There are dead ducks in the wild, covered with white grass. If a girl is pregnant, she will be lured by good luck. There are Pujiang trees in the forest and dead deer in the fields. There are pure bunches of white grass, and there are women like jade. Feel free and comfortable! I don’t feel like I’m a coward! No one can even bark! ——Pre-Qin Dynasty·Anonymous "Guo Feng·Zhaonan·There are dead quills in the wild" Guo style·Zhaonan·There are dead quills in the wilds There are dead quills in the wild, covered with white grass. If a girl is pregnant, she will be lured by good luck.
There are cypress trees in the forest and dead deer in the wild. There are pure bunches of white grass, and there are women like jade.
Relax! I don’t feel like I’m a coward! No one can even bark! The Book of Songs on Love Translation and Commentary
Literal Translation
A dead deer was in the wilderness, wrapped in wisps of white grass. There was a young girl who was in love with her, and a young man chased her and teased her.
There are many small trees in the forest, and there is a small dead deer in the wilderness. To whom is Baimao trapped? There was a girl with a beautiful face.
"Take your time, don't panic! Don't touch my apron! Don't make the dogs bark!"
Free translation
The fragrant deer died in the wild, Imperata wrapping is appropriate. The girl is full of love, and the handsome man is good at seducing her.
No one cares about the deer in the forest, and even salutes a dead deer in the wild. The package of white grass is buried in the ground, and the girl like jade belongs to you.
Slowly take off your skirt, don't touch the belt, sorry. Don't let the dogs bark, or the girl will follow you for the rest of her life. Appreciation: It is an innocent love song
(1) The man carefully wrapped the newly caught deer in white grass and gave it to his beloved woman with a rough and uneasy mood, saying that the girl was just like this white grass. Pure and beautiful.
(2) The girl was embarrassed to ask him not to be too rude when the two were making out, so as not to attract onlookers. This shows that the two ancient young men and women treated love in a natural, direct and proactive manner. She is sincere and generous, simple and straightforward, not pretentious, and the girl still has the shyness of being young.
(3) Deer and deer were both necessary gifts for the ancients when seeking marriage. The reference to the deer and deer in the poem has profound meaning.
The Book of Songs is a collection of poems written from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period for about 500 years. At that time, the society was transitioning from a slave society to a feudal society, ethics and ethics had not yet been formed, and the social atmosphere was relatively open. In ancient times, the attitudes of men and women towards sex were not as restricted by ethics and education as in later generations, so men and women expressed their love more boldly and directly. Talking about love and making love between men and women are the inflow of people's pure temperament and should not be described as lustful or inconsistent with etiquette, justice and shame.
"Death in the Wild" is extremely valuable because of its clear and direct confrontation with the theme of praising love. There are three sections in the poem. The first two sections describe the love between men and women in the narrator's voice, which is simple and candid. The description technique of changing the narrative angle in the third paragraph makes the whole poem blend with the scenes, and the front and side cover each other, which is implicit and attractive, praising the natural and innocent love between men and women. Later generations' appreciation of "Death in the Wild" should be based on the current social situation, folk customs and cultural background at that time, so as not to be biased. Appreciation
One of the themes of appreciation: Love Poetry
"There is a dead duck in the wild, wrapped in white grass. There is a girl who is pregnant with spring, and good luck lures her." The first two sentences are Qixing, that is, Wrap the dead body with white grass to express cherishment, and the phrase "women are like jade" below is used to express cherishment. According to "Yi": "The old man gets his female wife. The old woman gets his scholar husband"; "Guoyu": "If a scholar is dismissed, he will have no companions; if a daughter is dismissed, she will have no home"; and "Lieh Zi": "Thinking about a scholar without his wife, thinking "A woman becomes pregnant without her husband"; and "Xunzi": "A woman does not care about becoming a husband, and a virgin does not care about becoming a scholar." It can be seen that in ancient times, unmarried women were called women, and unmarried men were called scholars. Good luck meant beauty and kindness. , "Jishi" is a brave man, which is opposite to "there are women like jade" below. Huaichun means that a woman has reached the marriageable age and is eager to get married. The meaning of this chapter is that there was a brave man who wrapped the killed scorpion in white grass from the wild, gave it to the woman he liked, and proposed to her. It describes the simple love between ordinary men and women in the countryside. "There are dead beasts in the wild" indicates that the man's occupation may be a hunter. Wrapping prey and giving it to the people you like is in line with their living habits. Wang Xianqian said: "The poet got excited after looking at the things, and said that even if there was a dead squid in the wild, if he wanted to take it back, he would wrap it with white grass to show his solemnity." This is good evidence for this judgment.
