This article was written in July of the first year of He Zhi in Song Renzong (1054). This is what the author wrote after visiting Baochan Mountain with his two friends and two younger brothers. This essay is a combination of narration and discussion, which is different from ordinary travel notes and has its own characteristics. The full text can be divided into five paragraphs according to the level of narration and discussion.
At the beginning of the article, "Gai Sheng is absurd" is used to describe the origin of the naming of Baochan Mountain. The article starts with the topic, and comes straight to the point that Baochan Mountain is also called Huashan Mountain. Later, in the Tang Dynasty, there was a monk named Bao Hui who lived under Huashan Mountain at first and was buried under Huashan Mountain after his death, so it was named Baochan Mountain. From far to near, after tracing the origin of the naming of Baochan Mountain, the author turned his pen and ink to Huikong Temple. This shows that the Huikong Temple we see now is the house and tomb where Bao Hui Zen master lived. After all, this is a travelogue, so when I wrote about Huikong Temple, I took it as a basic point and focused on Baochan's famous flower cave. "Its courtyard is five miles east, the so-called Huashan Cave, also known as the Yang name of Huashan". These three sentences explain the origin of the location and name of Huashan Cave. Then I wrote about a stone tablet lying on the roadside more than 0/00 steps away from China Cave/KLOC-and the inscription. Literally, "his handwriting has been lost" means that his handwriting has been blurred because of age. In fact, it is also to highlight the recognizable word "Huashan". The reason why the word "Huashan" should be highlighted is to correct the mistake that people misread the word "Hua" as "petrochemical". The reason to correct today's pronunciation mistakes is to make a copy of the following comments and comments.
From "the bottom is flat and open, and there are springs on the side" to "you can't be happy to the extreme."
Describe the visit to the back cave of Baochan. This section continues the positioning and naming of 1 Duan Hua Cave, and further describes the front and rear caves of Huashan Cave respectively. The front cave, "the bottom is flat and open, and there is a spring", although it has beautiful scenery, it is not dangerous. "There are many tourists" and it is not enough to swim, so I took over. Compared with the previous cave, the latter cave is very different. It is not as flat and wide as the previous caves, and visitors can reach it with their feet. But in the depths of the "five or six miles on the mountain", it takes hard work to reach it, and it is "very cold", so even people who like to visit can't exhaust its end. However, only when there is danger will there be miracles. Therefore, it has aroused great interest of the author and fellow travelers. So they went in with torches, and the deeper they went, the harder it was to walk and the more wonderful the scenery they saw. But there is a contradiction between the difficulty of marching and the beauty of the scenery, so those who want to come out when they are tired say, "If you don't go out, the torch will burn out." Speaking of which, everyone came out with him. Once out of the cave, the author deeply regrets that the place he has reached is less than one tenth of the people who like to visit. However, on the left and right walls of the cave, few people have inscriptions as souvenirs. The deeper you go, the fewer people will arrive. This shows that people who have no ambition and are not afraid of difficulties and obstacles cannot go deep into danger and peep at different views. So, looking back when I was still in the cave, "I have enough strength to go in, and the fire is still bright enough", I can move on. I just listened to the tired people and walked out of the cave, but I couldn't visit as much as I could. The goal has not been achieved, and the feelings of regret are beyond words, which shows the enterprising spirit of the author who dares to take risks.
From "so I have a sigh" to "this profit is also".
