I. Ancient history
Korean history can be traced back to 2333 BC. It is said that Dangen is a legend in Korean history, born of a son of a god and a woman of a tribe with a totem of bears. Dangun established the first kingdom in Korean history. Historians call this early history the "ancient Korea" era. The initial feature of ancient Korea was to form a clan society of small city-states, and then the small city-states gradually merged into a tribal alliance with complex political structure, and finally formed a kingdom.
Second, unify Silla and Bohai Sea.
In the middle of the 6th century, Silla Kingdom conquered the neighboring Garda Kingdom, and formed a military alliance with the Tang Dynasty in China to conquer Goguryeo and Baekje Kingdom. When China revealed later in the Tang Dynasty that Goguryeo and Baekje were to be incorporated into its imperial territory, Silla resisted by force. In 676 AD, Silla expelled China people from the Korean Peninsula. Later, the former Koguryo people living in south-central Manchuria established the Bohai Kingdom in 698.
In 926 AD, Bohai Kingdom was destroyed by the Khitans, and many people of its ruling class (mostly Koguryo people) moved south to join the newly established Korean Kingdom. Silla unified the Korean peninsula in 668 AD, and entered the heyday of prosperity in the middle of the 8th century. In 935 AD, King Silla formally surrendered to the newly established Koryo dynasty.
Third, South Korea.
Although the Korean peninsula is frequently invaded by foreign countries, it has been ruled by a single government since the reunification of Silla in 668, maintaining political independence, culture and national traditions. Both Koryo dynasty (9 18- 1392) and Korea dynasty (1392- 19 10) consolidated political power, developed culture and expelled invaders such as Khitan, Mongolia and Japan.
Wang Jian, the founding monarch of the Koryo dynasty, was a general under the rebellious Prince Gong of Silla. He chose his hometown of Song Yue (now Kaesong, North Korea) as the capital, and claimed to recover Koguryo's lost land in the northeast of China. He named his kingdom Koryo, hence the name of Korea.
Fourth, North Korea.
1392, General Li Chenggui established a new dynasty-Korea. The early rulers of Korea supported Confucianism as the guiding philosophy of the kingdom to offset the dominant Buddhist influence in the Korean era.
1592, Japan invaded Korea and prepared to launch a war of aggression against China. At sea, General Li Shunchen (1545- 1598), the most respected figure in Korean history, commanded the "Turtle Boat" to fight against the Japanese army and won a series of brilliant victories. This "turtle ship" is considered to be the earliest armored warship in the world.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Japanese occupation and Korean independence movement
/kloc-In the 9th century, South Korea remained "closed to the outside world" and resolutely opposed the western requirements for establishing diplomatic relations and trade. Since then, some Asian and European countries with imperialist ambitions have competed to exert influence on the Korean Peninsula. After defeating China and Russia, Japan forcibly annexed South Korea in 19 10 and began colonial rule.
1 965438+March 20091day, Koreans launched a nationwide protest, and thousands of people died. Despite "three? The "independence movement" failed, but it strengthened the unity of the Korean nation and inspired patriotism. This movement led to the establishment of provisional Korean governments in China and Shanghai, and an organized armed struggle against Japanese colonialists in Manchuria. The Korean people still commemorate the "three? An independence movement "and make it a national holiday.
The establishment of the intransitive verb Republic of Korea
In June 1947+0 1, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution demanding that South Korea hold general elections under the supervision of a United Nations committee. However, the Soviet Union refused to implement United Nations resolutions and refused to allow the United Nations Commission to enter northern Korea. Therefore, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a new resolution calling for holding elections where the committee can reach.
South Korea's first presidential election was held in May 1948 south of the 38th parallel. This line eventually divides the Korean peninsula into two parts: north and south. From 65438 to 0948, Li Chengwan was elected as the first president of the Republic of Korea. At the same time, the * * * party regime under the leadership of Kim Il Sung was established north of the 38th parallel.
Seven. modern history
1On June 25th, 950, North Korea attacked South Korea and the Korean War broke out. In the absence of industrialized countries such as the Soviet Union, the United States and other leading United Nations resolutions at that time mobilized United Nations troops to support South Korea. South Korea supported by the United Nations forces, the Soviet Union and People's Republic of China (PRC) supported Korea to resist US aggression and aid Korea. Finally, a ceasefire agreement was signed on July 27, 1953, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea ruled along the demilitarized zone along the 38th parallel.
After the partition of North and South Korea, South Korea experienced repeated alternation of democracy and dictatorship: the first republic was under the dictatorship of New Korea until the collapse of 1960, and the second democratic republic was established, with Yin as its president, but it was overthrown by park chung-hee's army soon after. Later, from the Third Republic to the Fifth Republic, South Korea was under the authoritarian rule of park chung-hee and Quan Dou Huan's military government.
After 1987, the Sixth Republic began to gradually establish a free and democratic government.
Extended data:
Ji zi, Korea (about 1 122 ~ 194). Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty in China, recorded in Historical Records that after Zhou Wuwang, Ji Zi, the uncle of Zhou Wang, the last king of the Shang Dynasty, moved eastward to the northern part of the Korean Peninsula with the etiquette and system of the Shang Dynasty, and was elected as the monarch by the people there, establishing a "country after Ji Shi", which was called "Jizi Korea" in history.
After King Wu's attack was successful, he went to look for Ji Zi. Later, under the persuasion of others, he agreed to join the Zhou royal family. After the enfeoffment of the vassal state, Kiko became a vassal state, which was located in the northern part of the Korean peninsula and bordered by Yan State in the west. Since then, Jizi Korea has existed as a vassal state of the Zhou Dynasty for 800 years.
During the period of Dynasty Xian and Lee Korea, Korea was highly respected and appreciated because of the prosperity of Confucianism. Koreans often call Ji Zi "Ji Sheng" and their country "Ji Guo Sheng".
Unofficial history's "History of the Three Kingdoms" records that when Ji Zi came to the Korean Peninsula, in order to avoid conflicts with people brought by Ji Zi, Dangun's descendants moved south with their people. These people later became the ancestors of Sanhan.
Before 1960s, Jizi Korea was considered as the earliest country in Korean history. Modern Koreans denied the existence of Jizi Korea. But in any case, Jizi Korea belongs to the historical category of China, which is neither the ancestor of Koreans nor the historical regime of South Korea.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-History of the Republic of Korea