Life of Liu Hulan
■ She joined the League at the age of 10, but joined the Party at the age of 14 and became a female officer in the district. He was not 15 years old when he was lying on the hay cutter.
Liu Hulan, formerly known as Liu Fulan, 1932 10 was born in a middle-class peasant family in Wenshui County, Shanxi Province. Mother died young, and father Liu continued to marry. The word "Fu" in Liu Fulan's name was changed to "Hu" and renamed as Liu Hulan. Stepmother actively participated in the work of the Women's Rescue Association and supported Liu Hulan's participation in the revolution.
Liu Hulan entered the village primary school at the age of 8 and joined the league at the age of 10. 1945 10, Liu Hulan attended the "Training Course for Female Cadres" organized by Wenshui County Committee of China. After studying for more than a month, she returned to the village and served as the secretary of the village women's national salvation association. 1946 In May, Liu Hulan was transferred to the "Anti-Union" female officer in the fifth district; In June, Liu Hulan was absorbed to prepare for party member, and was transferred back to Yunzhou West Village to lead the local land reform movement.
1in the autumn of 946, the Kuomintang troops attacked the liberated areas on a large scale, and the Wenshui County Committee decided to leave a few armed forces to persist in the struggle and a large number of cadres went up the mountain. At that time, Liu Hulan also received a notice of transfer, but she volunteered to stay and persist in the struggle. /kloc-a 0/4-year-old woman, born in party member, travels in her hometown which has become an enemy-occupied area, secretly mobilizes the masses and cooperates with the armed forces to fight against the enemy.
Shi Peihuai, the reactionary village chief of Yunzhouxi Village, sent food, money and information to Yan Xishan's army, which became a local disaster. 1one day in February, 946, Liu Hulan cooperated with the people of the armed forces to put him to death. Yan Xishan's bandit troops became angry from embarrassment and decided to take revenge. 1947 65438+1October 12, Yanjun suddenly attacked Yunzhou West Village, and Liu Hulan was arrested for being a traitor. She calmly gave the silver ring given by her grandmother, the handkerchief given by the company commander of the Eighth Route Army, and three precious souvenirs to her stepmother as a pledge to join the party, which was taken away by the aggressive enemy. Liu Hulan was unmoved by threats and inducements. Before being taken to the hay cutter, he saw the bandit troops connecting several people and asked angrily, "How could I die?" After the bandit troops shouted "Same", she lay on the knife seat. Liu Hulan died before 15 years old.
background
■ While commanding the national war, Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for Liu Hulan: "Great life, glorious death!"
Liu Hulan is the youngest female martyr known to the China * * * Production Party. With feelings for the people and firm belief in the ideal of capitalism, she was indomitable in the face of the hay cutter and died. This kind of performance is the result that the revolutionary education of the * * * production party has penetrated into the hearts of millions of peasants in Qian Qian, Qian Qian.
The revolutionary war led by China's Producer Party is essentially a new peasant war, which is to mobilize and arm millions of peasants who used to be small producers with the ideas of the advanced class. Liu Hulan, as a rural teenager aged 14, can join the * * * production party. First of all, she received the education of the Party from the Children's League and saw that the land reform led by the Party brought fundamental benefits to poor farmers. In order to defend the interests of this class, she can neither be greedy for money nor be afraid of death. Finally, in the face of the enemy's inducement, she only replied, "Give me a gold man without confession." On the execution ground, she shouted again: "I'm afraid of death, I won't be a party." At that time, the bandit troops pulled a few people out of the crowd at the scene and asked them to fight Liu Hulan, but no one did, which just showed the relationship between the party and the masses at that time.
On March 26th, 1947, Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for Liu Hulan: "Great life, glorious death!" On the eighth day after the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China just retreated from Yan 'an, Mao Zedong decided to leave northern Shaanxi and deal with the Kuomintang troops in a guerrilla way. At this critical juncture, the leaders of the whole party wrote such words for a young woman, party member, during their busy schedule of commanding the national war, which has the implication of inspiring the whole party and all the people in the liberated areas to fight bravely.
story
■ Liu Hulan also had a rich emotional life in his short youth. She was engaged twice, fell in love once, and experienced a ghost marriage after her sacrifice.
■ Before her execution, she gave the handkerchief given to her by Wang Lianchang as the most precious thing to her stepmother for preservation.