My feelings and experience of not going deep into the back cave of Huashan Mountain. The sentence "So I have a sigh" at the beginning of this paragraph sets the tone of the whole paragraph and makes a turning point with strong emotional color for the discussion. Writing begins with the actions of the ancients and then goes back to sightseeing and discussion. As far as the ancients are concerned, they often got something by observing heaven and earth, mountains and rivers, plants, insects, fish, birds and animals. This is because they have deeply observed and thought about things, but there is nothing they can't explore. The author says that it is the past that makes the present serve. It goes without saying that today's people must have the spirit of exploration of the ancients if they want to get something. But not everyone has this spirit. As far as sightseeing is concerned, "there are more tourists near; If the risk is far away, there will be fewer people. " This phenomenon is a manifestation of lack of exploration spirit. The strange, magnificent and unusual scenery in the world is often in dangerous places, but people rarely reach it, so it is impossible to see the wonders. So how can we see the miracle? The author discusses it from three aspects. First, "people with will can't come." What is emphasized here is the word "ambition". Only ambition can achieve the ideal position. Second, if you are ambitious, you won't stop casually. "However, those who lack strength will not reach it." Here, another word "strength" is emphasized. This "force" refers to strength. If the strength is insufficient, like "lazy people who want to go out", they will not reach the ideal situation. Third, the ambition is strong, but it is not easy to get tired. "As for darkness and confusion, it is unparalleled and unattainable." Another word "thing" is emphasized here. The "thing" mentioned here refers to things with the help of torches. When a tourist walks into a dark place, he can't reach the ideal place if he doesn't use things like torches to illuminate the way forward. In a word, with ambition, strength and help, we can achieve the ideal situation. This is the positive side. On the other hand, it is ridiculous for others and very regrettable for yourself that the strength can be achieved but not achieved. I still can't reach it despite my efforts, and there is nothing to regret. So, who can laugh at him? The author made the truth clear from both positive and negative aspects. This is the author's experience after visiting Huashan Houdong. This kind of experience is profound, but its objective significance goes far beyond sightseeing and can be used to do anything.
From "Monument of Many Servants" to "Therefore, scholars should not take it carefully without thinking deeply"
The association caused by writing servant tablets. The word "Hua" in "Huashan" can still be recognized on the servant tablet, and it is mistaken for "petrochemical" Hua by modern people, thus being associated with ancient books. "Because there are ancient books about mourning for my husband and I don't know the name, how can I get the word?" From the misinformation of mountain names to the misinformation of ancient books, the author was shocked and lamented. Therefore, it is further put forward that "scholars should not think deeply and should not take it carefully" It is also very incisive to treat rumors with "deep thinking" and "careful taking" For scholars, it is not only necessary but also instructive to sort out and study ancient books, identify their authenticity and restore their true colors.
From "Four People" to the end of the article. Write down the name and writing time of fellow travelers.
From the above five paragraphs, it is not difficult to see that although this article is based on the proposition of travel notes, the focus of writing is not on traveling, but on the author's experience and understanding on the journey, and two points are emphatically written: First, the background of writing the name of Huashan; The first is to write about the trip to Huashan Houdong.
When writing about the origin and ending of Huashan Mountain, people associate the misreading of Huashan Mountain with the misinformation of ancient books, thus pointing out that we should adopt a "thoughtful and cautious" attitude towards ancient books. This is not only an exhortation to scholars at that time, but also a portrayal of the author's attitude towards learning. Wang Anshi has a lot of original ideas in his scholarship, and he is not bound by the opinions of his predecessors. For example, he and his disciples compiled the classics and principles of the three books, Poetry, Book and Laozi's Notes, to replace the study of chapters and sentences and Confucianism since the Han Dynasty, which is a prominent example. For example, most of his historical and nostalgic poems are abnormal. In the poem Shang Yang, he wrote: "Today's people must be Shang Yang, and Shang Yang can make politics necessary." He wrote in the poem Jia Sheng: "If you think about it, you can't say that the king is kind to Jia Sheng." All these reflect his new ideas. These views are all for him to crack down on the old party and carry out political reform and innovation. Therefore, it can also be said that his theory and practice of political reform and innovation are the result of his careful summing up of historical experience and lessons and "careful consideration and caution".
