanbo in Xiangzhou. Serve five generations of northern families. Collect wartime information for the North Island family and carry out activities to destroy the enemy country. Legend has it that Fuuma Koutarou is 7 feet 2 inches tall. It is said that he organized a gang of thieves in Edo City after the demise of Kitajima. The "Uber Party" led by him is a ninja group active in the underworld, and there are many legends circulating among Japanese people.
Dr. Sasuke Suzuki, the leader of miscellaneous people. Zahezhong is a mercenary group with iron guns (muskets) as its main weapons. Because the iron cannon was precious at that time, the fighting capacity of the mixed people could not be ignored. Join hands with Hong Anji against Nobunaga. Later, he was killed in the battle with Toyotomi Hideyoshi!
Hattori Shimada Hanzo Hattori Han Zou Zhengcheng (1542- 1596).
Originally, the ancestor of almsgiving was a descendant of Qin, one of the clans in ancient Japan (in the middle of the 6th century), and Qin was an immigrant of Wu in China. Qin not only taught Japanese textile technology, but also staged "new music" performances all over Japan, which opened the eyes of the Japanese. The so-called "new music" is a very developed popular art in China from the end of the 3rd century to the beginning of the 4th century, including singing and dancing, acrobatics, acrobatics, magic, puppet shows, ventriloquism, and mass entertainment for training small animals such as dogs, monkeys and birds. It is said that this is a new technology that combines Tibetan art with China art. At that time, Qin's team mainly toured cities and temples in the south of China. Later, the organization gradually expanded and spread to all parts of China. Among them, two or three orchestras came to Japan across the ocean in search of a new world. The traditional name of Japanese kimono is "Wu Fu", and its etymology is taken from Wu State, the birthplace of Qin.
It is a branch of Qin Group. As for when to move to Iga? The age is not clear. How did the Hattori family develop the technique of "new music" into the art of war? There is no detailed historical data to trace back to the source. In short, the Hattori family left their hometown in the early years of15th century and returned to Songping Qingkang (Tokugawa Ieyasu's grandfather), a famous family in Sanhe, and became the servants of Songping family for generations. As the retainer of Tokugawa and Hattori, Shimada Hanzo led the Iga Ninja to establish many feats. So people are afraid to call him "Ghost Shimada Hanzo". Since then, the leader of the Tokugawa Ninja Army has also been fortunate to inherit the title of "Shimada Hanzo". However, Cheng Cheng's two sons are tragic figures: Tadashi Hattori, the eldest son, aroused the collective resistance of his subordinates because of selfishness and stupidity (which is extremely rare), and was later demoted as a civilian by Tokugawa Ieyasu. Later, in order to revive the family, he participated in the "Osaka Summer Campaign" in which Tokugawa Ieyasu attacked Toyotomi Hideyori in 16 15, and was killed in the battle. The second son Hattori was punished by exile because his wife's family was suspected of rebellion, and finally died in a foreign land.
Descendants of Ninja: A Quiet and Lonely Life
Are there any ninjas in Japan now? The answer is: yes. Japanese ninja families live in more than one place, but the most famous one is Ueno, Iga, which is the area around Ueno City, Mie Prefecture today. As the stars turn, the descendants of this kind of ninja naturally become law-abiding citizens, but they are very proud of their ancestors, or they use their ancestors wisely to attract tourists, so Ueno has become a unique "hometown of ninjas" in Japan and even in the world, attracting tourists under the signboard of assassins and spies.
You can reach Ueno City, Mie Prefecture by tram or JR from Osaka, Kyoto or Nagoya. It is more convenient to take the tram, which takes about two hours one way. Ueno is a small city, and all the scenic spots are within walking distance. Half-day sightseeing is enough, and you can go back and forth from Osaka, Kyoto or Nagoya on the same day. There are sightseeing maps in front of the tram station and at the entrance of Ueno Park, which can be obtained free of charge. The "Iga beef" produced in this area is very famous in Japan. There are several restaurants that mainly serve beef in front of the tram station. If you are interested, you might as well have a taste.
If you join a tour group, the tour guide will begin to instill the basic knowledge of ninja on the train. Japanese people have been exposed to their own comics and martial arts films since childhood (called "Time Drama" in Japan). Talking about ninjas is just like China people talking about Shaolin Boxing and Wudang Sword. Although the commentator himself is probably a layman, it is no problem to fool foreign tourists who are curious and ignorant. Stop * in ueno station platform tram head is a ninja's face-only covered with a pair of vigilant eyes. Many tourists come here to take photos with the ninja, as if the train is a symbol of the ninja.
In the Iga Ninja Museum in Ueno, visitors can see the descendants of ninjas pretending to practice their moves, and the tour guide will say excitedly that these are superb performances of ninjas: tourists don't know how to do them anyway. The words "pro, soldier, fighter, philosopher, monarch, truth, fierceness, puppets and money" and the ninja who meditated on them have long been lost in the long river of history.