After the national liberation, Liu Hulan's deeds were written into books, adapted into plays, movies and TV series, and his village was once changed to "Liu Hulan Village". On the occasion of 1957, the Liu Hulan Martyrs Sacrifice 10 anniversary, the Liu Hulan Martyrs Cemetery was built locally. In front of the tomb of the martyr, there is a full-length portrait of Liu Hulan carved out of white marble, holding one's head high.
Liu Hulan, who lived in the countryside at that time, had never taken a photo. The image was created by Hu Wenxiu, the stepmother, and orally introduced the appearance characteristics of Liu Hulan, which was enlarged and processed by the original work created by Wang Chaowen, a famous sculptor.
Most of the artistic images displayed by Liu Hulan are awe-inspiring and powerful. In fact, he had a rich emotional life in his youth as a martyr.
Liu Hulan was engaged to be married twice, talked about love once, and experienced a ghost marriage after his sacrifice. At the beginning of 1946, parents betrothed Liu Hulan to Chen Delin, a young man from a neighboring village, according to local customs. However, since both sides advocate free love, they agreed to go home and persuade their parents to dissolve their engagement.
In June of the same year, Liu Hulan was admitted to the Party, and soon someone came to propose. Because the man was an apprentice in Taigu County and didn't often go home, Liu Hulan refused because he didn't know the real situation of the man. At that time, Liu Hulan was at the beginning of youth, pursuing independent love and marriage.
In the autumn of the same year, Wang, the company commander of a certain regiment of the People's Liberation Army, was sent to Yunzhou West Village to recuperate. Liu Hulan often went to cook and take medicine for Wang. After much contact, they fell in love. At that time, living in a country with serious feudal thoughts, this behavior showed exactly an anti-feudal ideological emancipation.
Because of the dangerous war environment and Liu Hulan's young age, she and Wang Yizhi didn't talk about marriage. At that time, Wang Lianchang only gave Liu Hulan a blanket, a pen and a pair of glasses as a token of love. When he returned from injury, he gave Liu Hulan a small handkerchief as a souvenir. Liu Hulan gave this handkerchief to her stepmother as the most precious thing before her execution.
After Liu Hulan's sacrifice, Liu Guangqian, an uncle, was in charge. She and Shi Liuer, who died together, matched a match according to local customs. 1957, Liu Hulan Martyrs Cemetery was completed, and Liu Hulan's body was moved into the cemetery alone, thus ending the ghost marriage.
Ruthlessness is not necessarily a hero. Heroes are also flesh and blood, and every hero can't live without a specific background and living environment. Liu Hulan martyr had a rich emotional world before her death, which made her heroic image more amiable and credible. ,
Dong Cunrui,
In the northern suburb of Longhua County, Hebei Province, there lies the heroic spirit of Dong Cunrui, a model of party member and a famous national fighting hero. In the pines and cypresses, stands a magnificent monument, which is engraved with the inscription of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De: "Give your life for your country and be immortal!"
Dong Cunrui, 1929, a native of Huailai County, Hebei Province. Born in a poor peasant family. /kloc-when he was 0/3 years old, he was the head of the children's team, cleverly covering the secretary of the district party Committee to escape from the Japanese invaders, and was known as the "little hero against Japan." Joined the Eighth Route Army in July, 1945. Later, he served as the monitor of Class 6 of a certain department. /kloc-0 joined the China * * * production party in March, 947. He is proficient in military technology and brave in combat. He captured more than 65,438+00 enemies in a single battle. He made great contributions three times and four times, and won three "Bravery Medals" and 1 "Mao Zedong Medals". The class he led won the title of "Dong Cunrui Training Demonstration Class".
1On May 25th, 948, our army attacked Longhua City. Dong Cunrui's company undertakes the task of attacking Longhua Middle School, the key defensive point of the Kuomintang defenders. He served as the leader of the blasting group, led his comrades to blow up four turrets and five bunkers in succession, and successfully completed the specified tasks. The company immediately launched a charge and was suddenly blocked by the fierce fire of a hidden bridge bunker. The troops were blocked in the open area, and Class Two and Class Four failed to bomb the bunker twice in a row. Dong Cunrui came forward and begged the company commander: "I am party member, please allow me to go!" Resolutely picked up the explosive charge and rushed to the bunker. On the way, he injured his left leg and stubbornly insisted on rushing to the bridge. Because the bridge bunker is higher than the ground, it is impossible to place explosives on both abutments. At a critical juncture, he did not hesitate to raise the explosive charge in his left hand, lit the fuse in his right hand and shouted, "For the new China, go!" When the bunker was bombed, Dong Cunrui used his life to open the way for the troops. He is only 19 years old.