"There are Pujiang in the forest, and there are dead deer in the wild. White grass is pure, and there are women like jade." These two lines are the key to understanding the whole poem. "Shuowen" understands "Puzhen" as a kind of small wooden stick with intention, which can be burned. "A woman is like jade" describes a woman who is in her twenties and eight years, pure and flawless. "A pure bunch of white mao, a girl is like jade" means to use white mao to wrap small trees such as Puyang and dead deer, and give them to pure white women, which represents the beginning of family life, that is, Jishi proposes to the woman. Some scholars believe that "having a woman like jade" means that a woman has noble moral character. For example, Zheng Jian said: "If there are dead deer in the park or in the wild, they can be wrapped in white grass as a gift and can be widely used. If they are like jade, take them "It's hard and white" means the word "jade" is interpreted as "hard and white". Wang Xianqian said: "There is a lotus tree in the forest, which is only needed for firewood. There is a dead deer in the wild, which is not a valuable thing. However, when I take it back, I must tie it up with white grass to prevent it from falling."
There are women today who are like flawless jade, do they not care about self-love? "That is to say, even something that is not very valuable like venison must be wrapped with white grass, let alone a woman who wants to be flawless and beautiful, but she just doesn't love herself?
"Shuertuotuo Come on, I'm barking without feeling, I'm barking without feeling! "Shuowen": "Shu, slow down." Touching, touching. 娨, wearing a scarf. "Tiao" refers to "Nvdui", "Shuowen": "Nvdui, it is good", in connection with the above, it can be seen that Jishi hopes to have a husband and wife ceremony with the woman early, which is in line with the psychological characteristics of men in love. For women, She is more rational and considerate. She hopes that the man will not be in a hurry, take it easy, don't move her scarf, and don't disturb her dog at home. It vividly displays a picture of young men and women in love, reflecting the simplicity of Western Zhou society. There is no big deviation in the understanding of this poem. They all understand that the woman hopes that the man will pay attention to his image, be chic and relaxed, and choose a date to propose marriage to the woman's house, rather than being hasty.
Qing Dynasty scholar Yao Jiheng believed: "This poem is a poem about the relationship between the people in the mountains and the timely marriage. "Ji Shi is a hunter. He uses his prey to propose to women, which is a natural behavior for marriageable men and women in rural areas: "If a woman is pregnant, the scholar will seduce her, and her words are timely; Ji Shi, if she is a beautiful girl, her words are equal. On the eve of the love affair, when the woman is relaxed and relaxed without any sense of lasciviousness or barking, is it also true that her feelings of lust are unabashed? "This view has been echoed by modern scholars. "The Book of Songs Direct Interpretation" mentioned: ""There is a Death in the Wild" is undoubtedly a time when a man and a woman are in love, and its lyrics are like those of a female singer. The man was a Jishi and a hunter, belonging to the so-called scholar class in the society at that time. "Annotations on the Book of Songs" also said: "This is a poem describing the love of a young man and woman." The man was a hunter. He met a girl as gentle as jade in the jungle on the outskirts, so he tied the hunted deer and chopped firewood with white thatch as gifts. Finally found love. "From the perspective of the whole poem, these statements are relatively reasonable and in line with social reality. "Death in the Wild" was written in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. The feudal system had not yet been established, and there was no great defense of "rituals" between men and women. The people were simple and honest, and men and women were straightforward. To understand this poem, you must consider this background.
To sum up, this poem is actually a love poem. A young man and a woman are dating. The man is anxious to become a couple, but the woman politely refuses. The poem is not a poem about "rejecting rudeness", nor is it a poem about a sage who "refuses to be a hermit". It embodies the simple and natural love of young men and women in Western Zhou society.
