During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, it was developed from folk songs. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, Chongqing opened its port in the late Qing Dynasty, and merchants and geisha who entered Chongqing and Sichuan from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River sang a ditty. Literati, businessmen, bureaucrats and others wrote lyrics, arranged music and sang ditties, and Qin Yue's musical form gradually matured. In 1930s and 1940s, Yin Qing in Sichuan was almost the "most popular song" at that time. "That was in the 1950s and 1960s. Every time a cultural performance was held in Chongqing, Yin Qing was the main track, and there were more than 500 performances in half a year.
In the early days, it was called "singing a ditty" or "singing a minor", and it was called "singing Qin Yue" or "singing the pipa" because the artist played Qin Yue or the pipa himself. It was named "Yin Qing, Sichuan" only after 1950s. Singing in Sichuan dialect is popular in cities and rural areas with Chengdu as the center, as well as land and water docks along the Yangtze River. Yin Qing in Sichuan developed from the tunes of Ming and Qing Dynasties and Sichuan folk songs. Music is very rich, 100 more than a tune. Such as [Zhao tune], [Back tune], [Jujube pole tune], [Horsehead tune], [Overlapping broken bridge], [Small pink], [Yinniu Temple], [Plum blossom fall] and so on. The vocal structure of music can be divided into two categories: Qupai and Banqiang. There are two kinds of board cavity: "Han tune" and "anti-Xipi". The traditional singing method is to sit, that is, put one or two square tables, with the singer sitting facing the audience, the lead singer in the center (mostly female artists), and the pianist sitting on the left and right sides of the lead singer, with Qin Yue, pipa or sanxian on the left and a bowl piano, erhu or small huqin on the right. This way is mainly sung in teahouses and libraries, but also on the street or in hotels and inns. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, there were many artists in Yin Qing, Sichuan, and there was a scene of "singing Qin Yue in the streets and lanes, and the teahouse and hotel were full". In Qing Dynasty, Wu wrote in his "Chengdu Ci": "It is really prosperous, not only cooking 202,000 cigarettes. Put it neatly, there are more than 400 streets, and it is messy every night. " . It is in this prosperous situation that Yin Qing, Sichuan has produced famous artists from generation to generation.
Where did Sichuan Yin Qing originate? What's the difference between Yin Qing in Sichuan and Yin Qing in Chongqing? Deng, a 75-year-old artist, said that after liberation, the development of Sichuan in Chongqing and Chengdu gradually diverged. Chengdu is still dominated by minor, while Chongqing is dominated by major. Jiang Zhujun sung by him is in major form.
Tan Boshu, an old artist of Quyi Troupe who has studied Yin Qing in Chongqing for many years, said that Yin Qing in Chongqing has more historical facts to check than Chengdu. "Many teachers in Chengdu went to Chengdu from Hechuan and Jiangjin in Chongqing in the late Qing Dynasty." In addition, what is even less known is that the name "Yin Qing in Sichuan" comes from Chongqing, and the first person who stood and sang Yin Qing was also from Chongqing!
In the early days of Yin Qing, Sichuan, it was called "singing ditty" and "singing minor tune", and it was also called "singing Qin Yue" or "singing pipa" because artists played Qin Yue or pipa themselves when singing. 1930, Chang Ming' an, with its special influence and social influence, founded the "Qing Yin Reform Association" near Jiaochangkou, "officially renamed" Yueqin "and revealed the name of" Qing Yin ". After liberation, Chongqing established the Quyi Singing Production Troupe (the predecessor of the Municipal Quyi Troupe) to train and perform in the public gardens. By chance, the name of "Sichuan Yin Qing" was officially confirmed.
"At that time, the production team performed more than 20 programs including voiceless music every day. Every day, we hang the program list of the day's performance at the entrance of the publicity room. The source is written in front of each program, such as Shandong Drum and Beijing Crosstalk. " At first, the production team only wrote the word "Yin Qing" on the wooden sign as a performance. Later, people gradually asked why other programs had their own places. Except for Yin Qing, the production team added the word "Sichuan" before Yin Qing. Since then, "Yin Qing, Sichuan" has been officially named and deeply rooted in people's hearts.
Besides professional artists, there are many amateurs in Yin Qing, Sichuan, who are called "playmates". They can not only sing, but also play the pipa or Qin Yue. Some of them play quite well. There are also some playmate organizations in Yin Qing, which have promoted the development of Yin Qing art in Sichuan. In 1950s and 1960s, Yin Qing in Sichuan entered the theater, and the form of sitting singing was gradually replaced by standing singing. Instead, the actors beat bamboo drums and sang on the board, accompanied by small bands. The musical instruments are Pipa, Gao Hu, Erhu and Zhonghu. The accompanist plays a supporting role and participates in the chorus.