Sima Guang was born in Tianxi, North Song Zhenzong (10 19) and died in Yuan You in the first year of Zhezong (1086). Shi Jun was born in Xushui Town, Xiaxian County, Shaanxi Province in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the third year of Xining (1070), because of his different political views from Wang Anshi, he insisted on resigning as a Tang emissary and got to know Yongxing Army (now Xi City, Shaanxi Province) as a bachelor in Duanming Temple. The following year, he was sentenced to Xijing Yushitai and retired to Luoyang, specializing in writing history 15. Zhezong ascended the throne, came to power after he was tall, and called Sima Guang to be the prime minister (left servant and assistant minister of Shangshu). He was posthumously given a surname, named Wen Guogong and Shi.
Sima Guang's family is an official, and his father Sima Chi is a famous minister of the Qing Dynasty in Baoyuan, Song Renzong. He was a doctor from the Ministry of War to Tianzhangge. He was honest and kind all his life and enjoyed a high reputation. Influenced by his family, Sima Guang is sincere and studious. At the age of seven, he was "respected as an adult, and he could achieve his great ambition by hearing Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals." From then on, he never put down the book, nor did he know the hunger and thirst of cold and heat. The articles he wrote at the age of 65,438+05 were praised as "pure and muddy, with the wind of the Western Han Dynasty", and he was a scholar at the age of 20. However, he did not regard it as "boasting that Kunming is full of ambition and Kunming is in things, such as saying that the big world cannot be self-sufficient." Instead, he boldly put forward: "When a saint is alive, he must do righteousness, show others by virtue, and spread evil in what name outside the region!" These words reflect the mind and knowledge of young Sima Guang, and he is determined to make contributions with benevolence and not seek false reputation. As a result, Sima Guang, who entered the official career, continued his extensive and in-depth study and reached a profound level in erudition, music, calendar, astronomy and skills. Among them, the hardest study is the study of Confucian classics and history. Especially _ reading ancient books is very extensive, and the investigation is very detailed, which can be said to be familiar. He took notes while reading. At the age of 26, he wrote as many as 30 historical notes, from which he sprouted the idea of reducing the voluminous ancient history into a chronological general history to facilitate reading. The deeper motivation was the needs of feudal politics.
At that time, it was nearly a hundred years since the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, and various crises had emerged. Sima Guang has a strong Confucianism. He treats the world with a positive attitude and has made a series of remarks on his ideas of governing the country many times. He generally regarded talent, courtesy, benevolence and trust as the fundamental measures for Anbang to govern the country, which was of positive significance at that time. In addition to stating your own opinions, you can also adhere to principles and actively implement decision-making strategies that are beneficial to the country in your political activities. Especially in the struggle of recommending sages and reprimanding others, he argued face to face and never cared about personal safety. Known as the minister of the country, Zong Shen also said with emotion: "If the light is there, it is always there, and there is no mistake."
During JaeHee's Ning political reform, there were serious differences between Sima Guang and Wang Anshi, who presided over the political reform. As far as the dedication to the country is concerned, the two are consistent, but they are biased in specific measures. Wang Anshi mainly focused on the financial and military problems at that time and solved the urgent need through drastic economic and military reform measures. Sima Guang believes that in the persistence period, people's thoughts should be bound within the constraints of the original system through the rectification of ethical norms. Even if it is reformed, it must be safe. He believes that "to govern the world is like sleeping, I must do it, and if it is not bad, I will not do it", because "bad is to be changed and to be a good craftsman. Today, there is neither, and I am afraid of storms. " Sima Guang's thought is conservative; But it is actually a reform strategy based on "keeping normal". Judging from the deviation and improper employment in Wang Anshi's political reform, it proves that Sima Guang is politically sophisticated and mature, but he is not as mature as Wang Anshi except for his courage.