Theme Appreciation 2: Dislike rudeness. Said
The "Preface to Mao's Poems" of the Han Dynasty first put forward: "There are dead animals in the wild, which are evil and rude. The world was in chaos, and Xiang Ling was imprisoned, which became a promiscuous trend. Being transformed by King Wen, even in troubled times, he was still rude and disrespectful. "The rulers of the Han Dynasty regarded poetry as a political ethics teaching material to serve the rulers in educating the people. Therefore, the interpretation of the Book of Songs in "Mao's Preface to Poems" is a perspective of political enlightenment and utilitarian purposes. "Three Schools of Poetry" by Wang Xianqian of the Qing Dynasty "Yi Ji Shu" said: "Han said: 'The king of Ping moved eastward, and the princes insulted the law and men and women lost their official courtesy. The thorns in "Yeqi" made it clear.'" It is implicitly pointed out that this poem is a satire of the vassal states of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. *** Discourtesy. Zheng Xuan of the Eastern Han Dynasty gave a more clear explanation of "discourtesy" in "Mao's Poetry Biography": "Those who are rude will not be able to help the matchmaker, and the wild geese and coins will not come, and they will be comatose by threats. It is called the age of Zhou. "It means that this poem describes the resistance of a woman in Zhaonan to the rude and rude behavior of a man, which shows that Zhaonan was educated by King Wen. Therefore, the rulers of the Han Dynasty purely used political and religious functions to It would be a bit far-fetched to interpret the text from this perspective.
Under the trend of doubting ancient times in the Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu's "Original Meaning of Poetry" was born. He said: "In the Zhou Dynasty, it was a custom for men and women to have sex. However, the people of Zhou who were transformed by King Wen could understand the integrity and shame, and hated their rudeness. Therefore, when they saw men and women seducing each other and having sex, they were disgusted and said: "There is the flesh of a dead deer in the wild, you can still eat it." Therefore, I cherish it and cover it with the purity of white grass to prevent it from being stained by other things. However, when the girl is pregnant with her spring, a good person will seduce her and defile her in an indecent manner. Jishi is still there, you can know the man of sex. Secondly, it is said that the wood of Puxi can still be used as fuel, and the dead deer can still be bundled with white grass without staining. These two things are of low value. How about a woman who is as good as jade? Wouldn't it be a pity to defile it with disrespect? His death chapter described his running state and said: You didn't run fast, you didn't move me, you didn't startle me, and my dog ??barked. Bi Ben may not be able to move my admiration, but words to cover up evil and stay away. '" He opposed interpreting the poem with etiquette and boldly doubted it, pointing out that the poem described the adulterous behavior between men and women, which was against the Dao. Later, Zhu Xi, his disciple Wang Bai and some subsequent scholars also held this view. Appreciation of creative background : Appreciation of the vivid and meaningful language: Interpretation and appreciation of the meaning of the "Pu Xi" couplet: A gentleman has wine, and a gentleman has wine. , there are many fishes, and there are many things, and there are many things, and there are many things, and there are many things, and there are many things. ! ——Pre-Qin Dynasty·Anonymous "Yu Li"
Yu Li
Pre-Qin Dynasty: Anonymous Book of Songs, about banquets, about fish, about wine and music, and about the common people attacking it. It will be completed soon. The king is in Lingbo, the deer is crouching, and the white bird is flying. When it comes to drums and bells, Yue Piyong is in charge of music.
——Pre-Qin · Anonymous "Lingtai"
Lingtai
Pre-Qin: Anonymous
Pass by Shilingtai and run it. If the common people attack it, it will be accomplished in a short time. Don't be anxious at the beginning, the common people will come.
The king is in the spiritual confinement, and the deer is crouching. The deer flutters, and the white bird flutters. The king is in the spiritual marsh, and the fish is jumping on the boat.
The government office is Wei Cong, and the drum is Wei Yong. In discussing drums and bells, in music and music. The Book of Songs says that the wind and rain are miserable, and the rooster crows and crows. Now that I see a gentleman, I will not be confused. The wind and rain are blowing, and the rooster crows. Now that I have seen a gentleman, I will not hesitate. The wind and rain are like darkness, and the cockcrow is endless. Now that I see a gentleman, Yunhu is not happy.
——Pre-Qin Dynasty·Anonymous "The Book of Songs·National Style·Zheng Feng"
The Book of Songs·National Style·Zheng Feng
Pre-Qin Dynasty: Anonymous "Book of Songs", writing about rain, and nostalgic ballads