When writing about the process of visiting the back cave of Huashan Mountain, from "the deeper you go, the more difficult it is to get in, the more strange you see" to the fact that the number of tourists is also decreasing, and then to the discussion that "the extraordinary world outlook is always far from danger". If you want to see Wonderland, you must have a fearless attitude and go straight ahead. His spirit of always forging ahead and bravely climbing the peak is completely consistent with his spirit of not fearing siege and never looking back in his later political reform and innovation. This enterprising spirit, coupled with his reform and innovation, has its inevitable historical limitations and class limitations, but it can also give people useful enlightenment and encouragement.
The writing skills of this article are also quite ingenious.
Because the focus of this paper is not to remember the tour, but to write about the experience of the tour, it takes a lot of effort to choose the materials and organize the writing. In travel notes, the author paves the way for writing experiences everywhere, so that travel notes and experiences can be combined harmoniously and naturally.
The phrase "Baochan is also called Huashan" at the beginning of the article seems to be just telling the story of Baochan, which is unremarkable and not novel. But if you think about it carefully, it will be unusual. It not only plays a pioneering role in the following study of the origin of Zen naming, but also highlights that the word "Huashan" is related to the overall situation. The sudden appearance of the author Huashan plays an important role in the record and discussion of the full text. It is conceivable that if the reader doesn't know that Baochan Mountain is "Huashan", then the title of the article is "Ode to the Mountain of Zen", and the following records, that is, the front cave and the back cave of Huashan, which are inseparable from "Huashan", have lost their foundation, which is incredible. Then it is impossible to visit and comment on Huashan Houdong. Therefore, it is very important and indispensable to highlight "Huashan" in the first sentence, which plays a leading and paving role in the whole text. However, the author didn't go to "Huashan" specifically to talk about "Huashan", but highlighted "Huashan" by studying the origin of the naming of Baochan Mountain, which is more natural and wonderful. Judging from the origin of the naming of Baochan Mountain, clear pronunciation and mellow voice are impeccable; From the perspective of travel, it is logical and has played its due role.
This article is characterized by taking notes as a supplement and focusing on discussion, so the author has carefully considered what to write, what not to write and how to write. The Huashan Mountain, Huikong Temple, Servant Monument and Huashan Cave written in this article are not the key points, so they are all skipped. Their appearance paved the way for writing the back cave of Huashan Mountain, especially the back cave of Youhuashan Mountain. In detail, it is a little rough, and the key points of visiting Huashan Houdong are described in detail. The author first writes that the cave behind Huashan Mountain is deep and dark, and the cold air attacks people. Although a good traveler cannot be poor; The deeper you write, the more difficult it is to enter and the more strange it is to read; After writing, people who want to go out say it slowly and go out with passers-by; The deeper you write, the less you remember; After the second writing, some people blame those who are lazy and want to go out; The second writer regretted coming out with slackers, so he couldn't do all the sightseeing. Instead, he wrote the whole process of visiting Huashan Houdong layer by layer. Among them, there are exaggerated environmental atmosphere, exaggerated tourist activities, retreat to those who are not determined, words of responsibility and resentment, and words of regret. There are twists and turns in details and ups and downs in ideological struggle in the journey, which naturally paves the way for the following to express their experiences and comments, so that the journey and comments are closely combined.
Another example is that the author wrote "The Monument to the Servant Road", describing that "its prose is scattered, and its only prose is still recognizable, saying' Huashan'", so it is intentional to study the fallacy of modern pronunciation. It also paves the way for the following discussion on the phenomenon of misinformation of ancient books by later generations, so that the former calls for the latter. Throughout the whole paper, Travel in Memory provides conditions for discussion, and discussion is the inevitable development of Travel in Memory. In order to highlight the key points of writing, the author's writing skills such as rigorous selection, clever tailoring and good at paving the way for transition are worth learning. As the editor of China's View on Ancient Literature said: "All the way is a journey, but according to it, it is all learning. When the ancients reached their goal, the head was the Tao. The mountains and rivers in Sichuan have the same interest as the ridges. " Finally, the author laments the monument lying on the roadside, echoing the Premier's article, which is rigorous in structure and clear in context.