In the case of different political views and difficulties in cooperation, Sima Guang retired to Luoyang, edited history books, took history as a mirror, and "made viewers blame themselves for the gains and losses of good and evil". It should be said that Sima Guang's writing history is another way for him to govern the country from politics. As early as the reign of Emperor Jiayou (1056- 1063), he once discussed with him and said, "I want to entrust this matter with the fact that Zhou Weilie made Han, Zhao and Wei princes, and this matter ended in the Five Dynasties. Because of the chronological style of Qiu Ming, I imitated Xun Yue's short essays, collected old works, and became a family. " This shows that when he was in his thirties, he had already brewed the scale of Tongjian. Song Yingzong recorded 25 volumes in the first year of Zhiping (1064), and eight volumes were recorded two years later, indicating that he made it after political activities. His history was praised and supported by Song Yingzong and Song Shenzong, and Song Yingzong agreed that he should set up a publishing house and choose his own official family. Zong Shen named the book Zi Tong Zhi Jian because of the past, and made a preface to show his attention. Zongshen not only allowed Sima Guang to borrow all the books and materials in the country, but also gave 3,400 old books of Yingdi to Sima Guang for reference. The cost of pens, ink, silks, silks, fruit bait money and so on required for repairing books was provided by the state, which provided favorable conditions for him to write books.
Although Sima Guang is enthusiastic about governing the country, he has no more opportunities to directly participate in politics because of his different political views. It was not until Song Shenzong died in the eighth year of Song Yuanfeng (1085) that Sima Guang, 67, was asked to abolish the new law and returned to the palace, became a minister, started "Yuan You Duo" and stopped the new law. He was in power for a year and a half, worked day and night, and died after exhausting his life's efforts. The bad news came that "the people in Beijing went on strike to hang themselves, dressed and drank, and the number of people crying in the lane was tens of millions." When the coffin was delivered to Xiaxian County, the funeral ceremony was "the people cried bitterly, as if they were crying for their private relatives." Tens of thousands of people will be buried in all directions. " As for the portrait commemoration, "the world is everywhere, and every family hangs elephants, and food must have a wish." It is rare for a prime minister of a feudal society to be so widely and sincerely mourned by the people, and it is also a historical necessity.
wen tianxiang
(1236- 1283), formerly known as Sun Yun, is also known as Wenshan. Jizhou luling (now Ji' an county) people. Outstanding national hero and patriotic poet in Southern Song Dynasty.
In the fourth year of Baoyu (1256), he won the top prize, but he was unable to enter the official position because of his father's funeral. In the early Qing Dynasty (1259), Mongolian troops attacked Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei), and eunuch Dong asked to move the capital to avoid the enemy's front. Wen Tianxiang offered a plan to defend the enemy in order to inspire people, and asked Dong to behead him, which was not adopted. Later, he served as a Langguan of the Ministry of Punishment, Zhizhou Ruizhou and other posts. In the sixth year of Xian Chun (1270), he was dismissed for offending the traitor Jia Sidao. In the first month of the first year of Deyou (1275), Wen Dongjin, Wen Tianxiang organized an uprising army in Ganzhou and took Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty). The following year, he was appointed as the right prime minister and Tang envoy. At that time, the Yuan army had advanced on Lin 'an, was sent to Yuanying for negotiation, was detained and taken to the north. At the end of February, Tianxiang and his guest Du Hu and others 12 died in Zhou Zhen at night. South by sea, Fujian, Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu, etc. Insist on resisting Yuan. In the second year of Jingyan (1277), he entered Jiangxi and recovered many counties. Soon, defeated by Yuan's heavy troops, his wife and children were arrested and many soldiers died. Tian Xiang escaped alone, retreated to Guangdong and continued to resist Yuan. Later, he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng County, Guangdong Province) in December of the same year because a traitor led Yuan soldiers to attack him. The Yuan Dynasty forced Zhang Hongfan to surrender to Zhang Shijie, which is a poem in the book Crossing Ding Yang. The last sentence says: "No one has died in life since ancient times. Take the heart of Dan and follow the history of history." The following year, he was escorted to Dadu (now Beijing) and imprisoned for four years. After various severe tests, he never gave in. He died peacefully in 1283 at the age of 47.
Wen Tianxiang wrote a lot of poems, words and essays. Among them, there are more than 100 poems with high achievements. There is The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan. Among them, Crossing the Ocean and Song of Justice are eternal masterpieces.