Chess is rich in changes and connotations. If you want to learn chess, you must go through a process from not knowing it to knowing it, and from knowing less to knowing more. This learning process requires a certain amount of time and energy, which is what we often say "no pain, no gain." If the learning content is reasonably arranged and the methods are appropriate, it is possible to achieve rapid progress or twice the result with half the effort.
For beginners, what should you learn first and then what? What is the most effective way to learn? How to learn best? These issues must be of greatest concern and urgent need to understand. If you have never learned it before, it is recommended that you learn it in the order of stages and content arranged below. Fans with a certain foundation can also refer to their actual situation and fill in relevant content before continuing to learn.
1. Beginner stage
1. First, have a general understanding of the development history of chess, learn and master the movement of chess pieces, capture of pieces, determination of victory and defeat, record of chess moves, simple Rules and basic common sense.
2. Learn the basic killing methods of chess and the more concise and simple winning examples and basic formulas of the endgame, and understand the reasoning and analysis methods and techniques for killing the king and the endgame.
3. Understand the types of layouts, learn the basic changes of common layouts step by step and selectively, and understand the basic theories, basic tactics and practical killing methods of layouts.
Fourth, start with the middle game killing method, learn the strategies and tactics of the middle game, and then understand the basic theories such as the tactical principles of the middle game.
5. Observe or record the games played by famous players, and learn the strategies and tactics of famous players through game commentary and analysis.
6. Combining the learned layout and appropriately interspersed with actual combat exercises, the main forms include wheel battles, one-on-one simulated matches or multi-game confrontations, etc., to understand the competition format and requirements. If possible, timed competitions should be appropriately arranged, experience actual combat and keep records, and gradually practice review capabilities.
2. Consolidation and improvement stage
1. In-depth study of slightly complex killing methods, focusing on independently guessing the winning positions of ancient formulas, and gradually exercising mental arithmetic skills; learning and sorting out actual killing positions , familiarize yourself with the conditions for killing and the sequence of attacks and kills, and develop a feel for killing chess.
Second, further study the endgame in depth, learn slightly complex and practical examples and formulas in the form of small topic studies, properly study the actual endgames played by famous players, and gradually systemize them.
3. According to your own characteristics, conditions and preferences, selectively and systematically learn three to five types of first-hand and second-hand layouts, gradually transition from imitation to forming an independent layout system, and have an in-depth understanding of layout characteristics, Formation principles and common practical tactics.
4. In-depth study of various slightly complex tactics in the middle game, combined with actual combat experience of middle game theory, game review decision-making and calculation methods, focusing on solving the transition problems from layout to middle game and from middle game to end game, and gradually Cultivate the ability to combine strategic thinking and tactical awareness.
5. Combined with the layout learning process, appropriately arrange targeted simulated actual combat. If possible, it must be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the competition. The competition format can be arranged in group cycles, large cycles, points arrangement, and multi-game confrontations. Or elimination system, etc., you can also practice fast chess appropriately. It is required to deepen the understanding of the rules and characteristics of the competition system through the competition, review and communicate after the game, and gradually implement independent memorization and summary (including strategic tactics, psychology, practical skills, etc.).
6. Try to learn as many actual games as possible from famous players, and understand the game psychology, strategic conception and implementation of tactical means.
The above is the general process of learning chess in stages that we have arranged for beginners. Beginners can choose and arrange according to their own level and interests, but they must implement from simple to complex, from easy to difficult, Pay attention to the basics and the principle of first stage and then the overall situation. After learning certain basic knowledge according to the above process and laying a good foundation, there will be a reliable prerequisite and guarantee for further development to advanced levels.
3. Actual game play
Practical game play is the main means to improve chess skills. Learning and practicing are for actual combat. Only through actual combat can we deepen our understanding, digestion and absorption of the content of the book. ; Only after many times of actual combat can we gradually accumulate direct and beneficial experience and understanding, so as to avoid "talking on paper". Beginners should pay attention to the following issues in actual combat:
1. The number of games must be arranged reasonably. Too few or too many will affect the improvement of the level.
Too few games will not confirm the knowledge and theories learned in time, and may also reduce the interest in learning chess. More importantly, there is a lack of exercise, which affects the accumulation of direct experience; too many games often lead to playing chess based on interest and desire alone. Being greedy for speed and not using your brain, playing more than ten games a day will not only be useless for improvement, but will also develop the habit of playing chess casually. It is more effective than playing each game carefully and carefully. Under normal circumstances, an average of 150-180 games per year is enough for children and 120-150 games for adults.
2. Pay attention to the quality of the game. First of all, the opponent's level should be similar to yours, preferably slightly higher. The level is close and easy to communicate and exchange, which is conducive to mutual improvement; try not to find opponents with too different levels to play chess, so as not to achieve the effect of the game. , and easily affect mood and interest. Secondly, when playing a game, no matter the level of the opponent, every game and every move must be played seriously and responsibly. Only by thinking carefully can the brain machine on the spot be activated to the maximum extent and the thinking ability can be exercised to the maximum extent. and improve. Only by improving the quality of the game can the knowledge learned be well tested and truly understood and absorbed.
3. After the game, you must review the game in time and carefully summarize the gains and losses. Even for high-level chess players, this is also a very important technical exercise. To review the game, you must memorize the moves. You can record them on the spot or memorize them silently after the game. However, you must not misremember the order of each move. Regardless of victory or defeat, the game should be carefully reviewed. In victory, we should not only sum up experience, but also try to find out the shortcomings; after failure, we should not only sum up lessons, but also affirm progress to facilitate another fight. This will deepen the impression on the brain, facilitate memory, understanding and absorption, and then make further progress in the next game.
Four. When reviewing, you need to analyze your own game at a higher level. You must analyze it objectively and dialectically, focusing on theories, ways of thinking, and calculation methods, and find regular problems. , not just stick to the good or bad of each move or the technical gains and losses. If you have the conditions, you can also ask experts to help analyze and give guidance and find out the pros and cons. In this way, you will also discover things you don't recognize and improve your artistic conception. Combined with your own actual games, you should also refer to the relevant chess records to study. At least you can find monographs on layout and endgames, find out the shortcomings and correct them. It is also a good way to compare and study the relevant games played by masters. This is to compare and think carefully with your own playing methods. This way you can find out the gaps in thinking methods and chess theory between you and the masters in actual combat, so that you can improve yourself.
5. Game records must be organized in a timely manner. First, the technical and theoretical gains and losses should be briefly commented. Second, they should be classified and saved in chronological order so that they can be used as data for reference and analysis at any time.
6. After playing the game seriously and humbly studying and summarizing, the theoretical understanding and experience must be repeatedly applied to actual combat for testing. Only after actual combat, summary, study, and then actual combat , summarizing, learning, and this endless cycle of processes will consolidate the knowledge learned, discover new problems, find new directions, and continuously improve the actual level.
4. Lay a solid foundation
This has been mentioned before. What is emphasized here is that in the beginner stage, the knowledge and theory of chess opening, middle and end games must be learned. Persist in learning something and understanding something, and make steady progress in a down-to-earth manner. "Tall buildings rise from the ground." Laying a solid foundation is very important for future development. There was someone who had been playing chess for decades, but occasionally encountered a must-win endgame between knight and knight in the game but could not win. He regretted the game and did not have solid basic skills, which would definitely restrict his progress and development.
When beginners learn any knowledge (including actual combat), they must ask more whys. They can compare more situations of the same type and consider more possibilities. For example, if you study the endgame of cavalry vs. single lack of soldiers, you can compare the difference between high soldiers and low soldiers (and 2-line soldiers or 3-line soldiers), as well as the impact of the position of the opponent's soldiers and elephants on the outcome, and how the cavalry soldiers can use their commander's strength. , Zili's skills in cooperating with the attack, etc. As a result, we will have a deeper understanding of this type of situation, a firmer grasp of knowledge, and a more flexible application. In addition, you must gradually systematize the knowledge you have learned, promptly discover your shortcomings and weaknesses in progress, constantly correct and make up for them through learning and exercise, and constantly improve your chess knowledge.
5. Follow regulations to improve efficiency
According to objective universal laws, the process of learning and improving can be described as "wave-like progress and spiral upward".
Therefore, we must not only seize the time to learn as much as possible and learn well, but we must also follow this rule and appropriately put forward requirements at different stages. For example: when the progress is obvious, we should pay attention to strengthening basic skills training, and actively develop in depth and breadth, so as to maintain the upward trend in the long term; when the progress is a little slow, we should not be impatient, pay attention to regulating emotions and learning rhythm, and the indicators can be appropriate Lowering it a little will often help return to normal as quickly as possible.
Efficiency refers to the ratio of the workload to the effect within a certain period of time. While we follow the rules of learning, we must also pay attention to the efficiency of learning. For chess, the investment in learning is mostly directly proportional to the increase in level. However, due to differences in the time learners learn chess, gender, age, understanding and creativity, whether they work hard, whether they learn well, and the conditions for training and competition, and other factors will affect the learning effect. Learners and coaches should pay attention to this, take appropriate countermeasures according to the specific situation, and use scientific methods for training.
6. Strengthen self-cultivation
If you want to make progress in chess and continue to climb to the top, you need to learn to be a human being. This is very necessary. Throughout the ages, the criteria for comprehensively evaluating a chess player have been based on the order of chess morality, chess quality, and chess skills, emphasizing that morality is the first priority and that one has both ability and political integrity. Chess enthusiasts, especially children, must give top priority to strengthening their self-cultivation, establish lofty ambitions from an early age, strictly demand themselves, and abide by social ethics and athletes' codes. Cultivate a good moral style that loves the motherland, is diligent and studious, cares about the collective, is honest and modest, is civilized and courteous, abides by disciplines and laws, trains hard, and is neither arrogant nor impetuous. Article 8 of the "Xiangqi Competition Rules" contains information for chess players. Every player should study it carefully and strictly abide by it.
With the further popularization and development of chess, modern chess technology and theory have reached new heights, and competitions at all levels that are gradually becoming more formalized have become more intense, and the role of chess players’ psychological factors has become increasingly important. is becoming more and more important. Some people have now combined chess with psychology, calling it chess psychology. Learning and mastering the psychology of chess is conducive to scientific selection, training and competition, because chess is a knowledge, exercises and practices are operated by people, and people are controlled by psychology. Beginners should consciously strengthen their learning. and exercise.
During chess learning and competition, the brain operates at a high speed, and it is impossible without a good body. In order to promote normal physical and mental development, enthusiasts should actively participate in a variety of sports activities, exercise, improve various functions, and enhance physical fitness.
Lu You, the great poet of the Song Dynasty in my country, has two lines in "Shiziyu": "If you want to learn poetry, you have to work hard on poetry." Borrowed from chess, it means "kung fu lies outside of chess". In addition to what was mentioned above, one must also be involved in various disciplines, such as dialectical methodology in philosophy, strategy in military science, as well as mathematics, literature, history, music, calligraphy, etc. Painting, etc., are of great benefit to strengthening self-cultivation and improving chess skills.